Decoding Aphid Outbreaks: Impact of sowing windows and mustard varietal diversity on the population fluctuations of Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi)

Decoding Aphid Outbreaks: Impact of sowing windows and mustard varietal diversity on the population fluctuations of Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Decoding Aphid Outbreaks: Impact of sowing windows and mustard varietal diversity on the population fluctuations of Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) Insha Muzaffar Insha Muzaffar, Shimpy Sarkar Shimpy Sarkar, Arshdeep Singh Arshdeep Singh This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8442283/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 9 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Mustard aphid ( Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) is a key insect pest of mustard, causing heavy losses by sap-sucking and transmitting viral diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of sowing dates and mustard varieties on aphid population build-up under field conditions at the research farm of Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, during the Rabi season of 2023–2024. The experiment was conducted in FRBD (Factorial randomized block design) with three replications having two factors. First factor comprised of three dates of sowing: Early sowing-D 1 (15th October), Mid sowing-D 2 (30th October) and Late sowing- D 3 (15th November). whereas the second factor consists of five Indian mustard varieties viz; {V 1 (GSC-07), V 2 (Laxmi-846), V 3 (Durgamani), V 4 (Gujarat Mustard-2), and V 5 (RH-119)}. Aphid populations were recorded at regular intervals from initiation (52nd SMW) (Standard meteorological week) until decline (15th SMW). Results revealed significant differences among varieties and sowing dates. Early-sown crops (D 1 ) generally escaped severe infestation, while late-sown crops (D 3 ) harboured the highest aphid populations. Resistant/tolerant varieties, Durgamani(V 3 ) and RH-119 (V 5 ) showed consistently lower infestation compared to susceptible ones Gujarat-Mustard 2 (V 4 ), GSC-07 (V 1 ) and Laxmi-846 (V 2 ). The study revealed that both sowing time and varietal differences significantly affected aphid incidence. Early sowing consistently resulted in lower aphid populations, whereas delayed sowing encouraged higher infestations due to synchronization with favorable environmental conditions. Resistant varieties showed markedly lower aphid loads compared to susceptible types, suggesting the role of inherent morphological and biochemical defense mechanisms. These results highlight the importance of timely sowing and selection of tolerant varieties as vital agronomic strategies to suppress aphid incidence naturally and ensure sustainable mustard production under changing environmental conditions. Lipaphis erysimi Mustard (Brassica juncea) Sowing window Varietal resistance Population dynamics Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs) Integrated Pest Management (IPM) Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction Rapeseed ( Brassica spp.) is a major oilseed crop cultivated globally for edible oil, vegetables, condiments, medicinal uses, and various bio-industrial purposes, ranking third in production after soybean and palm oil. In India, Brassica species cover about 6.13 million hectares with a production of 7.38 million tonnes. Among these, Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss. is the predominant species, accounting for over 90% of the cultivated area (A.S.G, 2018 ; Directorate of Economics & Statistics, 2019). Mustard holds the second position among edible oilseeds in India after groundnut, contributing nearly 27.8% to the national oilseed economy. However, the average productivity of mustard in India (1511 kg/ha) remains lower than the global average (1980 kg/ha), representing only about three-fourths of the world’s productivity, much lower compared to countries such as Sweden, Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom (Dhillon et al., 2022 ). Among the several factors contributing to low productivity, insect pests are particularly important. Nearly three dozen insect species attack rapeseed–mustard, but the mustard aphid ( Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) is considered the most serious. The aphids' ability to feed on phloem sap and their capacity for rapid reproduction have made them a significant yield-reducing factor worldwide, which causes the plant to grow more slowly, produce fewer seeds, and have a lower oil content (Dhillon et al., 2022 ). Lipaphis erysimi poses a major constraint to mustard production, with reported yield losses varying from 35.4% to as high as 96% under favorable conditions, along with a concomitant decline of 5–6% in seed oil content (Geethanjali et al., 2024 ). Abiotic factors significantly influence aphid infestation, as variation in sowing dates affect the initiation and progression of population build-up under favorable weather conditions (Narjary et al., 2013 ). The period of sowing exerts a critical influence on the level of aphid infestation. Several studies have demonstrated that early planting facilitates the crop in escaping the peak activity of aphids, thereby substantially minimizing yield losses (Kumar et al., 2024 ). Early-sown crops generally establish vigorous growth and exhibit greater tolerance, whereas delayed sowing often coincides with severe aphid colonization during sensitive phenological stages such as flowering and pod formation, which are decisive for seed development (Chattopadhyay et al., 2005 ; Sanp et al., 2016 ). In addition to sowing dates, host plant resistance among mustard varieties serves as an essential factor in reducing aphid-induced yield reduction. While complete immunity has not been identified in any variety, several genotypes demonstrate moderate to high levels of tolerance, which can be ascribed to specific morphological attributes or underlying biochemical mechanisms (Bhat et al .,2004; Tripathi et al .,2025). Thus, examining the interactive effects of sowing dates and genotypic variation on the population dynamics of Lipaphis erysimi is imperative, not only for identifying resistant sources and understanding pest ecology, but also for developing eco-friendly and cost-effective management strategies to mitigate yield and oil losses in mustard cultivation. These investigations will improve decision support for efficient Lipaphis erysimi management and have consequences for the production of sustainable rapeseed and mustard. Materials and Methodology A field experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2023–24 at the Research Farm of Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. The trial was arranged in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors and three replications. The treatments comprised of three dates of sowing treated as a main factor and five different varieties treated as sub-factor. Five varieties namely GSC-07 (V 1 ), Laxmi-846 (V 2 ), Durgamani (V 3 ), Gujarat Mustard-2 (V 4 ) and RH-119 (V 5 ) were sown at three planting dates, early (15th October), mid (30th October) and late (15th November). A total of 45 plots were established, each with a net plot size of 5 × 4 m². The crop was sown at a row spacing of 30 cm and plant spacing of 10 cm, using a seed rate of 4–6 kg ha⁻¹ at a depth of 3–4 cm. Standard agronomic practices and intercultural operations, including gap filling, thinning, and hand weeding, were carried out in the experimental plots. The crop was maintained under natural infestation conditions, without any insecticidal intervention. Monitoring of mustard aphid infestation commenced three weeks after germination and continued until crop maturity. Observations on aphid appearance and subsequent population dynamics were recorded at weekly intervals from the 10 cm terminal portion of the central shoot of five randomly selected plants in each plot and the data were averaged to obtain mean values. Statistical Analysis Data on aphid population were recorded from five randomly selected plants per plot during each observation. The mean values thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis to determine the effects of sowing dates, varieties, and their interactions on the population dynamics of Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) following the procedures described by Panse and Sukhatme ( 1957 ). The significance of differences among treatment means was tested using the Critical Difference (CD) test at the 5% level of probability (P = 0.05). Pooled analysis over the Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs) was conducted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of treatment effects and to draw logical inferences about the influence of environmental and varietal factors. Where necessary, data were transformed to stabilize variances before analysis. To further explore multivariate relationships, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out using GRAPES software to identify and visualize the major components contributing to the variability in aphid population across sowing dates, varieties, and meteorological weeks. The PCA biplot helped in understanding the degree of association among variables and the clustering pattern of treatments based on aphid infestation intensity. Results and Discussion The seasonal incidence of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi , showed marked variation across sowing dates and varieties, reflecting the combined influence of crop phenology, prevailing weather, and host plant characteristics. Early and late-sown crops presented contrasting environments for aphid multiplication, while genotypic differences further contributed to variability in infestation levels. The following results are presented under three headings: effect of sowing dates, effect of varieties, and their interaction, to provide a clear understanding of treatment influences on aphid population dynamics. Effect of sowing dates on aphid population Sowing date exerted a significant influence on the population build-up of Lipaphis erysimi . Aphid infestation increased consistently with delayed sowing (Fig.1). Aphids appeared during the 52 nd SMW (late December) in the early (D 1 ) and mid-sown crop (D 2 ) and during the 1 st SMW (early January) in the late-sown one (D 3 ). Late-sown crops (D 3 ) exhibited the highest aphid infestation with the population peaking during the 8 th SMW (139.987) and 9 th SMW (150.427) followed by mid-sown crops (D 2 ) with the population peaking during the 8 th SMW (136.560). On the other hand, the lowest aphid counts were recorded in D 1 sowing with the population peaking during the 7 th SMW (113.173) before declining sharply. In the early sown crop (D 1 ), the initial incidence of mustard aphid ( Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) was recorded in the 52 nd SMW with a very low population of 0.200 aphids per 10 cm central twig, indicating the onset of infestation at the vegetative stage of the crop. The aphid population showed a gradual and continuous increase from the 1 st to the 7 th SMW, attaining its peak density of 113.173 aphids per 10 cm twig during the 7 th SMW when the crop was at the flowering stage. Thereafter, the population started declining steadily from the 8 th to the 12 th SMW (Table 2). attributed to the senescence of the crop and the dispersal of aphids to other host plants. The mid-sown crop (D 2 ) recorded a higher and more sustained aphid infestation than the early-sown crop (D 2 ). The initial appearance of Lipaphis erysimi was observed during the 52 nd SMW (0.107), and the population gradually increased, reaching its maximum density (136.560) during the 8 th SMW. Thereafter, the aphid population showed a gradual decline but persisted up to the 14 th SMW (6.347). In contrast, the early-sown crop (D 1 ) matured earlier, leading to a reduction in the availability of succulent plant parts suitable for aphid feeding. Consequently, the aphid population in the early-sown crop (D 1 ) declined sharply after the 7 th SMW and completely disappeared by the 13 th SMW. The longer persistence of aphids in the mid-sown crop (D 2 ) is therefore associated with the delayed maturity and prolonged availability of tender plant tissues, coupled with favorable temperature and humidity during the 8 th to 12 th SMWs. In the late-sown crop (D 3 ), the initial incidence of mustard aphid ( Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) was recorded during the 1 st SMW. The aphid population increased progressively, attaining its peak during the 9 th SMW (150.427), followed by slightly lower populations in the 8 th SMW (139.987). The intensity of infestation was the highest in the late-sown crop (D 3 ) compared to both early (D 1 ) and mid-sown (D 2 ) crops. This may be attributed to the coincidence of the crop’s flowering and pod formation stages with the period of congenial weather conditions, such as moderate temperature and relatively high humidity, during the 7 th to 9 th SMWs. Thereafter, the aphid population declined gradually from the 10 th SMW (129.453) onwards but continued to persist up to the 15 th SMW (2.28). The prolonged survival of aphids in the late-sown crop (D 3 ) was likely due to the delayed crop maturity and extended availability of tender plant tissues favorable for feeding and multiplication. Similar findings were reported by (Patel and Singh, 2018), who observed that late-maturing mustard crops supported aphid populations for