SECE® Energy, Affordable and Environmentally Clean Energy Generation Technology Utilizing Air, Sand, and Water for Climate Change Solutions

SECE® Energy, Affordable and Environmentally Clean Energy Generation Technology Utilizing Air, Sand, and Water for Climate Change Solutions | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article SECE® Energy, Affordable and Environmentally Clean Energy Generation Technology Utilizing Air, Sand, and Water for Climate Change Solutions Ulrich NDILIRA ROTAM This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8628262/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Climate change remains one of the most urgent global challenges, and rapid reductions in carbon emissions are essential to achieving effective mitigation. Energy systems sit at the core of economic and societal development, yet many existing clean‑energy technologies continue to face constraints in sustainability, resource availability, affordability, and operational stability. These limitations hinder progress toward a just and accelerated transition to low‑carbon energy solutions. This study introduces a novel, combustion‑free mechanical energy‑generation pathway based on the controlled interaction of three universally abundant natural elements air, sand, and water (ASW). Revisiting these fundamental materials as non‑combustible, carbon‑free working media, the research investigates their capacity to support continuous mechanical energy production without reliance on chemical reactions, atmospheric conditions, or weather‑dependent intermittency. Using the SECE® ENERGY Technology, developed under the SOYOS PROGRAM by IRIDCCS TECHNOLOGIES, we experimentally evaluate a new class of ASW‑driven internal mechanical exchange systems. The SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) apparatus served as the primary test platform across 43 independent studies, conducted in multiple seasons and geographic locations. Results consistently demonstrate that the SDP system generates stable, repeatable, and affordable mechanical energy using only ASW inputs, confirming the feasibility of this approach as a carbon‑free, renewable energy mechanism. The findings establish ASW-based mechanical systems as a scientifically grounded alternative to combustion‑dependent technologies and a scalable framework for future clean-energy infrastructures. By leveraging globally accessible natural resources, this work provides a promising pathway for sustainable power generation capable of supporting climate‑change mitigation, energy equity, and long‑term environmental resilience. The schematic illustrates the SECE® ENERGY system using AIR, SAND, and WATER as natural inputs driving a non‑combustive mechanical cycle. It highlights the ASW pathway, piston‑based conversion chamber, and resulting clean‑energy output, emphasizing renewable, affordable performance validated across diverse locations and seasonal conditions. Astrophysics and Cosmology Renewable Resources Energy Engineering Mechanical Engineering Terrestrial Ecology Geophysics Environmental Policy Scientific Communication City Management and Urban Policy Environmental Economics Applied Mathematics Mathematical Physics Planetary Science Environmental Chemistry Materials Chemistry Materials Engineering Atmospheric Sciences Climatology Climate Analysis and Modeling Natural Product Chemistry Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics Environmental Law Space Exploration Physical Geography Chemical Engineering Electrical Engineering Environmental Engineering Clean energy generation Carbon-free mechanical systems Air-sand-water (ASW) technology SECE® Energy Sustainable power systems Climate-change mitigation Renewable mechanical energy non-combustion energy pathways Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 1. Introduction Climate change represents one of the most profound and accelerating threats to human societies, ecosystems, and global economic stability. The continued rise in anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions driven primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels have disrupted the Earth’s energy balance and intensified global warming. Fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and natural gas, remain responsible for approximately three‑quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions, with carbon dioxide constituting nearly 90% of total emissions. This persistent dependence on carbon‑intensive energy systems has triggered a cascade of environmental consequences, including polar ice melt, sea‑level rise, ocean acidification, and increasingly volatile climate extremes. These impacts collectively threaten the stability of natural and human systems, underscoring the urgency of transitioning to cleaner and more sustainable energy pathways. The intensification of hurricanes, droughts, heat waves, and floods has already begun to reshape agricultural productivity, freshwater availability, and ecosystem resilience. Such disruptions jeopardize global food security, biodiversity, and the stability of densely populated