Crude Oil Spills Impact Bird Richness and Abundance Negatively in a Tropical Terrestrial Environment

Abstract The study aimed at understanding the temporal effects of crude oil spill on bird richness and abundance because of its relevance to species and biodiversity management and conservation. Using the single time design, we visited 57 points across 8 sites of varying crude oil disturbance history and 44 random adjacent points as control points. Our result showed that the impact of crude oil spills is highest at the initial stage. However, bird species richness and abundance increased over time and showed no significant difference with control points after 24 months. This information suggest that crude oil spills are detrimental to birds and humans. This research, to the best of our knowledge, is the first that focuses on the effects of crude oil spills on terrestrial bird species in a tropical environment. Thus, we suggest longer monitoring assessments with special attention to the various feeding guilds to ensure proper ecological monitoring that informs better management and restoration plans. We also recommend clean ups of contaminated areas after spill events to ensure quick recovery of bird populations.