a longer duration due to extended availability of suitable host stages. Early sowing thus allowed the crop to escape the peak period of aphid multiplication, while delayed sowing coincided with congenial weather conditions, leading to greater infestation. These results suggest that early sowing allowed the crop to escape the peak aphid multiplication period, whereas delayed sowing coincided with congenial weather conditions, thus favouring pest proliferation. The current findings are in line with previous results (Mishra and Gaurav, 2022), who reported reduced aphid incidence in early-sown mustard. These observations confirm the importance of sowing time in pest avoidance. However, irrespective of sowing window, genotypic differences also played a critical role, as described below. During the course of the investigation, meteorological parameters such as maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity (maximum and minimum), rainfall, wind speed, and sunshine hours were recorded weekly across the 52 nd to 15 th SMWs (Table 1). The data revealed considerable fluctuations in temperature and humidity, which coincided with the changing trend of aphid population on mustard. Such variations in weather conditions played a significant role in determining the onset, build-up, and decline of aphid infestation. Effect of varieties on aphid population The tested varieties exhibited significant differences in their susceptibility to aphid infestation. The infestation of mustard aphid ( Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) was observed on all the tested varieties beginning from the 52 nd SMW. The mean aphid population varied significantly among the varieties throughout the cropping period. The highest population (216.667) was recorded on Gujarat Mustard-2(V 4 ) (Fig.2), which was followed by GSC-07(V 1 ) (179.156) and Laxmi-846(V 2 ) (167.378). The peak infestation (216.667) in Gujarat Mustard-2(V 4 ) was observed during the 8th SMW, indicating its high susceptibility to aphid attack under prevailing weather conditions. GSC-07(V 1 ) and Laxmi-846(V 2 ) also exhibited a similar trend but with comparatively lower mean populations. The lowest aphid population was consistently recorded on Durgamani (V 3 ) across all SMWs. In this variety, the population attained its peak (28.644) during the 8 th SMW , which, however, remained significantly lower than that observed on the other varieties. Thereafter, the aphid population in Durgamani (V 3 ) declined gradually from the 9 th SMW and completely disappeared by the 15 th SMW .A similar trend was observed in RH-119(V 5 ) , wherein the aphid population peaked (36.644) around the 7 th SMW and started declining thereafter. However, RH-119(V 5 ) harbored comparatively higher populations than Durgamani(V 3 ) throughout the observation period (Table 2). The comparatively lower population in Durgamani(V 3 ) and RH-119(V 5 ) suggests their relative tolerance or resistance to aphid infestation which may be attributed to their inherent morphological or biochemical traits , which possibly make these varieties less conducive for aphid multiplication and feeding under the present field conditions (Samal et al .,2021). These findings are consistent with the reports of (Chand et al .,2023; Sinha et al ., 2024), who demonstrated that varietal resistance offers a sustainable means of aphid management. The varietal resistance may be attributed to morphological and biochemical traits such as thicker cuticle layers, higher glucosinolate contents, and reduced phloem sap palatability that adversely affect aphid colonization and feeding rates (Chandrakumara et al .,2023; Loitongbam et al .,2024). Since both sowing date and variety significantly affected aphid infestation individually, their combined effect was further examined. Interaction effect of sowing dates and varieties A significant interaction between date of sowing and variety was observed with respect to aphid population (Fig.3). The data (Table 2) indicated that the late-sown crop of Gujarat-Mustard 2 (D₃V₄) recorded the highest aphid infestation (256.800) among all combinations, reaching its peak during the 9th SMW . Similar trends were evident for the other sowing dates, where variety V₄ (Gujarat-Mustard 2) consistently maintained higher aphid populations compared to the rest. Varieties V₁ (GSC-07) and V₂ (Laxmi-846) followed Gujarat-Mustard 2(V 4 ) in infestation intensity across all sowing dates. Conversely, the lowest (0.067) aphid population was recorded in D₁V₃ (early-sown Durgamani) , followed by D₁V₅ (early-sown RH-119) (0.133) , suggesting their comparative tolerance to aphid attack under early-sown conditions. These results imply that late sowing enhanced aphid susceptibility , particularly in highly susceptible genotypes such as Gujarat- Mustard 2, whereas early sowing coupled with tolerant varieties reduced infestation levels. This indicates that varietal performance is influenced by sowing window, and the right combination can effectively minimize aphid incidence. Such interactions were also reported by (Khan and Jha,2010; Ahlawat et al ., 2021), who observed that delayed sowing exposed the crop to favorable temperature and humidity regimes for aphid multiplication, thereby intensifying infestation in susceptible genotypes, highlighting that both agronomic and genetic factors must be considered simultaneously in aphid management. The combined evidence from sowing date, varietal differences, and their interaction emphasizes that integration of cultural practices with host plant resistance can serve as an effective, eco-friendly approach to suppress aphid infestation in mustard. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to analyse the relationship between aphid population and Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs) across different sowing dates and mustard varieties. The PCA biplot (Fig.4) provides a visual summary of the variation explained by the first two principal components (PC₁ and PC₂). The centre of the biplot represents the origin, indicating neutral association, whereas points positioned nearer to the circumference exhibit stronger correlations with the principal components. The length of the arrows signifies the magnitude of each SMW’s contribution to the overall variation, while their direction depicts the nature of association. Arrows pointing in similar directions represent positively correlated SMWs, whereas those oriented oppositely reflect negative associations. The clustering pattern of SMWs revealed that those corresponding to the peak aphid infestation period (around 7ᵗʰ to 9ᵗʰ SMW) showed strong association with PC₁, indicating their major role in influencing population dynamics. In contrast, early (52 nd - 1ˢᵗ SMW) and late (12ᵗʰ -15ᵗʰ SMW) periods were positioned closer to the origin, suggesting minimal contribution to overall variability. The PCA thus effectively differentiated critical infestation phases and validated the seasonal influence of meteorological conditions on aphid build-up. It also revealed the clear temporal segregation of weeks based on aphid incidence. The vectors corresponding to the 8 th and 9 th SMWs were closely aligned with the positive side of PC₁, indicating that these weeks contributed most strongly to the peak aphid population period . In contrast, the vectors representing the 52 nd , 1 st , and 2 nd SMWs were oriented along a different axis, reflecting the initial phase of aphid colonization with lower population densities. The later weeks (13 th to 15 th SMWs) showed negative loading values, indicating the declining phase of aphid infestation as the crop approached maturity and environmental conditions became less favorable for aphid multiplication. Thus, the PCA clearly differentiated the onset, build-up, and decline phases of aphid infestation during the crop season, demonstrating that maximum variation in aphid abundance occurred during the 7 th to 9 th SMWs. Similar use of PCA has been reported in mustard aphid research to summarize multivariate relationships between infestation levels, weather parameters, and genotypic traits. Shukla et al . (2023) used PCA and PLSR to distinguish aphid-infested and healthy mustard crops using hyperspectral data. Furthermore, JAMES et al . (2024) applied PCA in the evaluation of yield and aphid resistance of Indian mustard genotypes under acidic soil conditions of Meghalaya, identifying distinct genotype clusters based on resistance indices and yield traits. Collectively, these findings substantiate the present PCA results, confirming that principal component analysis is a robust tool to decipher key temporal and varietal factors influencing mustard aphid dynamics. Conclusion Overall, the study revealed that sowing time and varietal selection significantly influenced mustard aphid ( Lipaphis erysimi Kalt.) incidence. Early-sown crops (D₁) recorded the lowest aphid population, while late-sown crops (D₃) had the highest, coinciding with favourable weather for aphid build-up. Among varieties, Gujarat-Mustard 2(V 4 ) showed maximum infestation, whereas Durgamani(V 3 ) and RH-119(V 5 ) were relatively tolerant. The late-sown Gujarat-Mustard 2 (D₃V₄) combination exhibited the highest aphid density, highlighting the effect of sowing–variety interaction. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing sowing windows and selecting tolerant varieties as integral components of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in mustard ecosystems. Adoption of early sowing schedules, coupled with tolerant cultivars, can substantially suppress aphid incidence, reduce the need for chemical interventions, and promote environmentally sustainable and economically viable mustard production systems under changing climatic conditions. Declarations We confirm that all the authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Furthermore, we affirm that the manuscript has not been published elsewhere, in whole or in part, and is not currently under consideration by any other journal. We also confirm the following: • No funds, grants, or other support was received. • The authors declare that they have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. • We also confirm that there are no competing interests related to the content of this article. • All authors certify that they have no affiliations with, or involvement in, any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript. • Additionally, the authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material presented in this article. Ethics approval This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. All procedures involving fieldwork and data collection compiled with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation were applicable, permission was obtained from relevant authorities to conduct the research. Clinical trial number Not applicable Author Contribution We confirm that all the authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Furthermore, we affirm that the manuscript has not been published elsewhere, in whole or in part, and is not currently under consideration by any other journal. We also confirm the following:- No funds, grants, or other support was received.- The authors declare that they have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.- We also confirm that there are no competing interests related to the content of this article.- All authors certify that they have no affiliations with, or involvement in, any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.- Additionally, the authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material presented in this article. 