Enhancing Process Stability in BOPP Film Production: A Case Study on DMAIC-Based Reduction of Coefficient of Friction Defects

Enhancing Process Stability in BOPP Film Production: A Case Study on DMAIC-Based Reduction of Coefficient of Friction Defects | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Enhancing Process Stability in BOPP Film Production: A Case Study on DMAIC-Based Reduction of Coefficient of Friction Defects Daniel Nunes Fernandes Miranda, Damaris Chieregato Vicentin, Paulo Renato Pakes, and 2 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7767091/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The growing competitiveness in the industrial sector has driven the adoption of structured methods to reduce losses and optimize production processes. This study focused on the issue of elevated coefficient of friction (COF) in biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films, a characteristic that compromised product quality and affected the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) index. The objective was to apply the DMAIC methodology (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) to reduce occurrences of COF outside the specified limits and enhance operational performance. The work was carried out through a case study in an industry in the sector, using tools such as the Ishikawa diagram, the 5 Whys technique, EWMA control charts, GRIP analysis, and the 5W2H action plan. The analyses indicated that the main cause of the problem was associated with failures in the winding systems, which resulted in excessive reel hardness. Corrective actions included preventive maintenance, parameter standardization, and operator training. The results showed a significant reduction in COF and greater process stability, with a positive impact on OEE. It is concluded that the structured application of DMAIC effectively contributed to solving the problem and consolidating continuous improvement practices. Statistical process control DMAIC Biaxially oriented polypropylene film Overall equipment effectiveness Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 1 Introduction Quality control is an indispensable element in production processes, especially in the industrial sector, as it ensures product or service compliance and promotes the improvement of internal processes [1–4]. Quality management, when associated with continuous improvement methodologies and tools, contributes to organizational maturity and the achievement of higher operational performance [5, 6]. Lean Six Sigma integrates a set of tools, such as process mapping, measurement system analysis, and statistical process control (SPC), within a structure based on the PDCA cycle, known in the Six Sigma program as DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) [7, 8]. This methodology is cyclical and structured to identify problems, measure and analyze data, propose solutions, standardize procedures, and ensure the sustainability of the implemented improvements. In the biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film sector, one of the main quality parameters is the coefficient of friction (COF), which measures the film’s resistance to movement [9, 10]. Variations above the specified level may compromise product functionality and affect the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), an indicator that monitors quality, performance, and availability [11, 12]. The company under study, with more than 30 years of experience in the flexible film market, identified in recent months a significant increase in the generation of restricted material due to out-of-specification COF, negatively impacting on OEE and productivity. This situation justified the adoption of a systematic approach to identify the root causes of the problem, implement corrective actions, and monitor results over time. In this context, the application of the DMAIC methodology proved appropriate, as it allows for a detailed process analysis, the use of statistical tools for control, and the implementation of solutions targeted at root causes, ensuring the sustainability of improvements. The purpose of this study is to apply the DMAIC methodology to reduce the occurrence of out-of-specification COF in BOPP films and, consequently, improve the OEE. Specifically, it aims to identify the root causes of the problem, propose and implement corrective actions, and continuously monitor the results, ensuring process stability and the consolidation of continuous improvement practices. 2 Theoretical Framework The production of BOPP films, offering solutions for packaging, labels, adhesive tapes, tags, and other applications. These materials are widely used in conversion, food, and packaging industries, among others. BOPP film is a type of plastic produced from polypropylene, which undergoes a biaxial orientation process. In this process, the film is stretched in two perpendicular directions, both lengthwise and crosswise, enhancing its physical and mechanical properties. As a result, the film achieves high tensile strength, low gas permeability, and excellent transparency and rigidity. Biaxial orientation provides BOPP with highly desirable characteristics for a variety of applications, such as flexible packaging, labels, and lamination films. In addition, BOPP stands out for its excellent resistance to moisture and chemicals, making it particularly suitable for uses that require high durability and protection [9, 10]. In this way, project analysis is a fundamental step in Lean Six Sigma, as it involves a detailed assessment of the needs, resources, and risks of an improvement project. According to Koppel and Chang [13], a well-conducted analysis helps clarify objectives, facilitates the identification of potential problems, and ensures that all parties involved are aligned with the project goals. Moreover, this analysis is essential for creating an effective action plan that maximizes improvement initiatives and ensures the sustainability of the results achieved [14–16]. Risk analysis plays a key role in Lean Six Sigma project management, enabling the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of potential problems before they negatively impact the project [8, 17]. Another view, the Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers (SIPOC) is an essential tool at the beginning of Lean Six Sigma projects, as it provides an overview of the process by identifying Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers. This diagram facilitates a shared understanding of the process scope and is important for identifying areas of improvement, ensuring that all stakeholders are aligned on what is being analyzed and enhanced [18–20]. Furthermore, the Voice of the Customer (VOC) is another essential tool in Lean Six Sigma projects, as it ensures that customer needs and expectations are understood and incorporated into the improvement process. Capturing the VOC allows the team to clearly define customer requirements, which is fundamental to ensuring that the proposed solutions effectively meet their demands and generate meaningful improvements in quality and satisfaction [21, 22]. Other appproches used in LSS projects is the GRIP model (Gaps, Risks, Issues, and Priorities), that is an approach used in project management and strategic planning to identify and prioritize critical areas. It enables organizations to analyze gaps between current and desired performance, identify existing risks and issues, and define priorities for action. This model is useful for ensuring more efficient project execution by focusing efforts on the most impactful issues [23, 24]. Process mapping is a foundational technique for identifying inefficiencies and redesigning workflows to improve operational efficiency within organizations. In this way, process mapping plays a central role in detecting inefficiencies, supporting continuous improvements, and serving as a key instrument for quality management and innovation. Once processes are mapped, organizations can also focus on opportunities that generate immediate results through approaches such as quick wins analysis[23, 24]. Rane et al. [25] describe this Lean Six Sigma strategy as one that emphasizes the identification and implementation of improvements capable of delivering tangible short-term benefits, helping to build momentum and ensuring continuous support for broader initiatives. After identifying opportunities, the analysis of data becomes critical to validate insights and monitor progress. Descriptive statistics are commonly applied to organize and summarize data, using measures such as mean, median, and standard deviation, as well as graphical tools like histograms and boxplots. Thus, these resources help describe data distribution, facilitate preliminary analysis, and support informed decision-making. Complementarily, performance indicators (or metrics) provide quantifiable measures of effectiveness and efficiency, allowing organizations to monitor objectives, identify improvement opportunities, and reinforce a culture of data-driven management [26]. To investigate the root causes of performance issues, organizations rely on analytical tools such as the Ishikawa Diagram and the 5 Whys technique. The Ishikawa Diagram, also known as the Cause-and-Effect Diagram or Fishbone Diagram, categorizes potential causes into groups such as Machines, Materials, Methods, Manpower, and Environment (the 5Ms), offering a structured way to visualize and analyze problems [27–29].Similarly, the 5 Whys provides a straightforward method to uncover underlying causes by repeatedly asking “why” until the core issue emerges. Originally developed by Sakichi Toyoda, it has become a widely applied approach in quality management and continuous improvement [30, 31]. Once causes are identified, structured planning becomes essential for implementing effective solutions. The 5W2H tool supports this phase by answering key questions (what, why, where, when, who, how, and how much) ensuring that all variables are considered before execution [30]. Pacana et al. [27] and Siwiec and Pacana [28], emphasizes that this systematic approach increases clarity and accountability in project planning. Beyond planning, monitoring process stability over time requires more advanced statistical methods. The Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) Control Chart is particularly effective in detecting subtle shifts in process performance, as it assigns greater weight to recent observations. This sensitivity makes it suitable for identifying gradual trends in quality data [32, 33]. The EWMA statistic is calculated as: $$\:{EWMA}_{t}=\:{\lambda\:}\:.{X}_{t}+\left(1-{\lambda\:}\right).{EWMA}_{t-1}$$ 1 Where λ is the weighting factor that defines the relevance of the most recent observations, Xt​ represents the observation at time t, and EWMA t − 1 is the exponentially weighted mean from the previous period [32]. According to Kalgonda [34], to calculate the control limits, both the upper control limit (UCL), the lower control limit (LCL), and the center line (CL) of the EWMA chart are determined using the following equations: $$\:\widehat{UCL}={\mu\:}_{0}+k{\sigma\:}_{0}\sqrt{\left(\frac{\lambda\:}{2-\lambda\:}\right)}$$ 2 $$\:\widehat{CL}={\mu\:}_{0}$$ 3 $$\:\widehat{LCL}={\mu\:}_{0}-k{\sigma\:}_{0}\sqrt{\left(\frac{\lambda\:}{2-\lambda\:}\right)}$$ 4 Where \(\:0<\le\:1\) , and \(\:{\mu\:}_{0}\:\) represents the mean under control. Typically, values of k = 3 and l = 0.2 are commonly used [35–37]. Control limits for EWMA charts are defined through equations that consider both upper and lower bounds, enabling effective monitoring of process variability and mean shifts. Finally, in more specific applications, technical measures such as COF are used to evaluate the resistance to sliding between surfaces, and defined as the ratio of frictional force to normal force, providing critical insights into material behavior with implications for product design, manufacturing, and quality assurance [9]. 3 Methodology The case study method, as highlighted by Yin [38], guides undergraduate theses to analyze practical perspectives within organizations, allowing the author to explore production processes, employee behavior, and organizational interactions in a structured manner. In this research, the case study is applied to process improvement, specifically focusing on reducing defects associated with an out-of-specification COF. The study will draw on bibliographic references related to the topic, academic articles published online, and technical information provided directly by the company under investigation. The raw materials used in the production of the studied film are primarily polypropylene polymers or resins, which compose the central layer and account for about 90% of its structure. The remaining 10% consist of functional additives, including antiblocking, antistatic, and slip agents, which are incorporated into the inner and outer layers. In addition, modifiers can be used to improve or impart properties such as color, density, and rigidity. During the production cycle, the material undergoes rigorous technical analysis as part of the company’s quality control, which follows a defined sampling plan. Several attributes are measured, including surface tension, grammage, thickness (in microns), transmittance, COF, visual defects (such as stains, wrinkles, or contamination), seal strength, and tensile strength, among others. The process of producing BOPP films begins with feeding the raw materials stored in silos. These materials are dosed and transferred to extruders, where they are melted to form a polymeric mass. This mass is molded through a flat die, generating a film sheet with widths between 800 and 900 millimeters. The sheet then undergoes initial stretching in the longitudinal direction, followed by transverse stretching performed by chain segments and clips moving at speeds of 250 to 500 m/min. At this stage, the film reaches widths of 6000 to 7000 millimeters and undergoes surface treatment to define its functional characteristics, such as sealing properties and adhesion to new substrates, including inks, coatings, and adhesives. The final stage consists of winding the film onto cores, resulting in rolls with diameters between 900 and 1000 millimeters. After a resting period, the rolls are processed in the slitting unit to meet customer specifications for width and are then shipped. By analyzing production process information and identifying quality issues reported by the company, it will be possible to apply quality tools and structured methods within the DMAIC framework to address and reduce problems related to out-of-specification COF. The methodology for this thesis will follow a structured sequence of steps: (i) analyzing production process information and OEE indicators from the company; (ii) designing Excel tables for the application of the DMAIC methodology; (iii) selecting statistical and quality tools to be used in each DMAIC phase; and (iv) completing the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control stages. This approach will enable the demonstration of results through post-implementation charts and performance indicators, thereby validating the proposed process improvement. 