Drainage Pattern Phenomena in Sandy Arias in Arid Zones for Identification High Potential and Excellent Groundwater

The drainage pattern phenomenon in the sandy areas is rare in the world and has very high yields with excellent quality groundwater. It was recorded and tested in the Qattara Delta west of the River Nile. The study is based on data sets of remote sensing, groundwater wells, chemical analyses, pumping tests, stable isotopes, and field measurements. The drainage is trillic to dendritic, structurally controlled by NW, NE, and E-W fault systems, and has reduced flooding ability and a good chance for groundwater recharge. There are two main aquifers, Samalut karst and Nubian clastic. Samault confined to semi-confined has huge thickness reach 395 m and groundwater flow from SSE to NNW. The structural elements and multiple sources of recharge much effect on the distribution of the salinity of groundwater which is less than 1000 in the southern part and increases northward to 2727 ppm owing to the decline in the rate of recharge from the River Nile, and dominant upward leakage from deep Nubian. The maximum drawdown exceeded 6 meters, transmissivity ranges from 6,200 to 45,900 m2/day, the storativity values vary from 8.2x10-6 to 8.6x10-4, and the overall static water level will decline in the ~15 meters over the first 10 years and then an additional 3 meters through a total of 50 years of continuous pumping. Samalut is less depleted in the south owing to the impact of the River Nile changed to moderately depleted in the center and depleted in the north part which means upward leakage from paleo-water of deep NSAS. The chemical properties and productivity of the central western part are affected by upward leakage from the deep Nubian Aquifer as springs through faults. A Nubian confined aquifer is tapped by one flowing well with a salinity of 1614 ppm, the transmissivity is 720 m2/day and the storativity is 1.5 X10-4. We can conclude that the productivity and hydrogeochemical properties of the aquifer of drainage pattern in the sandy areas are highly potential and have low salinity. This concept can be replicable in similar terrain elsewhere.