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Indian Council of Agricultural Research Tripathi P, Singh RS, Singh D, Maurya C, Kumar S, Singh M, Rao YD (2025) Assessment of Morphological and Physiological Traits Associated with Mustard Aphid Resistance in Brassica Genotypes. UTTAR PRADESH J Zool 46(9):361–366 Tables Table 1. Weekly meteorological parameters recorded during the experimental period (from 52 nd SMW to 15 th SMW) at Research Farm during Rabi [2023–2024] SMW Temperature (°C) Relative Humidity (%) Rainfall (mm) Windspeed (Km/hr) Sunshine (hrs) Max. Min. Max. Min. 52 18 7.45 94.26 70.63 0.05 2.68 2.55 1 12.4 6.6 95 85.9 0 3.1 5.7 2 11.8 6.4 94.3 78.3 0 2.9 7.4 3 13.1 5.6 94.6 78.9 0 3.2 7 4 14.1 5.6 93.6 75 0 4.9 3.5 5 17.70 9.00 93.40 72.90 1.30 5.10 1.90 6 20.20 3.50 93.50 54.40 0.00 5.30 8.70 7 23.30 5.60 94.00 54.10 0.00 4.40 7.10 8 22.80 7.50 89.30 47.00 0.10 10.10 9.60 9 22.00 9.90 85.40 54.70 8.00 8.40 6.40 10 23.20 7.50 91.10 55.60 0.00 6.00 9.10 11 26.90 8.90 91.70 52.90 0.00 6.40 9.40 12 29.71 13.80 91.40 49.50 0.00 7.41 9.83 13 30.54 16.50 87.10 52.13 2.00 6.54 5.30 14 32.90 12.85 90.40 33.04 0.00 7.60 10.04 15 34.20 16.50 79.00 34.30 0.00 5.50 10.10 SMW = Standard Meteorological Week Table 2. Effect of dates of sowing and varieties of mustard on aphid intensity and their amalgamation Treatments SMW 52 SMW 1 SMW 2 SMW 3 SMW 4 SMW 5 SMW 6 SMW 7 SMW 8 SMW 9 SMW 10 SMW 11 SMW 12 SMW 13 SMW 14 SMW 15 Sowing Dates D 1 (15 th Oct.) 0.200 a 4.440 a 6.787 b 10.547 b 13.013 b 18.013 b 28.16 b 113.173 c 99.200 c 84.596 c 71.380 c 57.559 c 32.313 c 0.000 c 0.000 c 0.00 b D 2 (30 th Oct.) 0.107 ab 4.267 a 8.293 a 11.733 a 13.693 a 20.293 a 34.84 a 119.827 b 136.560 b 115.108 b 92.507 b 64.427 b 39.053 b 17.707 b 6.347 b 0.00 b D 3 (15 th Nov.) 0.000 b 1.000 b 3.373 c 8.640 c 11.253 c 16.307 c 35.76 a 122.893 a 139.987 a 150.427 a 129.453 a 86.880 a 62.773 a 28.587 a 11.720 a 2.28 a CD (P = 0.05) 0.126 0.209 0.4 0.247 0.374 0.548 1.434 2.122 2.723 4.623 2.831 2.488 1.904 1.024 0.428 0.223 SEM 0.043 0.072 0.138 0.085 0.129 0.189 0.495 0.732 0.94 1.596 0.977 0.859 0.657 0.354 0.148 0.077 Treatments SMW 52 SMW 1 SMW 2 SMW 3 SMW 4 SMW 5 SMW 6 SMW 7 SMW 8 SMW 9 SMW 10 SMW 11 SMW 12 SMW 13 SMW 14 SMW 15 Variety GSC-07(V 1 ) 0.156 5.022 b 8.289 b 13.311 b 16.133 b 23.178 b 44.067 b 177.356 b 179.156 b 168.771 b 144.022 b 99.342 b 62.789 b 22.156 b 9.311 b 1.200 b Laxmi-846(V 2 ) 0.089 4.511 c 7.356 c 11.956 c 14.511 c 20.556 c 37.178 c 166.867 c 167.378 c 153.067 c 128.533 c 93.711 c 55.956 c 17.267 c 7.422 c 0.644 c Durgamani(V 3 ) 0.022 0.533 d 2.133 e 5.244 e 6.667 e 9.022 e 12.444 e 26.044 e 28.644 e 27.378 d 20.189 e 12.600 e 6.822 e 2.467 d 0.067 d 0.000 d Gujarat Mustard-2(V 4 ) 0.200 5.511 a 9.800 a 14.956 a 17.489 a 26.800 a 53.911 a 186.244 a 216.667 a 201.987 a 169.000 a 121.400 a 86.733 a 31.600 a 12.933 a 1.956 a RH-119(V 5 ) 0.044 0.600 d 3.178 d 6.067 d 8.467 d 11.467 d 17.000 d 36.644 d 34.400 d 32.349 d 27.156 d 21.057 d 11.267 d 3.667 d 0.378 d 0.000 d CD (P = 0.05) NS 0.269 0.517 0.318 0.483 0.708 1.852 2.739 3.515 5.968 3.655 3.212 2.458 1.322 0.553 0.288 SEM 0.056 0.093 0.178 0.11 0.167 0.244 0.639 0.946 1.213 2.06 1.262 1.109 0.849 0.456 0.191 0.1 Sowing Date × Variety SMW 52 SMW 1 SMW 2 SMW 3 SMW 4 SMW 5 SMW 6 SMW 7 SMW 8 SMW 9 SMW 10 SMW 11 SMW 12 SMW 13 SMW 14 SMW 15 D 1 V 1 0.267 6.667 c 9.600 c 13.400 16.733 23.267 d 39.000 d 170.267 de 149.267 f 123.933 f 107.333 f 87.293 ef 48.033 f 0.000 i 0.000 g 0.000 d D 1 V 2 0.200 6.400 cd 8.133 d 12.333 15.067 20.333 e 29.800 e 161.933 f 147.067 f 120.667 f 102.133 f 86.133 f 45.867 f 0.000 i 0.000 g 0.000 d D 1 V 3 0.067 0.800 gh 2.600 hi 5.600 6.800 8.267 i 11.533 h 24.333 i 17.267 i 14.467 j 8.167 k 2.800 k 0.000 j 0.000 i 0.000 g 0.000 d D 1 V 4 0.333 7.400 a 10.200 bc 15.333 17.600 26.467 b 44.333 bc 174.933 cd 160.133 e 143.933 e 121.667 e 97.333 d 62.800 d 0.000 i 0.000 g 0.000 d D 1 V 5 0.133 1.200 fg 3.400 fgh 6.067 8.867 11.733 g 16.133 fg 34.400 h 22.267 i 19.980 ij 17.600 j 14.237 j 4.867 i 0.000 i 0.000 g 0.000 d D 2 V 1 0.200 6.800 bc 11.000 b 15.000 16.933 25.200 c 46.267 b 178.933 bc 190.867 c 167.513 d 133.400 d 92.600 de 53.533 e 25.067 e 10.267 d 0.000 d D 2 V 2 0.067 6.133 d 10.333 bc 13.533 15.667 23.133 d 40.533 d 167.467 e 175.733 d 144.267 e 120.733 e 89.600 ef 49.200 f 21.133 f 8.533 e 0.000 d D 2 V 3 0.000 0.667 hi 2.800 ghi 6.667 7.800 10.200 h 12.800 h 25.867 i 33.600 h 28.333 i 21.400 ij 14.933 ij 8.533 hi 3.133 h 0.000 g 0.000 d D 2 V 4 0.267 7.400 a 13.400 a 16.067 18.733 30.467 a 57.200 a 190.667 a 244.200 a 205.227 b 159.867 c 103.733 c 70.067 c 33.933 c 12.933 c 0.000 d D 2 V 5 0.000 0.333 ij 3.933 f 7.400 9.333 12.467 g 17.400 f 36.200 gh 38.400 gh 30.200 hi 27.133 hi 21.267 h 13.933 g 5.267 gh 0.000 g 0.000 d D 3 V 1 0.000 1.600 ef 4.267 f 11.533 14.733 d 21.067 e 46.933 b 182.867 b 197.333 b 214.867 b 191.333 b 118.133 b 86.800 b 41.400 b 17.667 b 3.600 b D 3 V 2 0.000 1.000 gh 3.600 fg 10.000 12.800 18.200 f 41.200 cd 171.200 de 179.333 d 194.267 c 162.733 c 105.400 c 72.800 c 30.667 d 13.733 c 1.933 c D 3 V 3 0.000 0.133 j 1.000 j 3.467 5.400 8.600 i 13.000 gh 27.933 i 35.067 h 39.333 gh 31.000 gh 20.067 hi 11.933 gh 4.267 gh 0.200 fg 0.000 d D 3 V 4 0.000 2.000 e 5.800 e 13.467 16.133 23.467 d 60.200 a 193.133 a 245.667 a 256.800 a 225.467 a 163.133 a 127.333 a 60.867 a 25.867 a 5.867 a D 3 V 5 0.000 0.267 ij 2.200 i 4.733 7.200 10.200 h 17.467 f 39.333 g 42.533 g 46.867 g 36.733 g 27.667 g 15.000 g 5.733 g 1.133 f 0.000 d CD (P = 0.05) NS 0.467 0.895 NS NS 1.226 3.207 4.744 6.088 10.336 6.331 5.564 4.258 2.29 0.958 0.499 SEM 0.097 0.161 0.309 0.19 0.289 0.423 1.107 1.638 2.102 3.568 2.185 1.921 1.47 0.791 0.331 0.172 CV 164.62 8.623 8.7 3.2 3.952 4.026 5.825 2.391 2.906 5.295 3.871 4.778 5.694 8.873 9.509 39.285 Values in a column having different letter (s) differ significantly at 5% level of probability according to CD, NS, not significant, P < 0.05 by analysis of variance with randomized complete block Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 26 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 23 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 23 Mar, 2026 Reviews received at journal 21 Mar, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 17 Mar, 2026 Reviewers invited by journal 17 Mar, 2026 Editor assigned by journal 30 Dec, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 30 Dec, 2025 First submitted to journal 24 Dec, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8442283","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":607977009,"identity":"dd08ae6e-888a-4f7d-9c04-9cd810ca0dec","order_by":0,"name":"Insha Muzaffar Insha Muzaffar","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lovely Professional University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Insha","middleName":"Muzaffar Insha","lastName":"Muzaffar","suffix":""},{"id":607977010,"identity":"0248789e-ecd9-4e1c-a299-965f3a9a63e7","order_by":1,"name":"Shimpy Sarkar Shimpy Sarkar","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA3UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCcYGIGnDw8YOog0siNaSJsPPcwCkRYIYLWDykI3kjAQEFy+Qn93curmw7QCPwc3nVzf8KJBg4G/vTsCrxeDOwbbbM9vu8Bjczim72QN0mMSZsxvwa5FIbLvN2/YMpCXtBg9Qi4FELn4t8jPAWg4DHXYm7eYfYrQw3IBqkZzBfuw2UbYYgLTMOJfGw8+Tw3ZbxkCCh6Bf5GekP7tdUGZjz8Z+/NnNN39s5Pjbewk4DAiYGdlAFI8BmCSoHKyF4Q+IYn9AlOpRMApGwSgYeQAApr5L0MrXxX0AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"","institution":"Lovely Professional University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Shimpy","middleName":"Sarkar Shimpy","lastName":"Sarkar","suffix":""},{"id":607977011,"identity":"4080c6d3-87e8-44c1-b271-a7dabf577577","order_by":2,"name":"Arshdeep Singh Arshdeep Singh","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Lovely Professional University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Arshdeep","middleName":"Singh Arshdeep","lastName":"Singh","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-12-24 11:38:13","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8442283/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8442283/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":104979664,"identity":"5abe4558-0805-4d3f-a731-0f5e082bce11","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-19 13:01:04","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":57989,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBox plot showing the distribution of aphid population under early, mid, and late sowing\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8442283/v1/079c38e9eb54907fc537976e.jpg"},{"id":104979658,"identity":"23b09af5-f60b-4de4-a14e-d9c04f6af8c3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-19 13:01:04","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":73230,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eBox plot showing aphid population distribution across mustard varieties\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8442283/v1/5d71e9a2d81c714e702d96f9.jpg"},{"id":104979666,"identity":"8d737eef-b680-4a99-9a17-3c528ddd54b8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-19 13:01:04","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":102585,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eInteraction effect of sowing time and mustard variety on mean aphid population observed across Standard Meteorological Weeks.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8442283/v1/9f21c3749f63918962efb518.jpg"},{"id":104979659,"identity":"88c8385e-c565-4c9f-81d9-b80e445c3b81","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-19 13:01:04","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":90601,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003ePrincipal Component Analysis (PCA) biplot showing the relationship between aphid population and Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs). The length of the arrows represents the strength of each SMW’s contribution to total variation, while their direction indicates the degree of association among SMWs—arrows pointing in similar directions denote positive correlation, and those in opposite directions indicate negative correlation.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8442283/v1/57266b385e3e72167cdc37b1.jpg"},{"id":105035390,"identity":"a06f4fe1-0184-4f64-a33b-0c75a47c9869","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-03-20 07:25:59","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1777249,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8442283/v1/b70c53b6-cd59-453a-99ee-01f3203e4928.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eDecoding Aphid Outbreaks: Impact of sowing windows and mustard varietal diversity on the population fluctuations of Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi)\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eRapeseed (\u003cem\u003eBrassica spp.)\u003c/em\u003e is a major oilseed crop cultivated globally for edible oil, vegetables, condiments, medicinal uses, and various bio-industrial purposes, ranking third in production after soybean and palm oil. In India, Brassica species cover about 6.13\u0026nbsp;million hectares with a production of 7.38\u0026nbsp;million tonnes. Among these, Brassica \u003cem\u003ejuncea\u003c/em\u003e (L.) Czern \u0026amp; Coss. is the predominant species, accounting for over 90% of the cultivated area (A.S.G, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Directorate of Economics \u0026amp; Statistics, 2019). Mustard holds the second position among edible oilseeds in India after groundnut, contributing nearly 27.8% to the national oilseed economy. However, the average productivity of mustard in India (1511 kg/ha) remains lower than the global average (1980 kg/ha), representing only about three-fourths of the world\u0026rsquo;s productivity, much lower compared to countries such as Sweden, Canada, Germany, and the United Kingdom (Dhillon et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmong the several factors contributing to low productivity, insect pests are particularly important. Nearly three dozen insect species attack rapeseed\u0026ndash;mustard, but the mustard aphid (\u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e Kalt.) is considered the most serious. The aphids' ability to feed on phloem sap and their capacity for rapid reproduction have made them a significant yield-reducing factor worldwide, which causes the plant to grow more slowly, produce fewer seeds, and have a lower oil content (Dhillon et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e poses a major constraint to mustard production, with reported yield losses varying from 35.4% to as high as 96% under favorable conditions, along with a concomitant decline of 5\u0026ndash;6% in seed oil content (Geethanjali et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Abiotic factors significantly influence aphid infestation, as variation in sowing dates affect the initiation and progression of population build-up under favorable weather conditions (Narjary et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e). The period of sowing exerts a critical influence on the level of aphid infestation. Several studies have demonstrated that early planting facilitates the crop in escaping the peak activity of aphids, thereby substantially minimizing yield losses (Kumar et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). Early-sown crops generally establish vigorous growth and exhibit greater tolerance, whereas delayed sowing often coincides with severe aphid colonization during sensitive phenological stages such as flowering and pod formation, which are decisive for seed development (Chattopadhyay et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2005\u003c/span\u003e; Sanp et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). In addition to sowing dates, host plant resistance among mustard varieties serves as an essential factor in reducing aphid-induced yield reduction. While complete immunity has not been identified in any variety, several genotypes demonstrate moderate to high levels of tolerance, which can be ascribed to specific morphological attributes or underlying biochemical mechanisms (Bhat \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e.,2004; Tripathi \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e.,2025). Thus, examining the interactive effects of sowing dates and genotypic variation on the population dynamics of \u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e is imperative, not only for identifying resistant sources and understanding pest ecology, but also for developing eco-friendly and cost-effective management strategies to mitigate yield and oil losses in mustard cultivation. These investigations will improve decision support for efficient \u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e management and have consequences for the production of sustainable rapeseed and mustard.