4 Results and Discussion In the company under analysis, it was observed that, over the last six months, the generation of restricted material due to the coefficient of friction (COF) outside the specified parameters increased. Table 1 below illustrates this trend: Table 1 Restriction due to out-of-specification COF Period Restriction due to COF (kg) % of total produced Month 1 18 0,42 Month 2 16 0,38 Month 3 13 0,34 Month 4 73 2,51 Month 5 41 1,11 Month 6 100 2,41 As a result, the quality index of the OEE indicator decreased by approximately 1.11%. Given this scenario, the development of the DMAIC methodology was initiated with the project definition phase, in which a project analysis was carried out to detail the critical issues regarding quality, costs, deadlines, and benefits associated with project success. Table 2 below shows this analysis: Table 2 Project Analysis Does the project address a Critical to Quality (CTQ) issue? Yes Yes → Lean Six Sigma Project No → Not a strategically focused Six Sigma project Does the project address revenue growth? No Yes → Lean Six Sigma Project No → Not a strategically focused Six Sigma project Does the project address cost reduction? Yes Yes → Lean Six Sigma Project No → Not a strategically focused Six Sigma project Can it be completed within 3–6 months? Yes Yes → Lean Six Sigma Project No → Stop or redesign Is there an adequate "value generation" (TBRL 150/year of operating result)? Yes Yes → Lean Six Sigma Project No → Stop or redesign Next, an operational analysis was carried out considering the stakeholders of this project and their level of commitment. Table 3 below shows this analysis: Table 3 Operational Analysis of Stakeholders Key Six Sigma Project Members Weak Medium Strong Sponsor: executive with authority to make it happen O X Process Owners: Supervisor responsible for the process OX Specialists from different process areas – Top talents OX Assumption challenger OX Key customers and suppliers OX Six Sigma resources (MBB/BB) OX Key executives/managers affected by the solution O X IT resources OX Legend: O = Current; X = Required. To estimate the effort required for this project, a success probability table was developed, assigning scores. If the total score is above 14 points, the project is classified as having medium to high probability of success. For this project, the final score was 17 points, corresponding to an 85% success probability. Table 4 below shows this analysis: Table 4 Probability of Success Nº Key Predictive Variables Score (Yes = 2; Partial = 1; No = 0) 1 The project is a strategic priority, aligned with a major Y 2 2 Stakeholder commitment in the operational analysis is strong 1 3 There are sufficient reasons for change 2 4 There is a clear and measurable goal 2 5 There is an expectation of significant ROI 1 6 Key team members are available (vertical and horizontal) 2 7 Several team members are key talents and innovative thinkers 1 8 Management is willing to commit critical resources to the solution 2 9 The project can be completed within 3–6 months 2 10 A full-time Six Sigma leader has been designated 2 Nota geral de probabilidade de sucesso 17 Probabilidade de sucesso 0,85 High = 18–20; Medium = 15–17; Low = 1–14 Table 5 presents the risk analysis of this DMAIC project, in which each potential risk was assigned a total risk level and corresponding actions to mitigate them: Table 5 Project Risk Analysis Potential Risk – What could go wrong? Severity Likelihood of Occurrence Total Risk (Severity × Occurrence) Mitigation Actions Deadline 1. Lack of replacement machine parts 3 3 9 Assessment with mechanical and electrical maintenance departments Ongoing throughout project 2. Production operators not aligned with project goals 1 3 3 Alignment meeting for this improvement project First month of project 3. Shift leaders not understanding project goals and actions 3 1 3 Alignment meeting for this improvement project First month of project 4. Corrective actions may cause other quality issues 5 5 25 Statistical control and immediate inspections Ongoing throughout project 5. Lack of resources for implementing actions 1 1 1 Alignment meeting for this improvement project First month of project To obtain a detailed view of the BOPP production process, a SIPOC diagram was developed, considering suppliers, inputs, processes, outputs, and customers for each stage. Table 6 below shows this analysis: Table 6 SIPOC Supplier Input Process Output Customer External companies Raw materials Provide raw materials Bulk / Sacks Feeding Feeding Bulk / Sacks Storage of raw materials; dosing per Infotec Dosed and prepared raw material Extrusion Extrusion Dosed and prepared raw material Melt/Homogenize polymer mass Melt Die Die Melt Form cast film through melt from extruders Cast film Chill Roll Chill Roll Cast film Shape and cool cast film Formed cast film MDO MDO Pre-heating Formed cast film Prepare cast film for stretching Heated cast film MDO Stretch MDO Stretch Heated cast film Longitudinal stretching Stretched cast film MDO Relaxation MDO Relaxation Stretched cast film Stabilize/relax cast film Stabilized/relaxed cast film TDO Pre-heating TDO Pre-heating Stabilized/relaxed cast film Prepare cast film for stretching Heated cast film TDO Stretch TDO Stretch Heated cast film Transverse stretching Stretched film TDO Relaxation TDO Relaxation Stretched film Stabilize/relax film Stabilized/relaxed film Cooling Zone Cooling Zone Stabilized/relaxed film Cool the film Cooled film Pull Roll Pull Roll Cooled film Measure thickness, surface treatment, trim edges Film ready for winding Winder Winder Film ready for winding Wind the film Jumbo rolls Jumbo storage Jumbo storage Jumbo rolls Dimensional stabilization and surface property activation Jumbo rolls Primary Slitting (Kampf U-680) Primary Slitting Kampf U-680 Jumbo rolls Cut jumbo rolls Slit rolls Packaging Packaging Slit rolls Pack rolls Packed rolls Shipping Shipping Packed rolls Ship to customer Finished rolls External customer Secondary Slitting Slit rolls Cut/rework jumbo rolls Slit/reworked rolls Packaging Packaging Slit/reworked rolls Pack rolls Packed rolls Shipping Shipping Packed rolls Ship to customer Finished rolls External customer To ensure that the needs and expectations of stakeholders in this project were met, a VOC (Voice of the Customer) flow was developed, as shown in Table 7 , considering common needs, drivers, requirements, metrics for each requirement, and specifications. The GRIP Analysis was developed to identify the bottlenecks, risks, issues, and priorities of this project. A total of fourteen people answered the questionnaire shown in the table below, achieving an effective score percentage of 81.37%. Table 7 below demonstrates the completed questionnaire: Table 7 GRIP Analysis Key Questions 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Score G Macro purpose: We understand and agree on our mission and desired results (vision). 14 100,00% Customers and requirements: We know who the key people affected by the project are, what they want, and why this project is truly necessary. 4 10 94,29% Goals and results: We identified specific and measurable goals related to the business objectives. 14 80,00% Definition of project scope: We understand/agree on what is included/excluded in the scope and tasks. The scope was established. 14 100,00% R Roles and responsibilities: We have defined and agreed on our roles, responsibilities, required skills, and project resources. 7 7 75,00% Authority and autonomy: The degree of authority and delegation of responsibilities the team has to succeed in the project is clear. 10 4 68,57% I Team operational agreement: Sharing expectations and ways of working on how the team will collaborate. 7 7 75,00% Interpersonal relationships within the team: Relationships within the team are as required, there is trust, participation, and commitment for a productive team. 7 7 75,00% P Critical success factors: We know and are focused on the key factors necessary to achieve the project’s goals. 10 4 58,57% Plan and activities: We have an effective action plan to follow that includes the right tasks, clearly defined and assigned. 14 80,00% Monitoring and measurement: We have an effective monitoring process and specific measures to track progress and goals. 14 100,00% Schedule: We have defined the project schedule and are aware of the phases and key milestones. 14 70,00% Effective score 81,37% Next, the application of the DMAIC methodology will be presented, considering the measurement phase of the project, whose first essential point is process mapping to obtain a detailed view of the workflow during BOPP film production. Figure 2 below demonstrates the workflow: The quick wins analysis was developed considering actions that minimize the occurrence of COF above the specified level until permanent corrective actions are implemented. Tables 8 and 9 below demonstrate these actions: Table 8 Quick wins analysis Suggestion Implementation Evaluation Permanence Degree ? Quick win ? Implemented ? Easy ? Fast ? Cheap ? Team control? Reversible ? Increase the % of use of migratory additive Yes Yes No Yes Yes 1 False No Reduce the % of use of migratory additive Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes 1 Yes Yes Next, the application of the DMAIC methodology will be presented, considering the Analyze phase of the project. This phase began with a brainstorming session involving people from different areas, where all raised points were directed to an Ishikawa diagram, as shown in Table 9 below: Table 9 Ishikawa Diagram Measurement Method Machine COF measurement equipment uncalibrated High contact pressure Winder contact roll shock absorber stiffness High winding traction Pneumatic leakage through the Winder contact roll cylinder Pneumatic hose of the Winder system leaking Hydraulic system regulator valve of the Winder with leakage Stuck spring of the additive feeder hopper Environment Material Labor Resting period of rolls above 24 hours Additive batches with quality issues Constant changes in Winder winding parameters Incorrect % use of additives Lack of knowledge about Winder operation principle Rolls with high hardness With the Ishikawa diagram prepared, a fact or rumor analysis was carried out to test whether the points identified actually occurred. Points considered “rumors” were not included in the following analyses. Table 10 below shows the results of this analysis: Table 10 Fact or Rumor Analysis Measurement Method Machine COF measurement equipment uncalibrated (Rumor) High contact pressure (Fact) Winder contact roll shock absorber stiffness (Fact) High winding traction (Rumor) Pneumatic leakage through the Winder contact roll cylinder (Fact) Pneumatic hose of the Winder system leaking (Fact) Hydraulic system regulator valve of the Winder with leakage (Fact) Stuck spring of the additive feeder hopper (Rumor) Environment Material Labor Resting period of rolls above 24 hours (Rumor) Additive batches with quality issues (Rumor) Constant changes in Winder winding parameters (Fact) Incorrect % use of additives (Rumor) Lack of knowledge about Winder operation principle (Fact) Rolls with high hardness (Fact) Next, the items classified as facts were subjected to the 5 Whys analysis, as shown in Table 11 : Table 11 5 Whys Analysis Cause 1st Why? 2nd Why? 3rd Why? 4th Why? 5th Why? Winder contact roll shock absorber stiffness Coil wear or fatigue Long operating period Corrective maintenance without predictability Lack of preventive replacement/inspection plan Pneumatic leakage through Winder contact roll cylinder Wear of sealing elements Long operating period Corrective maintenance without predictability Lack of preventive replacement/inspection plan Pneumatic hose of Winder system leaking Cracks along its length Long operating period Corrective maintenance without predictability Lack of preventive replacement/inspection plan Hydraulic regulator valve of Winder with leakage Imbalance in forward/return pressure Irregular referencing Lack of valve adjustment standardization High contact pressure Due to low contact pressure To increase contact pressure of roll during winding To compensate loss of contact pressure during winding Irregular machine component conditions Lack of preventive replacement/inspection plan Constant changes in Winder winding parameters Due to irregular conditions of machine components Corrective maintenance without predictability Lack of preventive replacement/inspection plan Lack of knowledge of Winder operation principle Constant changes led to loss of correct operating mode Delayed and inefficient maintenance of machine components Lack of preventive replacement/inspection plan Finally, it was detected that the root cause of COF above specification is related to malfunction of components in the Winder contact roll system. Due to this, the winding operator tends to adjust process conditions such as contact pressure, which ends up affecting roll hardness and, consequently, COF, since migratory additives are retained between film layers. Next, the application of the DMAIC methodology will be presented, considering the Improve phase of the project, which used a 5W2H action plan for all items identified in the 5 Whys analysis. Table 12 below shows the application of the 5W2H. Table 12 5W2H – Action Plan Definition N° Cause What Why Where When Who How How much 1 Winder contact roll shock absorber stiffness Replace shock absorber set Replace defective part Winder Next scheduled maintenance stop Maintenance mechanic According to internal maintenance procedure N/A 2 Pneumatic leakage through contact roll cylinder Replace pneumatic cylinder Replace defective part Winder Next scheduled