regions. As climate impacts accelerate, the scientific community and international institutions have emphasized the urgent need to reduce emissions and limit global warming to well below 2°C, in alignment with the Paris Agreement. Achieving this target requires not only the rapid deployment of existing renewable technologies but also the development of fundamentally new energy‑generation pathways capable of overcoming the structural limitations of current systems. This includes addressing challenges related to resource intermittency, geographical dependence, material scarcity, and infrastructure constraints, which continue to hinder the scalability and universal accessibility of today’s clean‑energy solutions. While renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal energy have expanded significantly, they remain constrained by environmental variability and resource availability. Solar and wind power rely on fluctuating atmospheric conditions, requiring extensive storage or grid‑balancing systems to ensure reliability. Hydropower, although dependable, is geographically restricted and can pose ecological risks. These limitations highlight the need for complementary, innovative, and universally accessible clean‑energy solutions that can operate independently of weather patterns and without reliance on combustion processes. The search for such alternatives has become a central priority in global decarbonization strategies. Throughout human history, societies have relied on the elemental forces of air, fire, sand, and water for survival, construction, and energy production. Among these, fire through the combustion of biomass and fossil fuels has dominated energy generation for centuries. However, combustion‑based systems inherently produce greenhouse gases and pollutants, making them incompatible with long‑term climate‑stabilization goals. As the environmental costs of fire‑based energy become increasingly untenable, attention has shifted toward the remaining elemental forces: Air (A), Sand (S), and Water (W), collectively referred to as ASW. Each of these elements already plays a role in modern renewable energy systems: air drives wind turbines, sand‑derived silicon enables photovoltaic technologies, and waterpower hydropower systems. Yet in all these cases, the elements are used independently, and their energy potential is harnessed through large‑scale infrastructure that depends on environmental conditions. What remains largely unexplored is the combined mechanical potential of Air, Sand, and Water as integrated working media within a controlled, closed‑loop system capable of generating continuous, carbon‑free mechanical energy. This conceptual shift from using ASW as isolated natural resources to employing them as internal mechanical agents opens a new frontier in clean‑energy research. Instead of relying on external environmental inputs such as sunlight, wind speed, or water flow, a closed‑loop ASW system leverages the intrinsic physical properties of these elements to produce stable, repeatable, and controllable mechanical work. This emerging framework challenges long‑standing assumptions about renewable‑energy generation and expands the scientific landscape toward novel, non‑combustion energy pathways. The present study introduces and experimentally evaluates such a system through SECE® ENERGY Technology, developed under the SOYOS PROGRAM by IRIDCCS TECHNOLOGIES. This technology proposes a novel, combustion‑free mechanism in which ASW acts as renewable, non‑polluting working media for internal mechanical exchanges. Unlike conventional renewable systems, SECE® ENERGY does not rely on external environmental conditions such as sunlight, wind speed, or water flow. Instead, it harnesses the density contrasts, pressure dynamics, and gravitational interactions of ASW within a controlled apparatus to generate mechanical energy. Central to this investigation is the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) system, an experimental platform designed to evaluate the mechanical interactions and energy‑conversion potential of ASW. Across 43 independent studies and experimental trials conducted in multiple seasons and geographic locations, the SDP system demonstrated consistent, repeatable, and stable mechanical energy output. These results suggest that ASW‑based systems may represent a new class of renewable mechanical energy technology capable of complementing existing clean‑energy infrastructures. The scientific significance of this work lies in three key contributions: a novel energy‑generation mechanism that operates without combustion, chemical reactions, or atmospheric dependence, the integration of universally abundant natural elements air, sand, and water into a unified mechanical system, and experimental validation demonstrating the feasibility, stability, and repeatability of ASW‑driven mechanical energy production. By shifting focus from carbon‑intensive fire‑based energy to the environmentally benign forces of Air, Sand, and Water, this research highlights a pathway toward sustainable, accessible, and globally