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eA field experiment was carried out during the Rabi season of 2023\u0026ndash;24 at the Research Farm of Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. The trial was arranged in a Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors and three replications. The treatments comprised of three dates of sowing treated as a main factor and five different varieties treated as sub-factor. Five varieties namely GSC-07 (V\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e), Laxmi-846 (V\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e), Durgamani (V\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e), Gujarat Mustard-2 (V\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) and RH-119 (V\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e) were sown at three planting dates, early (15th October), mid (30th October) and late (15th November). A total of 45 plots were established, each with a net plot size of 5 \u0026times; 4 m\u0026sup2;. The crop was sown at a row spacing of 30 cm and plant spacing of 10 cm, using a seed rate of 4\u0026ndash;6 kg ha⁻\u0026sup1; at a depth of 3\u0026ndash;4 cm.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard agronomic practices and intercultural operations, including gap filling, thinning, and hand weeding, were carried out in the experimental plots. The crop was maintained under natural infestation conditions, without any insecticidal intervention. Monitoring of mustard aphid infestation commenced three weeks after germination and continued until crop maturity. Observations on aphid appearance and subsequent population dynamics were recorded at weekly intervals from the 10 cm terminal portion of the central shoot of five randomly selected plants in each plot and the data were averaged to obtain mean values.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical Analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData on aphid population were recorded from five randomly selected plants per plot during each observation. The mean values thus obtained were subjected to statistical analysis to determine the effects of sowing dates, varieties, and their interactions on the population dynamics of \u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e (Kalt.). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) following the procedures described by Panse and Sukhatme (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1957\u003c/span\u003e). The significance of differences among treatment means was tested using the Critical Difference (CD) test at the 5% level of probability (P\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.05). Pooled analysis over the Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs) was conducted to obtain a comprehensive understanding of treatment effects and to draw logical inferences about the influence of environmental and varietal factors. Where necessary, data were transformed to stabilize variances before analysis. To further explore multivariate relationships, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was carried out using GRAPES software to identify and visualize the major components contributing to the variability in aphid population across sowing dates, varieties, and meteorological weeks. The PCA biplot helped in understanding the degree of association among variables and the clustering pattern of treatments based on aphid infestation intensity.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe seasonal incidence of mustard aphid, \u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e, showed marked variation across sowing dates and varieties, reflecting the combined influence of crop phenology, prevailing weather, and host plant characteristics. Early and late-sown crops presented contrasting environments for aphid multiplication, while genotypic differences further contributed to variability in infestation levels. The following results are presented under three headings: effect of sowing dates, effect of varieties, and their interaction, to provide a clear understanding of treatment influences on aphid population dynamics.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEffect of sowing dates on aphid population\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSowing date exerted a significant influence on the population build-up of \u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e. Aphid infestation increased consistently with delayed sowing (Fig.1). Aphids appeared during the 52\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e SMW (late December) in the early (D\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) and mid-sown crop (D\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) and during the 1\u003csup\u003est\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eSMW (early January) in the late-sown one (D\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e). Late-sown crops (D\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) exhibited the highest aphid infestation with the population peaking during the 8\u003csup\u003eth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eSMW (139.987) and 9\u003csup\u003eth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eSMW (150.427) followed by mid-sown crops (D\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) with the population peaking during the 8\u003csup\u003eth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eSMW (136.560). On the other hand, the lowest aphid counts were recorded in D\u003csub\u003e1\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003esowing with the population peaking during the 7\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW (113.173) before declining sharply. In the early sown crop (D\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e), the initial incidence of mustard aphid (\u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e Kalt.) was recorded in the 52\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e SMW with a very low population of 0.200 aphids per 10 cm central twig, indicating the onset of infestation at the vegetative stage of the crop. The aphid population showed a gradual and continuous increase from the 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e to the 7\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW, attaining its peak density of 113.173 aphids per 10 cm twig during the 7\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW when the crop was at the flowering stage. Thereafter, the population started declining steadily from the 8\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e to the 12\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW (Table 2). attributed to the senescence of the crop and the dispersal of aphids to other host plants. The mid-sown crop (D\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) recorded a higher and more sustained aphid infestation than the early-sown crop (D\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e). The initial appearance of \u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e was observed during the 52\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e SMW (0.107), and the population gradually increased, reaching its maximum density (136.560) during the 8\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW. Thereafter, the aphid population showed a gradual decline but persisted up to the 14\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW (6.347). In contrast, the early-sown crop (D\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) matured earlier, leading to a reduction in the availability of succulent plant parts suitable for aphid feeding. Consequently, the aphid population in the early-sown crop (D\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) declined sharply after the 7\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW and completely disappeared by the 13\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW. The longer persistence of aphids in the mid-sown crop (D\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) is therefore associated with the delayed maturity and prolonged availability of tender plant tissues, coupled with favorable temperature and humidity during the 8\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e to 12\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMWs. In the late-sown crop (D\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e), the initial incidence of mustard aphid (\u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e Kalt.) was recorded during the 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e SMW. The aphid population increased progressively, attaining its peak during the 9\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW (150.427), followed by slightly lower populations in the 8\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW (139.987). The intensity of infestation was the highest in the late-sown crop (D\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) compared to both early (D\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) and mid-sown (D\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) crops. This may be attributed to the coincidence of the crop\u0026rsquo;s flowering and pod formation stages with the period of congenial weather conditions, such as moderate temperature and relatively high humidity, during the 7\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e to 9\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMWs. Thereafter, the aphid population declined gradually from the 10\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW (129.453) onwards but continued to persist up to the 15\u003csup\u003eth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eSMW (2.28). The prolonged survival of aphids in the late-sown crop (D\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) was likely due to the delayed crop maturity and extended availability of tender plant tissues favorable for feeding and multiplication. Similar findings were reported by (Patel and Singh, 2018), who observed that late-maturing mustard crops supported aphid populations for a longer duration due to extended availability of suitable host stages. Early sowing thus allowed the crop to escape the peak period of aphid multiplication, while delayed sowing coincided with congenial weather conditions, leading to greater infestation. These results suggest that early sowing allowed the crop to escape the peak aphid multiplication period, whereas delayed sowing coincided with congenial weather conditions, thus favouring pest proliferation. The current findings are in line with previous results (Mishra and Gaurav, 2022), who reported reduced aphid incidence in early-sown mustard. These observations confirm the importance of sowing time in pest avoidance. However, irrespective of sowing window, genotypic differences also played a critical role, as described below. During the course of the investigation, meteorological parameters such as maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity (maximum and minimum), rainfall, wind speed, and sunshine hours were recorded weekly across the 52\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e to 15\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMWs (Table 1). The data revealed considerable fluctuations in temperature and humidity, which coincided with the changing trend of aphid population on mustard. Such variations in weather conditions played a significant role in determining the onset, build-up, and decline of aphid infestation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eEffect of varieties on aphid population\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe tested varieties exhibited significant differences in their susceptibility to aphid infestation. The infestation of mustard aphid (\u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e Kalt.) was observed on all the tested varieties beginning from the 52\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e SMW. The mean aphid population varied significantly among the varieties throughout the cropping period. The highest population (216.667) was recorded on Gujarat Mustard-2(V\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) (Fig.2), which was followed by GSC-07(V\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) (179.156) and Laxmi-846(V\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) (167.378). The peak infestation (216.667) in Gujarat Mustard-2(V\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) was observed during the 8th SMW, indicating its high susceptibility to aphid attack under prevailing weather conditions. GSC-07(V\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) and Laxmi-846(V\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) also exhibited a similar trend but with comparatively lower mean populations. The \u003cstrong\u003elowest aphid population\u003c/strong\u003e was consistently recorded on \u003cem\u003eDurgamani\u003c/em\u003e(V\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) across all SMWs. In this variety, the population attained its \u003cstrong\u003epeak (28.644) during the 8\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW\u003c/strong\u003e, which, however, remained \u003cstrong\u003esignificantly lower\u003c/strong\u003e than that observed on the other varieties. Thereafter, the aphid population in \u003cem\u003eDurgamani (V\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003edeclined gradually from the 9\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eand\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cstrong\u003ecompletely disappeared by the 15\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e.A \u003cstrong\u003esimilar trend\u003c/strong\u003e was observed in \u003cem\u003eRH-119(V\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e, wherein the aphid population peaked (36.644) around the 7\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW and started declining thereafter. However, \u003cem\u003eRH-119(V\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eharbored comparatively higher populations\u003c/strong\u003e than \u003cem\u003eDurgamani(V\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/em\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ethroughout the observation period (Table 2). The comparatively lower population in Durgamani(V\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) and RH-119(V\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e) suggests their relative tolerance or resistance to aphid infestation which\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003emay be attributed to their inherent \u003cstrong\u003emorphological or biochemical traits\u003c/strong\u003e, which possibly make these varieties \u003cstrong\u003eless conducive for aphid multiplication and feeding\u003c/strong\u003e under the present field conditions (Samal \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e.,2021). \u0026nbsp;These findings are consistent with the reports of (Chand \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e.,2023; Sinha \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2024), who demonstrated that varietal resistance offers a sustainable means of aphid management. The varietal resistance may be attributed to morphological and biochemical traits such as thicker cuticle layers, higher glucosinolate contents, and reduced phloem sap palatability that adversely affect aphid colonization and feeding rates (Chandrakumara \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e.,2023; Loitongbam \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e.,2024). Since both sowing date and variety significantly affected aphid infestation individually, their combined effect was further examined.