maintenance stop Maintenance mechanic According to internal maintenance procedure N/A 3 Pneumatic hose leaking Replace hose Replace defective part Winder Next scheduled maintenance stop Maintenance mechanic According to internal maintenance procedure N/A 4 Hydraulic regulator valve with leakage Adjust valve to standard pressure (15 bar forward, 3 bar return) Ensure correct contact pressure Winder Next scheduled maintenance stop Process engineer Adjusting with Allen key and pressure gauge N/A 5 Linear winding curve Standardize curve in decreasing mode Ensure harder contact pressure at start and softer during winding Supervisory panel Immediate Process engineer Change % settings in supervisory panel (Winder section) N/A 6 Constant process parameter changes Training with Pull Roll operators Train stakeholders Control room Immediate (daily safety meeting) Process engineer Presenting principle of winding operation N/A 7 Lack of knowledge of winding principle Training with Pull Roll operators Train stakeholders Control room Immediate (daily safety meeting) Process engineer It was observed that before corrective actions, the rolls produced showed high hardness in the extrusion process. This fact can be attributed to greater air escape during winding in the Winder, leaving less air between layers. With this condition, the film does not settle properly, since after the resting period in the storage area, the weight force presses the film towards the core, retaining migratory additives. After implementing the corrective actions, the rolls produced showed low hardness in the extrusion process. This fact can be attributed to less air escape during winds in the Winder, leaving more air between layers. Under this condition, the film accommodation near the core proved ideal relative to the weight force. Next, the application of the DMAIC methodology will be presented, considering the Control phase of the project. After implementing all corrective actions, a sampling was performed considering 40 samples every hour, as shown in Table 13 (descriptive statistics of the sampling). Table 13 Descriptive statistics of the sampling after the improvement project development Descriptive Statistics Mean 0.140875 Skewness -0.91366 Standard Error 0.002299 Range 0.06 Median 0.1425 Minimum 0.1 Mode 0.145 Maximum 0.16 Standard Deviation 0.014539 Sum 5.635 Sample Variance 0.000211 Count 40 Kurtosis 1.06186 Confidence Level (95.0%) 0.00465 Table 14 and Fig. 3 below present the EWMA control charts generated using the Statistica software, covering the scenario after the identification of the root cause of the high COF problem. Table 14 Sampling of COF measurements after the improvement project development Sample CL EWMA LCL UCL 1 0.140875 0.141700 0.133444 0.148306 2 0.140875 0.139360 0.131359 0.150391 3 0.140875 0.137488 0.130237 0.151513 4 0.140875 0.141990 0.129577 0.152173 5 0.140875 0.141592 0.129174 0.152576 6 0.140875 0.145274 0.128924 0.152826 7 0.140875 0.145219 0.128766 0.152984 8 0.140875 0.148175 0.128666 0.153084 9 0.140875 0.146540 0.128603 0.153147 10 0.140875 0.144232 0.128562 0.153188 11 0.140875 0.145386 0.128536 0.153214 12 0.140875 0.146309 0.128520 0.153230 13 0.140875 0.144047 0.128509 0.153241 14 0.140875 0.136237 0.128503 0.153247 15 0.140875 0.138990 0.128498 0.153252 16 0.140875 0.142192 0.128495 0.153255 17 0.140875 0.143754 0.128494 0.153256 18 0.140875 0.142003 0.128493 0.153257 19 0.140875 0.139602 0.128492 0.153258 20 0.140875 0.138682 0.128491 0.153259 21 0.140875 0.138945 0.128491 0.153259 22 0.140875 0.140156 0.128491 0.153259 23 0.140875 0.137125 0.128491 0.153259 24 0.140875 0.140700 0.128491 0.153259 25 0.140875 0.140560 0.128491 0.153259 26 0.140875 0.144448 0.128491 0.153259 27 0.140875 0.145558 0.128491 0.153259 28 0.140875 0.148447 0.128491 0.153259 29 0.140875 0.144757 0.128491 0.153259 30 0.140875 0.144806 0.128491 0.153259 31 0.140875 0.143845 0.128491 0.153259 32 0.140875 0.141076 0.128491 0.153259 33 0.140875 0.138861 0.128491 0.153259 34 0.140875 0.138089 0.128491 0.153259 35 0.140875 0.139471 0.128491 0.153259 36 0.140875 0.140577 0.128491 0.153259 37 0.140875 0.144461 0.128491 0.153259 38 0.140875 0.145569 0.128491 0.153259 39 0.140875 0.138455 0.128491 0.153259 40 0.140875 0.130764 0.128491 0.153259 The analysis of the EWMA chart in Fig. 2 shows that the process is within the control limits (UCL and LCL), represented by the red dashed lines. The central line (CL), in black, reflects the mean, while the blue points represent the monitored values. The monitored values exhibit significant cyclic variations over time, indicating that the process is still subject to further improvements to reduce cyclic behavior relative to the mean line. The histogram in Fig. 4 shows the distribution of monitored values according to the EWMA chart over a range of values. The highest data concentration occurs in the interval between 0.140 and 0.145, indicating that most measurements are concentrated in this range. There is also a significant frequency between 0.145 and 0.150, while values below 0.140 or above 0.150 are less frequent. Finally, between months 1 and 6, as contextualized in this study, approximately 261 kg of restricted material due to COF issues were produced. Variables such as raw material, equipment, methods, workforce, and environment were investigated. Analyses, tests, and samplings indicated problems in the methods used and in machine conditions. After reviewing operational methods and the optimal winding conditions, satisfactory results were achieved, as reflected in the indicator from month 7 onwards in Fig. 5 . The result of this scenario penalized the OEE quality index by 0.1%. 5 Conclusion This study applied the DMAIC methodology to improve processes in the biaxially oriented polypropylene film industry, with a focus on reducing defects related to the COF and increasing OEE. The structured nature of the methodology (encompassing the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control phases) proved suitable for guiding a comprehensive and systematic process improvement initiative. In the Define phase, the issue of high COF and its impact on product quality and OEE were identified as critical challenges. The Measure phase provided detailed data collection on COF and OEE, which enabled an accurate assessment of current process performance. Subsequent analysis revealed that excessive reel hardness, resulting from inadequate adjustments to winding parameters such as pressure and tension, was the main cause of out-of-specification COF. Corrective measures were implemented in the Improve phase, including the establishment of a preventive maintenance plan for winding system components and the optimization of operating conditions. These actions contributed to a reduction in reel hardness and, consequently, in COF. In the Control phase, the use of the EWMA control chart allowed for ongoing monitoring of process stability. Although the process remained within control limits, significant oscillations around the mean suggested that further refinements could still enhance performance. The results confirmed that DMAIC is an effective methodology for addressing quality-related problems in the film production process. Reductions in COF and improvements in OEE demonstrated the tangible benefits of a structured improvement cycle. Continuous monitoring and the integration of statistical control tools are essential to ensuring the sustainability of the achieved results. In conclusion, the study reinforces that DMAIC, supported by statistical analysis and process control techniques, provides a robust framework for improving industrial processes. Its application not only facilitated the identification of root causes and the implementation of effective corrective actions but also strengthened the organization’s capacity to achieve operational excellence and long-term process reliability. Despite these contributions, some limitations should be acknowledged. This study focused on a single company and on a specific defect (COF), which may restrict the generalizability of the results. In addition, the research relied on data available within the organization, which could limit the scope of analysis and the exploration of other potential quality issues. Finally, the short-term assessment of results did not allow for a comprehensive evaluation of the long-term sustainability of the implemented improvements. Future research could explore the integration of DMAIC with other Industry 4.0 technologies, such as IoT and Big Data, to enhance real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance in film production. Comparative studies across different sectors of the plastics and packaging industry may also broaden the understanding of DMAIC’s effectiveness. Additionally, longitudinal research could assess the long-term sustainability of implemented improvements, examining whether the gains in COF reduction and OEE optimization remain consistent over time. Declarations Conflict of interest The authors declare no competing interests. Author contribution All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and analysis were performed by Daniel Nunes Fernandes Miranda, Damaris Chieregato Vicentin, Paulo Renato Pakes, Brena Bezerra Silva, and Pedro Carlos Oprime. The data collection and preparation were performed by Daniel Nunes Fernandes Miranda and Damaris Chieregato Vicentin. The first draft of the manuscript was prepared by Daniel Nunes Fernandes Miranda and Damaris Chieregato Vicentin, with all authors providing comments on earlier versions. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript. References Zacharias MV V (2022) The Importance of Quality Control for The Success of A Company. Vicentin DS, Silva BB, Piccirillo I, Bueno FC, Oprime PC (2018) Monitoring process control chart with finite mixture probability distribution. 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Sci Rep 12:14336 Kalgonda A (2013) Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart. Carson P, Yeh A (2008) Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) Control Charts for Monitoring an Analytical Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 47:405–411 Hunter J (1986) The exponentially weighted moving average. Journal of Quality Technology 18:203–210 Haq A, Woodall W (2023) A critique of the use of modified and moving average‐based EWMA control charts. Qual Reliab Eng Int 39:1269–1276 Yin RK (2018) Case study research and applications: Design and methods, 6th ed. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7767091","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":525405052,"identity":"38f4236d-b112-4077-b587-fcb9bd6e5987","order_by":0,"name":"Daniel Nunes Fernandes Miranda","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daniel","middleName":"Nunes Fernandes","lastName":"Miranda","suffix":""},{"id":525405053,"identity":"454e6a11-8042-4872-bfe0-e8c48371a8e0","order_by":1,"name":"Damaris Chieregato 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2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":183944,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eProcess Mapping\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7767091/v1/a39c500375e8ec5733701470.png"},{"id":93775635,"identity":"1d9fd3d3-7182-4a68-bacb-909cf6507153","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 12:32:16","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":105868,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eEWMA control chart of COF measurements after the improvement project development and histogram\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eSource: Developed by the author using Statistica software.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7767091/v1/d389eb651cdd0ecbda954608.png"},{"id":93777249,"identity":"b1438360-58d8-4070-91b9-fbda9b6e174b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 12:40:16","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":38061,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eHistogram of COF measurements after the improvement project development\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSource: Developed by the author using Statistica software.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7767091/v1/26f2130f7cb031650393b684.png"},{"id":93775637,"identity":"060c1916-3b36-400f-b5d1-b074e3a31240","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-10-17 12:32:16","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":25123,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eIndicator of restricted material due to COF before the improvement project development\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7767091/v1/3ede085e60a9ef989ccc94b9.png"},{"id":98622578,"identity":"f2023d2d-51cf-4053-8314-c2da75d7afb9","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-19 16:58:25","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1675223,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7767091/v1/19f1d86b-f354-48eb-bb6b-ce7390dac599.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Enhancing Process Stability in BOPP Film Production: A Case Study on DMAIC-Based Reduction of Coefficient of Friction Defects","fulltext":[{"header":"1 Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eQuality control is an indispensable element in production processes, especially in the industrial sector, as it ensures product or service compliance and promotes the improvement of internal processes [1\u0026ndash;4]. Quality management, when associated with continuous improvement methodologies and tools, contributes to organizational maturity and the achievement of higher operational performance [5, 6].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLean Six Sigma integrates a set of tools, such as process mapping, measurement system analysis, and statistical process control (SPC), within a structure based on the PDCA cycle, known in the Six Sigma program as DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) [7, 8]. This methodology is cyclical and structured to identify problems, measure and analyze data, propose solutions, standardize procedures, and ensure the sustainability of the implemented improvements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film sector, one of the main quality parameters is the coefficient of friction (COF), which measures the film\u0026rsquo;s resistance to movement [9, 10]. Variations above the specified level may compromise product functionality and affect the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE), an indicator that monitors quality, performance, and availability [11, 12].