deployable clean‑energy solutions. ASW resources are naturally available to all populations, independent of geography, climate, or economic status. Their use in a controlled mechanical system offers the potential to reduce emissions, enhance energy equity, and support climate‑change mitigation efforts. This paper therefore aims to: examine the scientific principles underlying ASW‑based mechanical energy generation, evaluate the performance of the SECE® ENERGY system through experimental evidence, and assess the environmental and socio-economic implications of deploying ASW technologies on a scale. Through the development of a new scientific, conceptual, and technological pathway for clean‑energy production, this study reinforces global efforts to accelerate the transition toward innovative, resilient, and low‑carbon energy systems. Offering a credible alternative to combustion‑based technologies, it contributes to the long‑term sustainability of our planet and supports the creation of energy infrastructures capable of meeting the needs of present and future generations. 1.1 Research Scope In the past millennium, human activities predominantly relied on burning fossil fuels, coal, and wood to produce power, leading to negative consequences such as climate change. To address this issue and combat the effects of climate change on humanity, it is crucial to discover a clean energy solution that is universally applicable, environmentally friendly, less noisy, requires less land, and is affordable for all populations. Many natural resources currently employed by humans have adverse effects on life, cost, and the environment. This paper selects three natural elements as power sources due to their environmental advantages, availability, and affordability to populations. Air, present globally at atmospheric pressure, is freely accessible to all humans and offers significant environmental benefits. Sand, abundantly found across the Earth's surface, provides universal access and sustainability. Water, covering approximately 71% of the Earth's surface, can be harnessed by all populations sustainably and renewably. Combining these natural resources allows us to leverage their numerous advantages over conventional power sources. The central question of this research is whether we can generate a power solution that effectively addresses and resolves the challenges posed by carbon emissions, which planet Earth currently confronts. 2. Methodology 2.1 Background This paper addresses a fundamental question regarding the potential of utilizing a combination of AIR, SAND, and WATER as a clean power source with distinct advantages over previous methods. The focus of this study is to conduct rigorous research, experiments, and tests to explore the feasibility of generating electricity using AIR (A), SAND (S), and WAT E R (W) referred to as ASW as a non-combustible, environmentally friendly resource for power generation. The objective is to provide sustainable, affordable, and readily available electricity regardless of location or season, thereby contributing to the fight against climate change and carbon emissions. A comprehensive series of 43 studies, tests, and experiments were conducted across various locations and seasons, specifically targeting the environmentally friendly elements and natural resources of ASW: AIR, SAND, and WATER. These investigations aimed to harness renewable and sustainable sources to generate clean, affordable, and accessible energy for various applications, expediting solutions to address carbon emissions and advance climate change initiatives. In this research, we employed the innovative SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP), developed by SECE® ENERGY, to conduct the 43 studies, experiments, and tests in diverse geographic areas and during different seasons, ensuring a comprehensive analysis of the findings. The results consistently demonstrated that SDP generated Clean, Greener, Available, Affordable, and Renewable Energy. Furthermore, it established AIR, SAND, and WATER as non-combustible fuels and an environmentally friendly source for power generation, reinforcing their viability and potential for widespread implementation. 2.2 Working Mechanism of the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) The SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) is an integral component of the SECE® (SOYOS ENVIRONMENT CLEAN ENGINE), which is a system and method designed to produce clean, sustainable, and readily available power. The SDP utilizes a unique assembly of multiple Clean Pistons developed for this purpose. The system operates as follows: The Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), connected to any transmission system, enters with a small gap between the Brake Pump Chamber as Brake Piston Cylinder (BPC) and the PCT. As the PCT enters, it compresses Air in the chamber, mechanically braking and pushing the water pump piston rod to its final position. This action allows for the displacement of an equivalent amount of liquid water from the PCT, which is then pumped back up to