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eInteraction effect of sowing dates and varieties\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA significant interaction between date of sowing and variety was observed with respect to aphid population (Fig.3). The data (Table 2) indicated that the \u003cstrong\u003elate-sown crop of Gujarat-Mustard 2 (D₃V₄)\u003c/strong\u003e recorded the \u003cstrong\u003ehighest aphid infestation (256.800)\u003c/strong\u003e among all combinations, reaching its \u003cstrong\u003epeak during the 9th SMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u003c/strong\u003e Similar trends were evident for the other sowing dates, where \u003cstrong\u003evariety V₄ (Gujarat-Mustard 2)\u003c/strong\u003e consistently maintained higher aphid populations compared to the rest. Varieties \u003cstrong\u003eV₁ (GSC-07)\u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003eV₂ (Laxmi-846)\u003c/strong\u003e followed Gujarat-Mustard 2(V\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) in infestation intensity across all sowing dates. Conversely, the \u003cstrong\u003elowest (0.067) aphid population\u003c/strong\u003e was recorded in \u003cstrong\u003eD₁V₃ (early-sown Durgamani)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e,\u003c/strong\u003e followed by \u003cstrong\u003eD₁V₅ (early-sown RH-119) (0.133)\u003c/strong\u003e, suggesting their \u003cstrong\u003ecomparative tolerance\u003c/strong\u003e to aphid attack under early-sown conditions. These results imply that \u003cstrong\u003elate sowing enhanced aphid susceptibility\u003c/strong\u003e, particularly in \u003cstrong\u003ehighly susceptible genotypes\u003c/strong\u003e such as Gujarat- Mustard 2, whereas \u003cstrong\u003eearly sowing\u003c/strong\u003e coupled with \u003cstrong\u003etolerant varieties\u003c/strong\u003e reduced infestation levels. This indicates that varietal performance is influenced by sowing window, and the right combination can effectively minimize aphid incidence. Such interactions were also reported by (Khan and Jha,2010; Ahlawat \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e., 2021), who observed that delayed sowing exposed the crop to favorable temperature and humidity regimes for aphid multiplication, thereby intensifying infestation in susceptible genotypes, highlighting that both agronomic and genetic factors must be considered simultaneously in aphid management. The combined evidence from sowing date, varietal differences, and their interaction emphasizes that integration of cultural practices with host plant resistance can serve as an effective, eco-friendly approach to suppress aphid infestation in mustard.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ePrincipal Component Analysis (PCA)\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ePrincipal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to analyse the relationship between aphid population and Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs) across different sowing dates and mustard varieties. The PCA biplot (Fig.4) provides a visual summary of the variation explained by the first two principal components (PC₁ and PC₂). The centre of the biplot represents the origin, indicating neutral association, whereas points positioned nearer to the circumference exhibit stronger correlations with the principal components. The \u003cstrong\u003elength of the arrows\u003c/strong\u003e signifies the magnitude of each SMW\u0026rsquo;s contribution to the overall variation, while their \u003cstrong\u003edirection\u003c/strong\u003e depicts the nature of association. Arrows pointing in similar directions represent positively correlated SMWs, whereas those oriented oppositely reflect negative associations. The clustering pattern of SMWs revealed that those corresponding to the peak aphid infestation period (around 7ᵗʰ to 9ᵗʰ SMW) showed strong association with PC₁, indicating their major role in influencing population dynamics. In contrast, early (52\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e - 1ˢᵗ SMW) and late (12ᵗʰ -15ᵗʰ SMW) periods were positioned closer to the origin, suggesting minimal contribution to overall variability. The PCA thus effectively differentiated critical infestation phases and validated the seasonal influence of meteorological conditions on aphid build-up. It also revealed the clear temporal segregation of weeks based on aphid incidence. The vectors corresponding to the \u003cstrong\u003e8\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e and 9\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMWs\u003c/strong\u003e were closely aligned with the positive side of PC₁, indicating that these weeks contributed most strongly to the \u003cstrong\u003epeak aphid population period\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eIn contrast, the vectors representing the \u003cstrong\u003e52\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e, 1\u003csup\u003est\u003c/sup\u003e, and 2\u003csup\u003end\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eSMWs\u003c/strong\u003e were oriented along a different axis, reflecting the \u003cstrong\u003einitial phase of aphid colonization\u003c/strong\u003e with lower population densities. The \u003cstrong\u003elater weeks (13\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e to 15\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMWs)\u003c/strong\u003e showed negative loading values, indicating the \u003cstrong\u003edeclining phase\u003c/strong\u003e of aphid infestation as the crop approached maturity and environmental conditions became less favorable for aphid multiplication. Thus, the PCA clearly differentiated the \u003cstrong\u003eonset, build-up, and decline\u003c/strong\u003e phases of aphid infestation during the crop season, demonstrating that maximum variation in aphid abundance occurred during the 7\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e to 9\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMWs. Similar use of PCA has been reported in mustard aphid research to summarize multivariate relationships between infestation levels, weather parameters, and genotypic traits. \u003cstrong\u003eShukla \u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2023)\u003c/strong\u003e used PCA and PLSR to distinguish aphid-infested and healthy mustard crops using hyperspectral data. Furthermore, JAMES \u003cstrong\u003e\u003cem\u003eet al\u003c/em\u003e. (2024)\u003c/strong\u003e applied PCA in the evaluation of yield and aphid resistance of Indian mustard genotypes under acidic soil conditions of Meghalaya, identifying distinct genotype clusters based on resistance indices and yield traits. Collectively, these findings substantiate the present PCA results, confirming that principal component analysis is a robust tool to decipher key temporal and varietal factors influencing mustard aphid dynamics.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eOverall, the study revealed that sowing time and varietal selection significantly influenced mustard aphid (\u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e Kalt.) incidence. Early-sown crops (D₁) recorded the lowest aphid population, while late-sown crops (D₃) had the highest, coinciding with favourable weather for aphid build-up. Among varieties, Gujarat-Mustard 2(V\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) showed maximum infestation, whereas Durgamani(V\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) and RH-119(V\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e) were relatively tolerant. The late-sown Gujarat-Mustard 2 (D₃V₄) combination exhibited the highest aphid density, highlighting the effect of sowing\u0026ndash;variety interaction. These findings underscore the importance of optimizing sowing windows and selecting tolerant varieties as integral components of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in mustard ecosystems. Adoption of early sowing schedules, coupled with tolerant cultivars, can substantially suppress aphid incidence, reduce the need for chemical interventions, and promote environmentally sustainable and economically viable mustard production systems under changing climatic conditions.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eWe confirm that all the authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Furthermore, we affirm that the manuscript has not been published elsewhere, in whole or in part, and is not currently under consideration by any other journal. We also confirm the following:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; No funds, grants, or other support was received.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; The authors declare that they have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; We also confirm that there are no competing interests related to the content of this article.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; All authors certify that they have no affiliations with, or involvement in, any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026bull; Additionally, the authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material presented in this article.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors. All procedures involving fieldwork and data collection compiled with relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation were applicable, permission was obtained from relevant authorities to conduct the research.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial number\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eWe confirm that all the authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Furthermore, we affirm that the manuscript has not been published elsewhere, in whole or in part, and is not currently under consideration by any other journal. We also confirm the following:- No funds, grants, or other support was received.- The authors declare that they have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.- We also confirm that there are no competing interests related to the content of this article.- All authors certify that they have no affiliations with, or involvement in, any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.- Additionally, the authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material presented in this article.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAhlawat DS, Kumar D, Punia R (2021) Population dynamics of mustard aphid, \u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e on Brassica crop in relation to abiotic factors and sowing date. 