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe company under study, with more than 30 years of experience in the flexible film market, identified in recent months a significant increase in the generation of restricted material due to out-of-specification COF, negatively impacting on OEE and productivity. This situation justified the adoption of a systematic approach to identify the root causes of the problem, implement corrective actions, and monitor results over time.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this context, the application of the DMAIC methodology proved appropriate, as it allows for a detailed process analysis, the use of statistical tools for control, and the implementation of solutions targeted at root causes, ensuring the sustainability of improvements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of this study is to apply the DMAIC methodology to reduce the occurrence of out-of-specification COF in BOPP films and, consequently, improve the OEE. Specifically, it aims to identify the root causes of the problem, propose and implement corrective actions, and continuously monitor the results, ensuring process stability and the consolidation of continuous improvement practices.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"2 Theoretical Framework","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe production of BOPP films, offering solutions for packaging, labels, adhesive tapes, tags, and other applications. These materials are widely used in conversion, food, and packaging industries, among others. BOPP film is a type of plastic produced from polypropylene, which undergoes a biaxial orientation process. In this process, the film is stretched in two perpendicular directions, both lengthwise and crosswise, enhancing its physical and mechanical properties. As a result, the film achieves high tensile strength, low gas permeability, and excellent transparency and rigidity. Biaxial orientation provides BOPP with highly desirable characteristics for a variety of applications, such as flexible packaging, labels, and lamination films. In addition, BOPP stands out for its excellent resistance to moisture and chemicals, making it particularly suitable for uses that require high durability and protection [9, 10].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn this way, project analysis is a fundamental step in Lean Six Sigma, as it involves a detailed assessment of the needs, resources, and risks of an improvement project. According to Koppel and Chang [13], a well-conducted analysis helps clarify objectives, facilitates the identification of potential problems, and ensures that all parties involved are aligned with the project goals. Moreover, this analysis is essential for creating an effective action plan that maximizes improvement initiatives and ensures the sustainability of the results achieved [14\u0026ndash;16]. Risk analysis plays a key role in Lean Six Sigma project management, enabling the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of potential problems before they negatively impact the project [8, 17].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAnother view, the Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers (SIPOC) is an essential tool at the beginning of Lean Six Sigma projects, as it provides an overview of the process by identifying Suppliers, Inputs, Process, Outputs, and Customers. This diagram facilitates a shared understanding of the process scope and is important for identifying areas of improvement, ensuring that all stakeholders are aligned on what is being analyzed and enhanced [18\u0026ndash;20].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFurthermore, the Voice of the Customer (VOC) is another essential tool in Lean Six Sigma projects, as it ensures that customer needs and expectations are understood and incorporated into the improvement process. Capturing the VOC allows the team to clearly define customer requirements, which is fundamental to ensuring that the proposed solutions effectively meet their demands and generate meaningful improvements in quality and satisfaction [21, 22].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOther appproches used in LSS projects is the GRIP model (Gaps, Risks, Issues, and Priorities), that is an approach used in project management and strategic planning to identify and prioritize critical areas. It enables organizations to analyze gaps between current and desired performance, identify existing risks and issues, and define priorities for action. This model is useful for ensuring more efficient project execution by focusing efforts on the most impactful issues [23, 24].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eProcess mapping is a foundational technique for identifying inefficiencies and redesigning workflows to improve operational efficiency within organizations. In this way, process mapping plays a central role in detecting inefficiencies, supporting continuous improvements, and serving as a key instrument for quality management and innovation. Once processes are mapped, organizations can also focus on opportunities that generate immediate results through approaches such as quick wins analysis[23, 24]. Rane et al. [25] describe this Lean Six Sigma strategy as one that emphasizes the identification and implementation of improvements capable of delivering tangible short-term benefits, helping to build momentum and ensuring continuous support for broader initiatives.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter identifying opportunities, the analysis of data becomes critical to validate insights and monitor progress. Descriptive statistics are commonly applied to organize and summarize data, using measures such as mean, median, and standard deviation, as well as graphical tools like histograms and boxplots. Thus, these resources help describe data distribution, facilitate preliminary analysis, and support informed decision-making. Complementarily, performance indicators (or metrics) provide quantifiable measures of effectiveness and efficiency, allowing organizations to monitor objectives, identify improvement opportunities, and reinforce a culture of data-driven management [26].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo investigate the root causes of performance issues, organizations rely on analytical tools such as the Ishikawa Diagram and the 5 Whys technique. The Ishikawa Diagram, also known as the Cause-and-Effect Diagram or Fishbone Diagram, categorizes potential causes into groups such as Machines, Materials, Methods, Manpower, and Environment (the 5Ms), offering a structured way to visualize and analyze problems [27\u0026ndash;29].Similarly, the 5 Whys provides a straightforward method to uncover underlying causes by repeatedly asking \u0026ldquo;why\u0026rdquo; until the core issue emerges. Originally developed by Sakichi Toyoda, it has become a widely applied approach in quality management and continuous improvement [30, 31].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eOnce causes are identified, structured planning becomes essential for implementing effective solutions. The 5W2H tool supports this phase by answering key questions (what, why, where, when, who, how, and how much) ensuring that all variables are considered before execution [30]. Pacana et al. [27] and Siwiec and Pacana [28], emphasizes that this systematic approach increases clarity and accountability in project planning.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBeyond planning, monitoring process stability over time requires more advanced statistical methods. The Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) Control Chart is particularly effective in detecting subtle shifts in process performance, as it assigns greater weight to recent observations. This sensitivity makes it suitable for identifying gradual trends in quality data [32, 33]. The EWMA statistic is calculated as:\u003cdiv id=\"Equ1\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ1\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:{EWMA}_{t}=\\:{\\lambda\\:}\\:.{X}_{t}+\\left(1-{\\lambda\\:}\\right).{EWMA}_{t-1}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e1\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhere λ is the weighting factor that defines the relevance of the most recent observations, Xt​ represents the observation at time t, and EWMA t\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1 is the exponentially weighted mean from the previous period [32].\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to Kalgonda [34], to calculate the control limits, both the upper control limit (UCL), the lower control limit (LCL), and the center line (CL) of the EWMA chart are determined using the following equations:\u003cdiv id=\"Equ2\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ2\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:\\widehat{UCL}={\\mu\\:}_{0}+k{\\sigma\\:}_{0}\\sqrt{\\left(\\frac{\\lambda\\:}{2-\\lambda\\:}\\right)}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e2\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Equ3\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ3\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:\\widehat{CL}={\\mu\\:}_{0}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e3\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv id=\"Equ4\" class=\"Equation\"\u003e\u003cdiv format=\"TEX\" class=\"mathdisplay\" id=\"FileID_Equ4\" name=\"EquationSource\"\u003e\n$$\\:\\widehat{LCL}={\\mu\\:}_{0}-k{\\sigma\\:}_{0}\\sqrt{\\left(\\frac{\\lambda\\:}{2-\\lambda\\:}\\right)}$$\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"EquationNumber\"\u003e4\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhere \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:0\u0026lt;\\le\\:1\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e, and \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(\\:{\\mu\\:}_{0}\\:\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003erepresents the mean under control. Typically, values of k\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;3 and l\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.2 are commonly used [35\u0026ndash;37]. Control limits for EWMA charts are defined through equations that consider both upper and lower bounds, enabling effective monitoring of process variability and mean shifts.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, in more specific applications, technical measures such as COF are used to evaluate the resistance to sliding between surfaces, and defined as the ratio of frictional force to normal force, providing critical insights into material behavior with implications for product design, manufacturing, and quality assurance [9].\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"3 Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe case study method, as highlighted by Yin [38], guides undergraduate theses to analyze practical perspectives within organizations, allowing the author to explore production processes, employee behavior, and organizational interactions in a structured manner. In this research, the case study is applied to process improvement, specifically focusing on reducing defects associated with an out-of-specification COF. The study will draw on bibliographic references related to the topic, academic articles published online, and technical information provided directly by the company under investigation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe raw materials used in the production of the studied film are primarily polypropylene polymers or resins, which compose the central layer and account for about 90% of its structure. The remaining 10% consist of functional additives, including antiblocking, antistatic, and slip agents, which are incorporated into the inner and outer layers. In addition, modifiers can be used to improve or impart properties such as color, density, and rigidity.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDuring the production cycle, the material undergoes rigorous technical analysis as part of the company\u0026rsquo;s quality control, which follows a defined sampling plan. Several attributes are measured, including surface tension, grammage, thickness (in microns), transmittance, COF, visual defects (such as stains, wrinkles, or contamination), seal strength, and tensile strength, among others.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe process of producing BOPP films begins with feeding the raw materials stored in silos. These materials are dosed and transferred to extruders, where they are melted to form a polymeric mass. This mass is molded through a flat die, generating a film sheet with widths between 800 and 900 millimeters. The sheet then undergoes initial stretching in the longitudinal direction, followed by transverse stretching performed by chain segments and clips moving at speeds of 250 to 500 m/min. At this stage, the film reaches widths of 6000 to 7000 millimeters and undergoes surface treatment to define its functional characteristics, such as sealing properties and adhesion to new substrates, including inks, coatings, and adhesives. The final stage consists of winding the film onto cores, resulting in rolls with diameters between 900 and 1000 millimeters. After a resting period, the rolls are processed in the slitting unit to meet customer specifications for width and are then shipped.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBy analyzing production process information and identifying quality issues reported by the company, it will be possible to apply quality tools and structured methods within the DMAIC framework to address and reduce problems related to out-of-specification COF.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe methodology for this thesis will follow a structured sequence of steps: (i) analyzing production process information and OEE indicators from the company; (ii) designing Excel tables for the application of the DMAIC methodology; (iii) selecting statistical and quality tools to be used in each DMAIC phase; and (iv) completing the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control stages. This approach will enable the demonstration of results through post-implementation charts and performance indicators, thereby validating the proposed process improvement.