Determination of Backlash Value in the Feed Motion System of Machine Tools Using Shallow Neural Networks

This paper presents research aimed at detecting and quantifying backlash in the feed motion subsystem of machine tools using positioning accuracy test results. By applying shallow neural networks, we not only estimate backlash magnitude but also analyse the impact of key parameters on its occurrence. This approach enables continuous, data-driven monitoring and prediction of backlash variation, while reducing machine tool calibration time in industrial settings. The experimental study followed ISO 230-2, using two standard motion methods while monitoring machine and ambient temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity. The results show how experimental parameters affect detected backlash. A feed-forward neural network predicts current backlash at specific measurement points. The results demonstrate high accuracy in backlash estimation, significantly simplifying machine calibration during maintenance and providing a foundation for real-time error compensation.