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Crop Prot 24(12):1042\u0026ndash;1053\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChand A, Khinchi SK, Redhu M, Choudhary R, Choudhary A, Nayak RK (2023) Screening of Mustard Varieties for Resistance against Mustard Aphid,(Kaltenbach). Int J Environ Clim Change 13(9):3475\u0026ndash;3480\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChandrakumara K, Dhillon MK, Tanwar AK, Singh N (2023) Phytochemicals in \u003cem\u003eBrassica juncea\u003c/em\u003e distressing developmental and reproductive biology of mustard aphid (\u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e). Indian J Agricultural Sci 93(10):1139\u0026ndash;1143\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDirectorate of Economics \u0026amp; Statistics, Ministry of Agriculture \u0026amp; Farmers Welfare, Govt. of India. (2019). \u003cem\u003eAgricultural Statistics at a Glance 2019\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDhillon MK, Singh N, Yadava DK (2022) Preventable yield losses and management of mustard aphid, \u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e (Kaltenbach) in different cultivars of Brassica juncea (L. Coss Crop Prot 161:106070Czern\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGeethanjali L, Singh B, Tiwari A (2024) A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW ON HOLISTIC APPROACHES FOR MANAGING MUSTARD APHID, \u003cem\u003eLIPAPHIS ERYSIMI\u003c/em\u003e (KALT). Plant Archives (09725210), 24(2)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eJAMES M, AHMAD F, YADAV, R., MONDAL HA (2024) Evaluation of yield and aphid resistance of Indian mustard (\u003cem\u003eBrassica juncea)\u003c/em\u003e accessions under acidic soil of Meghalaya. Indian J Agricultural Sci, (12), 1385\u0026ndash;1388\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKhan SA, Jha S (2010) Effect of dates of sowing, moisture regimes, varieties and weather factors on incidences of aphid, \u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e (Kalt.) in rape and mustard\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKumar A, Mishra MK, Pandey R, Singh AK, Singh BK, Singh SK (2024) Population dynamics of mustard aphid in relation to weather parameters and effect of predators on aphid population. Indian J Ecol 51(2):397\u0026ndash;400\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLoitongbam A, Samal NK, Kumar NR, Kumar S, Annamalai M, Kundu A, Bhattacharya R (2024) Differential regulation of glucosinolate-myrosinase mediated defense determines host-aphid interaction in Indian mustard \u003cem\u003eBrassica juncea\u003c/em\u003e L. Mol Biol Rep 51(1):1079\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMishra M, Gaurav K (2022) Management of mustard aphid (Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.)) by manipulating sowing dates. J Pharm Negat Results Special Issue 13(9):8489\u0026ndash;8498\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNarjary B, Adak T, Meena MD, Chakravarty NVK (2013) Population dynamics of mustard aphid in relation to humid thermal ratio and growing degree days. J Agricultural Phys 13(1):39\u0026ndash;47\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003ePatel S, Singh CP (2018) Seasonal and temporal variation in population of mustard aphid, \u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e (Kalt.) on different species of rapeseed-mustard in relation to weather parameters. J Pharmacognosy Phytochemistry 7(4):2019\u0026ndash;2025\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSamal I, Dhillon MK, Singh N (2021) Biological performance and biochemical interactions of mustard aphid (\u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e) in \u003cem\u003eBrassica juncea\u003c/em\u003e. Indian J Agric Sci 91(9):1347\u0026ndash;1352\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSanp RK, Singh V, Yadav VS, A. K., Yadav R, R. Y (2016) Effect of different sowing dates on the mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eShukla KK, Nigam R, Birah A, Kanojia AK, Kumar A, Bhattacharya BK, Chander S (2023) Detection of aphid-infested mustard crop using ground spectroscopy. Remote Sens 16(1):47\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSinha S, Shukla A, Singh Y (2024) Comprehensive Assessment of Aphid (\u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e (Kalt.) Resistance in Mustard Cultivars. J Adv Biology Biotechnol 27(1):39\u0026ndash;45\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSukhatme PV (1957) Statistical methods for agricultural workers. Indian Council of Agricultural Research\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTripathi P, Singh RS, Singh D, Maurya C, Kumar S, Singh M, Rao YD (2025) Assessment of Morphological and Physiological Traits Associated with Mustard Aphid Resistance in Brassica Genotypes. UTTAR PRADESH J Zool 46(9):361\u0026ndash;366\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1.\u003c/strong\u003e Weekly meteorological parameters recorded during the experimental period (from 52\u003csup\u003end\u003c/sup\u003e SMW to 15\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e SMW) at Research Farm during Rabi [2023\u0026ndash;2024]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"\" width=\"959\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 188px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTemperature\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(\u0026deg;C)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 202px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRelative Humidity (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eRainfall\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(mm)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWindspeed\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(Km/hr)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSunshine\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e(hrs)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMax.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMin.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMax.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMin.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.45\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94.26\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.63\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.05\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.68\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.55\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e75\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e85.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.70\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29.71\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.80\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e91.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e49.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.41\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.83\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e52.13\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.54\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.90\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.85\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e90.40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.60\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.04\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.20\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.30\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.50\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.10\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 143px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 1px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 100px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 87px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 101px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 142px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 140px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 144px;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSMW = Standard Meteorological Week\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2.\u003c/strong\u003e Effect of dates of sowing and varieties of mustard on aphid intensity\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eand their amalgamation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" align=\"\" width=\"1030\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;52\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; 10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; 11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;12\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;14\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;15\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSowing Dates\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e(15\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Oct.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.200\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.440\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.787\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.547\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.013\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.013\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.16\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e113.173\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.200\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84.596\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e71.380\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.559\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.313\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (30\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Oct.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.107\u003csup\u003eab\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.267\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.293\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.733\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.693\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.293\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.84\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119.827\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136.560\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115.108\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.507\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64.427\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.053\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.707\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.347\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e3\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sub\u003e(15\u003csup\u003eth\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003eNov.)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.373\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.640\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.253\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.307\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.76\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122.893\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139.987\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e150.427\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e129.453\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.880\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.773\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.587\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.720\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.28\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCD (P = 0.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.126\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.209\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.247\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.374\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.548\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.434\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.723\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.623\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.831\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.488\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.904\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.024\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.428\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.223\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.072\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.085\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.129\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.189\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.495\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.732\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.596\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.977\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.859\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.657\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.354\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.077\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTreatments\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;52\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;9\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; 10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; 11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; 12\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;14\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; 