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4 Results and Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn the company under analysis, it was observed that, over the last six months, the generation of restricted material due to the coefficient of friction (COF) outside the specified parameters increased. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e below illustrates this trend:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRestriction due to out-of-specification COF\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePeriod\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRestriction due to COF (kg)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e% of total produced\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMonth 1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,42\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMonth 2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMonth 3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMonth 4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e73\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,51\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMonth 5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1,11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMonth 6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2,41\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAs a result, the quality index of the OEE indicator decreased by approximately 1.11%. Given this scenario, the development of the DMAIC methodology was initiated with the project definition phase, in which a project analysis was carried out to detail the critical issues regarding quality, costs, deadlines, and benefits associated with project success. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e below shows this analysis:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProject Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDoes the project address a Critical to Quality (CTQ) issue?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes \u0026rarr; Lean Six Sigma Project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo \u0026rarr; Not a strategically focused Six Sigma project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDoes the project address revenue growth?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes \u0026rarr; Lean Six Sigma Project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo \u0026rarr; Not a strategically focused Six Sigma project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDoes the project address cost reduction?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes \u0026rarr; Lean Six Sigma Project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo \u0026rarr; Not a strategically focused Six Sigma project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCan it be completed within 3\u0026ndash;6 months?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes \u0026rarr; Lean Six Sigma Project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo \u0026rarr; Stop or redesign\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIs there an adequate \"value generation\" (TBRL 150/year of operating result)?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes \u0026rarr; Lean Six Sigma Project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo \u0026rarr; Stop or redesign\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext, an operational analysis was carried out considering the stakeholders of this project and their level of commitment. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e below shows this analysis:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOperational Analysis of Stakeholders\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Six Sigma Project Members\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWeak\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedium\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStrong\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSponsor: executive with authority to make it happen\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eX\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProcess Owners: Supervisor responsible for the process\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOX\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSpecialists from different process areas \u0026ndash; Top talents\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOX\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssumption challenger\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOX\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey customers and suppliers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOX\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSix Sigma resources (MBB/BB)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOX\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey executives/managers affected by the solution\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eX\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIT resources\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOX\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eLegend: O\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Current; X\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;Required.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo estimate the effort required for this project, a success probability table was developed, assigning scores. If the total score is above 14 points, the project is classified as having medium to high probability of success. For this project, the final score was 17 points, corresponding to an 85% success probability. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e below shows this analysis:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProbability of Success\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u0026ordm;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Predictive Variables\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eScore (Yes\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2; Partial\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1; No\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe project is a strategic priority, aligned with a major Y\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStakeholder commitment in the operational analysis is strong\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere are sufficient reasons for change\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere is a clear and measurable goal\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere is an expectation of significant ROI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey team members are available (vertical and horizontal)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeveral team members are key talents and innovative thinkers\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eManagement is willing to commit critical resources to the solution\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe project can be completed within 3\u0026ndash;6 months\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eA full-time Six Sigma leader has been designated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNota geral de probabilidade de sucesso\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProbabilidade de sucesso\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0,85\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003ctfoot\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"3\"\u003eHigh\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;18\u0026ndash;20; Medium\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;15\u0026ndash;17; Low\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;1\u0026ndash;14\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tfoot\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e presents the risk analysis of this DMAIC project, in which each potential risk was assigned a total risk level and corresponding actions to mitigate them:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProject Risk Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePotential Risk \u0026ndash; What could go wrong?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSeverity\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLikelihood of Occurrence\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTotal Risk (Severity \u0026times; Occurrence)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMitigation Actions\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDeadline\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1. Lack of replacement machine parts\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAssessment with mechanical and electrical maintenance departments\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOngoing throughout project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2. Production operators not aligned with project goals\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlignment meeting for this improvement project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFirst month of project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3. Shift leaders not understanding project goals and actions\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlignment meeting for this improvement project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFirst month of project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4. Corrective actions may cause other quality issues\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e25\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStatistical control and immediate inspections\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOngoing throughout project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5. Lack of resources for implementing actions\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAlignment meeting for this improvement project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFirst month of project\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo obtain a detailed view of the BOPP production process, a SIPOC diagram was developed, considering suppliers, inputs, processes, outputs, and customers for each stage. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e below shows this analysis:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSIPOC\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSupplier\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInput\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProcess\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eOutput\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCustomer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExternal companies\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRaw materials\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProvide raw materials\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBulk / Sacks\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFeeding\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFeeding\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eBulk / Sacks\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStorage of raw materials; dosing per Infotec\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDosed and prepared raw material\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExtrusion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExtrusion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDosed and prepared raw material\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMelt/Homogenize polymer mass\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMelt\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDie\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDie\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMelt\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eForm cast film through melt from extruders\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChill Roll\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChill Roll\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShape and cool cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFormed cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMDO\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMDO Pre-heating\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFormed cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrepare cast film for stretching\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeated cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMDO Stretch\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMDO Stretch\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeated cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLongitudinal stretching\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStretched cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMDO Relaxation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMDO Relaxation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStretched cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStabilize/relax cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStabilized/relaxed cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTDO Pre-heating\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTDO Pre-heating\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStabilized/relaxed cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrepare cast film for stretching\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeated cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTDO Stretch\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTDO Stretch\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHeated cast film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTransverse stretching\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStretched film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTDO Relaxation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTDO Relaxation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStretched film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStabilize/relax film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStabilized/relaxed film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCooling Zone\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCooling