Active Compounds (Alkaloid, Saponin, and Flavonoid) of Jatropha curcas L. Latex and Its Role in Wound Healing on Maxillofacial Trauma Treatment Wounds in Rats: A Systematic Review

Active Compounds (Alkaloid, Saponin, and Flavonoid) of Jatropha curcas L. Latex and Its Role in Wound Healing on Maxillofacial Trauma Treatment Wounds in Rats: A Systematic Review | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Systematic Review Active Compounds (Alkaloid, Saponin, and Flavonoid) of Jatropha curcas L. Latex and Its Role in Wound Healing on Maxillofacial Trauma Treatment Wounds in Rats: A Systematic Review adhe ismunandar, Endang Sjamsudin, harmas yazid yusuf, nila kasuma This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8798578/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Maxillofacial trauma surgery often faces delayed wound healing and high risk infection. Latex of J. curcas is a source of bioactive compounds like alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerative actions. Using nano-gel delivery has the potential to improve bioavailability of these compounds. Objective: To synthesize evidence found from preclinical research (rat) on J. curcas latex–based bioactive nano-gel for maxillofacial wound healing (2015–2025). Methods: Protocol registered in PROSPERO (ID: to be added). Reporting follows PRISMA 2020. Databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct (2015–2025). Eligibility : rat models of cutaneous/oral–maxillofacial wounds treated with J. curcas latex formulations (nano-gel prioritized), reporting healing outcomes. Risk of bias: SYRCLE. Results: Seven studies were identified that fulfilled the criteria of this review ; several instances showed accelerated wound contraction, epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen maturation compared to control ; report indicated the substance possessed antimicrobial properties effective against a range of disease causing microorganism ; application of nano/herbal gel consistently improved performance in comparable systems (contextual evidence). Conclusion: The findings demonstrate the potential of J. curcas latex nano-gel for healing maxillofacial wounds in rats and its clinical application needs standardized formulations and further well-designed animal studies and translational trials. Dentistry Medicinal Chemistry Jatropha curcas latex nano-gel alkaloid saponin flavonoid wound healing rats maxillofacial Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8798578","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Systematic Review","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":586450624,"identity":"0366c4c6-0d53-4eac-b4c9-af9dc069b874","order_by":0,"name":"adhe ismunandar","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABHUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCHAaGj38keNjYGxgYEgogYhIggo0hAacWxpkNNnJ8PAeAWgyI1MLM25BmLCcBUoCshQGHFv723IMPeHccTmyTfJ344YEBQ+J26eaHNxhq7Bj42LFrkTjzLtlA8gxQi3TuZgmgwxJ3zjlmbMFwLJmBjecBdnfdyDGTMGADa9kA1rLhRoKZBAPbAQY2Cey2yN/IMf+RANIieXbzD4iW9G8SDP9wazEA2sJwsC3NmE2CdxvUFqC9jG24tRieeWMs2XDGRo6NJ3ebRYKBhPGGO2eKLRL7knlw+UXueI7h5z8VEjzy7Wc33/xRYSO74Xb7xhsfvtnJybdjtwUdSEAiBaiYhyj1cF2jYBSMglEwCpABACCWX8p6qgeEAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1400-3929","institution":"Doctoral Program, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran,","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"adhe","middleName":"","lastName":"ismunandar","suffix":""},{"id":586450625,"identity":"45616aad-5c36-4693-bc67-9eb6cdb21bc7","order_by":1,"name":"Endang Sjamsudin","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9669-6465","institution":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Endang","middleName":"","lastName":"Sjamsudin","suffix":""},{"id":586450626,"identity":"7da1e771-c0d9-49f7-a27e-5e8ff83a2d2b","order_by":2,"name":"harmas yazid yusuf","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7970-1181","institution":"Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Padjadjaran","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"harmas","middleName":"yazid","lastName":"yusuf","suffix":""},{"id":586450627,"identity":"3b1ee070-d855-4c95-98d6-2ed3ef5f2e03","order_by":3,"name":"nila kasuma","email":"","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3388-0989","institution":"Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Andalas","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"nila","middleName":"","lastName":"kasuma","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2026-02-05 15:04:03","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":true,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":true},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8798578/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8798578/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":102023714,"identity":"226ca4d1-3148-424e-bf9e-57fc0d27ac1c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-02-06 09:12:44","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":482235,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"ActiveCompoundrevision.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8798578/v1_covered_96692b98-cbd1-4a61-a6e2-bd1828a2bd71.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eActive Compounds (Alkaloid, Saponin, and Flavonoid) of \u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eJatropha curcas\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e L. Latex and Its Role in Wound Healing on Maxillofacial Trauma Treatment Wounds in Rats: A Systematic Review\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Padjadjaran University","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Jatropha curcas, latex, nano-gel, alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, wound healing, rats, maxillofacial","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8798578/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8798578/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e Maxillofacial trauma surgery often faces delayed wound healing and high risk infection. Latex of \u003cem\u003eJ. curcas\u003c/em\u003e is a source of bioactive compounds like alkaloids, saponins, and flavonoids with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and pro-regenerative actions. Using nano-gel delivery has the potential to improve bioavailability of these compounds.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eObjective:\u003c/strong\u003e To synthesize evidence found from preclinical research (rat) on \u003cem\u003eJ. curcas\u003c/em\u003e latex–based bioactive \u003cstrong\u003enano-gel\u003c/strong\u003e for maxillofacial wound healing (2015–2025).\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e Protocol registered in PROSPERO (ID: to be added). Reporting follows PRISMA 2020. Databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct (2015–2025). Eligibility : rat models of cutaneous/oral–maxillofacial wounds treated with \u003cem\u003eJ. curcas\u003c/em\u003e latex formulations (nano-gel prioritized), reporting healing outcomes. Risk of bias: SYRCLE.\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Seven studies were identified that fulfilled \u0026nbsp;the criteria of this review ; several instances showed accelerated wound contraction, epithelialization, angiogenesis, and collagen maturation compared to \u0026nbsp;control ; report indicated the substance possessed antimicrobial properties effective against a range of disease causing microorganism ; application of nano/herbal gel consistently \u0026nbsp;improved performance in comparable systems (contextual evidence).\u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion:\u003c/strong\u003e The findings demonstrate the potential of \u003cem\u003eJ. curcas\u003c/em\u003e latex nano-gel \u0026nbsp;for \u0026nbsp;healing maxillofacial wounds in rats and its clinical application needs \u0026nbsp;standardized formulations and further well-designed animal studies and translational trials.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Active Compounds (Alkaloid, Saponin, and Flavonoid) of Jatropha curcas L. 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