15\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eVariety\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGSC-07(V\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.156\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.022\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.289\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.311\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.133\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.178\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44.067\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e177.356\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e179.156\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168.771\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144.022\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99.342\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.789\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.156\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.311\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.200\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLaxmi-846(V\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.089\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.511\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.356\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.956\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.511\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.556\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.178\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e166.867\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e167.378\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153.067\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e128.533\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93.711\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e55.956\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.267\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.422\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.644\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDurgamani(V\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.022\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.533\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.133\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.244\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.667\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.022\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;12.444\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.044\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.644\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.378\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.189\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.600\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.822\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.467\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.067\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGujarat Mustard-2(V\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.511\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.800\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.956\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.489\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26.800\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.911\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e186.244\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e216.667\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e201.987\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e169.000\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121.400\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.733\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.600\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.933\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.956\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRH-119(V\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.044\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.600\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.178\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.067\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.467\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.467\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.000\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;36.644\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.400\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32.349\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.156\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.057\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.267\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.667\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.378\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCD (P = 0.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.269\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.517\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.318\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.483\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.708\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.852\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.739\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.515\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.968\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.655\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.212\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.458\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.322\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.553\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.288\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 123px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSEM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.056\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.093\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.178\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.11\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.167\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.244\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.639\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.946\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.213\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.06\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.262\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.109\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.849\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.456\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.191\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSowing Date \u0026times; Variety\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;52\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e1\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e3\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;4\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;5\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;6\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e8\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;9 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;10\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;11\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e12\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;SMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 13\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;14\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSMW\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;15\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003eV\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.267\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.667\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.600\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.400\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.733\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.267\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.000\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e170.267\u003csup\u003ede \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003csup\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149.267\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e123.933\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e107.333\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e87.293\u003csup\u003eef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48.033\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n 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5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.600\u003csup\u003ehi\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.600\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.800\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.267\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.533\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24.333\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.267\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.467\u003csup\u003ej\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n 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\u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e174.933\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160.133\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e143.933\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e121.667\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97.333\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.800\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003eV\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.200\u003csup\u003efg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.400\u003csup\u003efgh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.067\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.867\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.733\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.133\u003csup\u003efg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34.400\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.267\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19.980\u003csup\u003eij\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.600\u003csup\u003ej\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.237\u003csup\u003ej\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.867\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eV\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.800\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.000\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.933\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.200\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.267\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e178.933\u003csup\u003ebc\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190.867\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e167.513\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e133.400\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92.600\u003csup\u003ede\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53.533\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.067\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.267\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n 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5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.800\u003csup\u003eghi\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.667\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.800\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.200\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.800\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.867\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.600\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28.333\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n 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\u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eV\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.267\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.400\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.400\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.067\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.733\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.467\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.200\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e190.667\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e244.200\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e205.227\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e159.867\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103.733\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70.067\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33.933\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.933\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003eV\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.333\u003csup\u003eij\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.933\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.400\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.333\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.467\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;17.400\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.200\u003csup\u003egh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38.400\u003csup\u003egh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.200\u003csup\u003ehi\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.133\u003csup\u003ehi\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.267\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.933\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.267\u003csup\u003egh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eV\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.600\u003csup\u003eef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.267\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.533\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.733\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21.067\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.933\