Zone\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStabilized/relaxed film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCool the film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCooled film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePull Roll\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePull Roll\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCooled film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasure thickness, surface treatment, trim edges\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFilm ready for winding\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWinder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWinder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFilm ready for winding\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWind the film\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJumbo rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJumbo storage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJumbo storage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJumbo rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDimensional stabilization and surface property activation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJumbo rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary Slitting (Kampf U-680)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePrimary Slitting Kampf U-680\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eJumbo rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCut jumbo rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSlit rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePackaging\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePackaging\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSlit rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePack rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePacked rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShipping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShipping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePacked rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShip to customer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinished rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExternal customer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSecondary Slitting\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSlit rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCut/rework jumbo rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSlit/reworked rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePackaging\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePackaging\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSlit/reworked rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePack rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePacked rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShipping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShipping\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePacked rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eShip to customer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinished rolls\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eExternal customer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo ensure that the needs and expectations of stakeholders in this project were met, a VOC (Voice of the Customer) flow was developed, as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, considering common needs, drivers, requirements, metrics for each requirement, and specifications.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe GRIP Analysis was developed to identify the bottlenecks, risks, issues, and priorities of this project. A total of fourteen people answered the questionnaire shown in the table below, achieving an effective score percentage of 81.37%. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e below demonstrates the completed questionnaire:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab7\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 7\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGRIP Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"22\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c13\" colnum=\"13\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c14\" colnum=\"14\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c15\" colnum=\"15\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c16\" colnum=\"16\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c17\" colnum=\"17\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c18\" colnum=\"18\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c19\" colnum=\"19\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c20\" colnum=\"20\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c21\" colnum=\"21\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c22\" colnum=\"22\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKey Questions\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e20%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e50%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e60%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e90%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eScore\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eG\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMacro purpose: We understand and agree on our mission and desired results (vision).\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100,00%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCustomers and requirements: We know who the key people affected by the project are, what they want, and why this project is truly necessary.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e94,29%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eGoals and results: We identified specific and measurable goals related to the business objectives.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80,00%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDefinition of project scope: We understand/agree on what is included/excluded in the scope and tasks. The scope was established.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100,00%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eR\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRoles and responsibilities: We have defined and agreed on our roles, responsibilities, required skills, and project resources.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75,00%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAuthority and autonomy: The degree of authority and delegation of responsibilities the team has to succeed in the project is clear.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e68,57%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eI\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTeam operational agreement: Sharing expectations and ways of working on how the team will collaborate.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75,00%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eInterpersonal relationships within the team: Relationships within the team are as required, there is trust, participation, and commitment for a productive team.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e75,00%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eP\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCritical success factors: We know and are focused on the key factors necessary to achieve the project\u0026rsquo;s goals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e58,57%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlan and activities: We have an effective action plan to follow that includes the right tasks, clearly defined and assigned.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e80,00%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMonitoring and measurement: We have an effective monitoring process and specific measures to track progress and goals.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e100,00%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSchedule: We have defined the project schedule and are aware of the phases and key milestones.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c13\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c14\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c18\" namest=\"c15\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e70,00%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c19\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c22\" namest=\"c20\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"15\" nameend=\"c17\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEffective score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c21\" namest=\"c18\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e81,37%\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c22\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext, the application of the DMAIC methodology will be presented, considering the measurement phase of the project, whose first essential point is process mapping to obtain a detailed view of the workflow during BOPP film production. Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e below demonstrates the workflow:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe quick wins analysis was developed considering actions that minimize the occurrence of COF above the specified level until permanent corrective actions are implemented. Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e below demonstrate these actions:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab8\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 8\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuick wins analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSuggestion\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eImplementation Evaluation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePermanence Degree\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eQuick win\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eImplemented\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEasy\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFast\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCheap\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTeam control?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eReversible\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncrease the % of use of migratory additive\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFalse\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eReduce the % of use of migratory additive\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext, the application of the DMAIC methodology will be presented, considering the \u003cb\u003eAnalyze\u003c/b\u003e phase of the project. This phase began with a brainstorming session involving people from different areas, where all raised points were directed to an Ishikawa diagram, as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e below:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab9\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 9\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIshikawa Diagram\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasurement\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMethod\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMachine\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCOF measurement equipment uncalibrated\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh contact pressure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWinder contact roll shock absorber stiffness\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh winding traction\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePneumatic leakage through the Winder contact roll cylinder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePneumatic hose of the Winder system leaking\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHydraulic system regulator valve of the Winder with leakage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuck spring of the additive feeder hopper\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironment\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaterial\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLabor\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eResting period of rolls above 24 hours\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdditive batches with quality issues\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConstant changes in Winder winding parameters\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncorrect % use of additives\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of knowledge about Winder operation principle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRolls with high hardness\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWith the Ishikawa diagram prepared, a fact or rumor analysis was carried out to test whether the points identified actually occurred. Points considered \u0026ldquo;rumors\u0026rdquo; were not included in the following analyses. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab10\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e below shows the results of this analysis:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab10\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 10\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eFact or Rumor Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMeasurement\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMethod\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMachine\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCOF measurement equipment uncalibrated (Rumor)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh contact pressure (Fact)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWinder contact roll shock absorber stiffness (Fact)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh winding traction (Rumor)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePneumatic leakage through the Winder contact roll cylinder (Fact)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePneumatic hose of the Winder system leaking (Fact)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHydraulic system regulator valve of the Winder with leakage (Fact)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStuck spring of the additive feeder hopper (Rumor)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEnvironment\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMaterial\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLabor\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eResting period of rolls above 24 hours (Rumor)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdditive batches with quality issues (Rumor)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConstant changes in Winder winding parameters (Fact)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIncorrect % use of additives (Rumor)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of knowledge about Winder operation principle (Fact)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRolls with high hardness (Fact)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext, the items classified as facts were subjected to the 5 Whys analysis, as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab11\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab11\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 11\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5 Whys Analysis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCause\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1st Why?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2nd Why?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3rd Why?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4th Why?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5th Why?\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWinder contact roll shock absorber stiffness\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCoil wear or fatigue\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLong operating period\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCorrective maintenance without predictability\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of preventive replacement/inspection plan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePneumatic leakage through Winder contact roll cylinder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWear of sealing elements\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLong operating period\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCorrective maintenance without predictability\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of preventive replacement/inspection plan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePneumatic hose of Winder system leaking\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCracks along its length\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLong operating period\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCorrective maintenance without predictability\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of preventive replacement/inspection plan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHydraulic regulator valve of Winder with leakage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eImbalance in forward/return pressure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrregular referencing\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of valve adjustment standardization\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHigh contact pressure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDue to low contact pressure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo increase contact pressure of roll during winding\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo compensate loss of contact pressure during winding\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eIrregular machine component conditions\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of preventive replacement/inspection plan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConstant changes in Winder winding parameters\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDue to irregular conditions of machine components\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCorrective maintenance without predictability\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of preventive replacement/inspection plan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of knowledge of Winder operation principle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConstant changes led to loss of correct operating mode\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDelayed and inefficient maintenance of machine components\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of preventive replacement/inspection plan\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, it was detected that the \u003cb\u003eroot cause\u003c/b\u003e of COF above specification is related to malfunction of components in the Winder contact roll system. Due to this, the winding operator tends to adjust process conditions such as contact pressure, which ends up affecting roll hardness and, consequently, COF, since migratory additives are retained between film layers.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext, the application of the DMAIC methodology will be presented, considering the \u003cb\u003eImprove\u003c/b\u003e phase of the project, which used a \u003cb\u003e5W2H action plan\u003c/b\u003e for all items identified in the 5 Whys analysis. Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab12\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e below shows the application of the 5W2H.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab12\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 12\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5W2H \u0026ndash; Action Plan Definition\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"9\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN\u0026deg;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCause\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhat\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhy\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhere\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWho\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHow much\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWinder contact roll shock absorber stiffness\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eReplace shock absorber set\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eReplace defective part\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWinder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext scheduled maintenance stop\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaintenance mechanic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to internal maintenance procedure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePneumatic leakage through contact roll cylinder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eReplace pneumatic cylinder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eReplace defective part\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWinder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext scheduled maintenance stop\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaintenance mechanic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to internal maintenance procedure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePneumatic hose leaking\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eReplace hose\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eReplace defective part\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWinder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext scheduled maintenance stop\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaintenance mechanic\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAccording to internal maintenance procedure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eHydraulic regulator valve with leakage\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdjust valve to standard pressure (15 bar forward, 3 bar return)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnsure correct contact pressure\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eWinder\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext scheduled maintenance stop\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProcess engineer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eAdjusting with Allen key and pressure gauge\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLinear winding curve\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStandardize curve in decreasing mode\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEnsure harder contact pressure at start and softer during winding\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSupervisory panel\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eImmediate\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProcess engineer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eChange % settings in supervisory panel (Winder section)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConstant process parameter changes\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTraining with Pull Roll operators\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrain stakeholders\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl room\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eImmediate (daily safety meeting)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProcess engineer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003ePresenting principle of winding operation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLack of knowledge of winding principle\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTraining with Pull Roll operators\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eTrain stakeholders\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl room\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eImmediate (daily safety meeting)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eProcess engineer\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt was observed that before corrective actions, the rolls produced showed high hardness in the extrusion process. This fact can be attributed to greater air escape during winding in the Winder, leaving less air between layers. With this condition, the film does not settle properly, since after the resting period in the storage area, the weight force presses the film towards the core, retaining migratory additives.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAfter implementing the corrective actions, the rolls produced showed low hardness in the extrusion process. This fact can be attributed to less air escape during winds in the Winder, leaving more air between layers. Under this condition, the film accommodation near the core proved ideal relative to the weight force.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eNext, the application of the DMAIC methodology will be presented, considering the Control phase of the project. After implementing all corrective actions, a sampling was performed considering 40 samples every hour, as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab13\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e (descriptive statistics of the sampling).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab13\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 13\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescriptive statistics of the sampling after the improvement project development\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eDescriptive Statistics\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMean\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSkewness\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e-0.91366\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStandard Error\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.002299\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eRange\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.06\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMedian\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1425\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMinimum\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMode\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.145\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eMaximum\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eStandard Deviation\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.014539\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSum\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5.635\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample Variance\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.000211\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCount\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eKurtosis\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1.06186\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eConfidence Level (95.0%)\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.00465\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab14\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e and Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e below present the EWMA control charts generated using the Statistica software, covering the scenario after the identification of the root cause of the high COF problem.