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e182.867\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e197.333\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e214.867\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e191.333\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e118.133\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e86.800\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.400\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.667\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.600\u003csup\u003eb\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eV\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003csup\u003egh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.600\u003csup\u003efg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.800\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.200\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41.200\u003csup\u003ecd\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171.200\u003csup\u003ede\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e179.333\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e194.267\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e162.733\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105.400\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72.800\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30.667\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.733\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.933\u003csup\u003ec\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eV\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.133\u003csup\u003ej\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003csup\u003ej\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.467\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.400\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.600\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.000\u003csup\u003egh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.933\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.067\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.333\u003csup\u003egh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31.000\u003csup\u003egh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20.067\u003csup\u003ehi\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11.933\u003csup\u003egh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.267\u003csup\u003egh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.200\u003csup\u003efg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eV\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.000\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.800\u003csup\u003ee\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13.467\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16.133\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23.467\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.200\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e193.133\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e245.667\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e256.800\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e225.467\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e163.133\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e127.333\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e60.867\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25.867\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.867\u003csup\u003ea\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eD\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eV\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.267\u003csup\u003eij\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.200\u003csup\u003ei\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.733\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7.200\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.200\u003csup\u003eh\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17.467\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.333\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42.533\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46.867\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36.733\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.667\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15.000\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.733\u003csup\u003eg\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.133\u003csup\u003ef\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003csup\u003ed\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCD (P = 0.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.467\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.895\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNS\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.226\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.207\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.744\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.088\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10.336\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.331\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.564\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.258\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.29\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.958\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.499\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;SEM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.097\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.161\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 16px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 0.309 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;0.19 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 0.289\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.423\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.107\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.638\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.102\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.568\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.185\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.921\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.47\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.791\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.331\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.172\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 11px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; CV\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;164.62\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 22px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 8.623 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; 8.7 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;3.2 \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;3.952\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.026\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.825\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.391\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2.906\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.295\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3.871\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.778\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.694\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.873\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9.509\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 5px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.285\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eValues in a column having different letter (s) differ significantly at 5% level of probability according to CD, NS, not significant, P \u0026lt; 0.05 by analysis of variance with randomized complete block\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"international-journal-of-tropical-insect-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jtis","sideBox":"Learn more about [International Journal of Tropical Insect Science](http://link.springer.com/journal/42690)","snPcode":"42690","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/jtis/default2.aspx","title":"International Journal of Tropical Insect Science","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Lipaphis erysimi, Mustard (Brassica juncea), Sowing window, Varietal resistance, Population dynamics, Standard Meteorological Weeks (SMWs), Integrated Pest Management (IPM)","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8442283/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8442283/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eMustard aphid (\u003cem\u003eLipaphis erysimi\u003c/em\u003e Kalt.) is a key insect pest of mustard, causing heavy losses by sap-sucking and transmitting viral diseases. The present study was conducted to investigate the influence of sowing dates and mustard varieties on aphid population build-up under field conditions at the research farm of Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, during the Rabi season of 2023\u0026ndash;2024. The experiment was conducted in FRBD (Factorial randomized block design) with three replications having two factors. First factor comprised of three dates of sowing: Early sowing-D\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e (15th October), Mid sowing-D\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (30th October) and Late sowing- D\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (15th November). whereas the second factor consists of five Indian mustard varieties viz; {V\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e (GSC-07), V\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e (Laxmi-846), V\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e (Durgamani), V\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e (Gujarat Mustard-2), and V\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e (RH-119)}. Aphid populations were recorded at regular intervals from initiation (52nd SMW) (Standard meteorological week) until decline (15th SMW). Results revealed significant differences among varieties and sowing dates. Early-sown crops (D\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) generally escaped severe infestation, while late-sown crops (D\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) harboured the highest aphid populations. Resistant/tolerant varieties, Durgamani(V\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003e) and RH-119 (V\u003csub\u003e5\u003c/sub\u003e) showed consistently lower infestation compared to susceptible ones Gujarat-Mustard 2 (V\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e), GSC-07 (V\u003csub\u003e1\u003c/sub\u003e) and Laxmi-846 (V\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e). The study revealed that both sowing time and varietal differences significantly affected aphid incidence. Early sowing consistently resulted in lower aphid populations, whereas delayed sowing encouraged higher infestations due to synchronization with favorable environmental conditions. Resistant varieties showed markedly lower aphid loads compared to susceptible types, suggesting the role of inherent morphological and biochemical defense mechanisms. These results highlight the importance of timely sowing and selection of tolerant varieties as vital agronomic strategies to suppress aphid incidence naturally and ensure sustainable mustard production under changing environmental conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Decoding Aphid Outbreaks: Impact of sowing windows and mustard varietal diversity on the population fluctuations of Mustard Aphid (Lipaphis erysimi)","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-03-19 13:00:54","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8442283/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-03-26T21:17:51+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-23T05:44:32+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"108223505948454881374044797948187620285","date":"2026-03-23T04:56:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-03-21T08:52:02+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"105038418956543302885443029174604726626","date":"2026-03-17T07:33:24+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2026-03-17T07:03:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-12-30T06:04:32+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-12-30T06:03:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"International Journal of Tropical Insect Science","date":"2025-12-24T11:21:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"international-journal-of-tropical-insect-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"jtis","sideBox":"Learn more about [International Journal of Tropical Insect Science](http://link.springer.com/journal/42690)","snPcode":"42690","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/jtis/default2.aspx","title":"International Journal of Tropical Insect Science","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"79445715-4bb5-42df-82d6-6b17ef771191","owner":[],"postedDate":"March 19th, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-05T06:54:02+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-03-19 13:00:54","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8442283","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8442283","identity":"rs-8442283","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}