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab14\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 14\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSampling of COF measurements after the improvement project development\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/caption\u003e\u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003cthead\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eSample\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eCL\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eEWMA\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eLCL\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003eUCL\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/th\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/thead\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.141700\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.133444\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.148306\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.139360\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.131359\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.150391\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e3\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.137488\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.130237\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.151513\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e4\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.141990\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.129577\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.152173\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e5\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.141592\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.129174\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.152576\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e6\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.145274\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128924\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.152826\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.145219\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128766\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.152984\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e8\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.148175\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128666\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153084\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e9\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.146540\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128603\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153147\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e10\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.144232\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128562\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153188\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e11\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.145386\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128536\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153214\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e12\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.146309\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128520\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153230\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e13\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.144047\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128509\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153241\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e14\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.136237\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128503\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153247\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.138990\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128498\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153252\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.142192\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128495\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153255\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e17\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.143754\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128494\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153256\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e18\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.142003\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128493\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" 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colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e27\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.145558\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e28\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.148447\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e29\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.144757\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e30\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.144806\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e31\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.143845\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e32\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.141076\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e33\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.138861\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.138089\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e35\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.139471\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e36\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140577\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e37\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.144461\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e38\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.145569\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.138455\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e40\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.140875\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.130764\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.128491\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u003cp\u003e0.153259\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/colgroup\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe analysis of the EWMA chart in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e shows that the process is within the control limits (UCL and LCL), represented by the red dashed lines. The central line (CL), in black, reflects the mean, while the blue points represent the monitored values. The monitored values exhibit significant cyclic variations over time, indicating that the process is still subject to further improvements to reduce cyclic behavior relative to the mean line.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe histogram in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e shows the distribution of monitored values according to the EWMA chart over a range of values. The highest data concentration occurs in the interval between 0.140 and 0.145, indicating that most measurements are concentrated in this range. There is also a significant frequency between 0.145 and 0.150, while values below 0.140 or above 0.150 are less frequent.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFinally, between months 1 and 6, as contextualized in this study, approximately 261 kg of restricted material due to COF issues were produced. Variables such as raw material, equipment, methods, workforce, and environment were investigated. Analyses, tests, and samplings indicated problems in the methods used and in machine conditions. After reviewing operational methods and the optimal winding conditions, satisfactory results were achieved, as reflected in the indicator from month 7 onwards in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e. The result of this scenario penalized the OEE quality index by 0.1%.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5 Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study applied the DMAIC methodology to improve processes in the biaxially oriented polypropylene film industry, with a focus on reducing defects related to the COF and increasing OEE. The structured nature of the methodology (encompassing the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control phases) proved suitable for guiding a comprehensive and systematic process improvement initiative.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the Define phase, the issue of high COF and its impact on product quality and OEE were identified as critical challenges. The Measure phase provided detailed data collection on COF and OEE, which enabled an accurate assessment of current process performance. Subsequent analysis revealed that excessive reel hardness, resulting from inadequate adjustments to winding parameters such as pressure and tension, was the main cause of out-of-specification COF.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eCorrective measures were implemented in the Improve phase, including the establishment of a preventive maintenance plan for winding system components and the optimization of operating conditions. These actions contributed to a reduction in reel hardness and, consequently, in COF. In the Control phase, the use of the EWMA control chart allowed for ongoing monitoring of process stability. Although the process remained within control limits, significant oscillations around the mean suggested that further refinements could still enhance performance.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe results confirmed that DMAIC is an effective methodology for addressing quality-related problems in the film production process. Reductions in COF and improvements in OEE demonstrated the tangible benefits of a structured improvement cycle. Continuous monitoring and the integration of statistical control tools are essential to ensuring the sustainability of the achieved results.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, the study reinforces that DMAIC, supported by statistical analysis and process control techniques, provides a robust framework for improving industrial processes. Its application not only facilitated the identification of root causes and the implementation of effective corrective actions but also strengthened the organization\u0026rsquo;s capacity to achieve operational excellence and long-term process reliability.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDespite these contributions, some limitations should be acknowledged. This study focused on a single company and on a specific defect (COF), which may restrict the generalizability of the results. In addition, the research relied on data available within the organization, which could limit the scope of analysis and the exploration of other potential quality issues. Finally, the short-term assessment of results did not allow for a comprehensive evaluation of the long-term sustainability of the implemented improvements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFuture research could explore the integration of DMAIC with other Industry 4.0 technologies, such as IoT and Big Data, to enhance real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance in film production. Comparative studies across different sectors of the plastics and packaging industry may also broaden the understanding of DMAIC\u0026rsquo;s effectiveness. Additionally, longitudinal research could assess the long-term sustainability of implemented improvements, examining whether the gains in COF reduction and OEE optimization remain consistent over time.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eAll authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation and analysis were performed by Daniel Nunes Fernandes Miranda, Damaris Chieregato Vicentin, Paulo Renato Pakes, Brena Bezerra Silva, and Pedro Carlos Oprime. The data collection and preparation were performed by Daniel Nunes Fernandes Miranda and Damaris Chieregato Vicentin. The first draft of the manuscript was prepared by Daniel Nunes Fernandes Miranda and Damaris Chieregato Vicentin, with all authors providing comments on earlier versions. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eZacharias MV V (2022) The Importance of Quality Control for The Success of A Company. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVicentin DS, Silva BB, Piccirillo I, Bueno FC, Oprime PC (2018) Monitoring process control chart with finite mixture probability distribution. International Journal of Quality \u0026amp; Reliability Management 35:335\u0026ndash;353\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVicentin DC, Oprime PC, Mergulh\u0026atilde;o RC (2022) Comparative case study of finite mixture and T2-Hotelling control charts for multiple stream monitoring. 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SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Statistical process control, DMAIC, Biaxially oriented polypropylene film, Overall equipment effectiveness","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7767091/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7767091/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThe growing competitiveness in the industrial sector has driven the adoption of structured methods to reduce losses and optimize production processes. This study focused on the issue of elevated coefficient of friction (COF) in biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) films, a characteristic that compromised product quality and affected the Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) index. The objective was to apply the DMAIC methodology (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control) to reduce occurrences of COF outside the specified limits and enhance operational performance. The work was carried out through a case study in an industry in the sector, using tools such as the Ishikawa diagram, the 5 Whys technique, EWMA control charts, GRIP analysis, and the 5W2H action plan. The analyses indicated that the main cause of the problem was associated with failures in the winding systems, which resulted in excessive reel hardness. Corrective actions included preventive maintenance, parameter standardization, and operator training. The results showed a significant reduction in COF and greater process stability, with a positive impact on OEE. It is concluded that the structured application of DMAIC effectively contributed to solving the problem and consolidating continuous improvement practices.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Enhancing Process Stability in BOPP Film Production: A Case Study on DMAIC-Based Reduction of Coefficient of Friction Defects","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-10-17 12:32:11","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7767091/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"2c7c94d5-9550-4f8c-b1a0-ced730c3132a","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 17th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-15T14:12:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-10-17 12:32:11","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7767091","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7767091","identity":"rs-7767091","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}