the upward tank, thereby converting mechanical energy into stored potential energy. Once emptied, the PCT is ready for the next cycle. The Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) facilitates the release and retrieval of the empty PCT, returning it to the initial top position to be refilled with liquid water. This process enables the formation of a Clean Piston system that undergoes four distinct steps of cycles, with each stroke occurring in sequence. The four-cycle process of the SECE® (SOYOS ENVIRONMENT CLEAN ENGINE) comprises distinct steps, each serving a specific purpose. Let's examine each step in detail: Step 1 SECE® ENERGY Fluid Intake Clean Stroke During this step, known as the Fluid Intake Clean Stroke, the principal Capsule, positioned higher, opens the valve system to allow Newtonian fluid (Water) to fill the capsule. The filling process continues until the principal capsule reaches its capacity, with the valve cutting off the fluid from the upward tank. At this point, the capsule catcher prepares the clean mechanical energy in preparation for the next step. Step 2 SECE® ENERGY Power Input Clean Stroke In this stage, the Newtonian fluid (water) is filled to the desired amount in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT). Meanwhile, the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) is prefilled with Sand to cover the empty principal capsule's weight and provide resistance. An additional amount of Sand is added to allow for customization of the system's reset timing. The capsule catcher release system, controlled by a start button or launch system, releases the principal capsule, supplying the system with significant mechanical energy converted into rotational energy. Step 3 SECE® ENERGY Brake-Pump-Drain Clean Stroke final bottom position, where it encounters a compressed spring brake located at the bottom ending The principal capsule continues its movement, causing the head flat pump rod to reach the mechanism involves the release of the principal cap s ule' s drop fluid valve to empty its contents. During this stage, the system draws power from the top position, specifically from the entry of the brake-pump chamber (BPC) of the principal vertical travel line (VTL). As the principal capsule Tank (PCT) enters the chamber, three mechanisms come into play. Firstly, the clutch disengages the rotary table system (RTS) to the clean stroke maker (CSM) system. Secondly, the next capsule catcher of the Soyos Drop Piston (SDP) is released, ensuring a continuous power input to the system. Simultaneously, the Air within the brake-pump chamber is compressed due to the entry restriction, speed and volume of the capsule, exerting a substantial force that pushes the head flat pump rod to the bottom, effectively pumping back the fluid initially filled in the principal capsule. The third position. Step 4 SECE® ENERGY Travel Reset of Soyos Drop Piston Clean Stroke In this final step, the principal capsule's drop fluid valve retains, opens, emptying the fluid within the capsule. As the principal capsule rests on the absorber spring at the final bottom position, the secondary capsule, filled with Sand, becomes unbalanced to accommodate the principal capsule. The principal capsule fully empties its fluid from the bottom to the exit of the brake-pump chamber, enabling its return to the top as needed. Additionally, an additional amount of Sand is filled in the secondary capsule. At the top position, the head flat pump rod resets and is pulled from the bottom water pump rod to its top position, filling the water piston chamber with fluid from the downward tank, ensuring the same amount of water is filled on top with the upward tank. Finally, the capsule catcher and spring absorber halt and retain the principal capsule in its top final position, and the cycle repeats. 2.3 Experiments The initial studies, tests, and experiments utilizing the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) were conducted in AFRICA N’djamena NDJ TD, Moursal, on 08/12/2011, during the rainy season. The results demonstrated that the SDP successfully generated clean energy and power. Subsequently, further studies, tests, and experiments were conducted using the SDP in AMERICA Irvington, NJ 07111, on 07/09/2017, during the summer season, which also yielded positive outcomes in terms of clean energy production. The third and fourth sets of studies, tests, and experiments utilizing the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) occurred in AMERICA Farmington, NM 87401, on 12/16/2022 and 12/20/2022, during the winter season. The findings from these experiments revealed that the SDP generated cleaner, greener, more affordable, available, and more sustainable energy. The study utilized a specially designed clean piston called the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) within the SECE® ENERGY technology framework. This piston facilitated the input of clean strokes, resulting in clean energy output. It comprised several components, including the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), Brake Pump Chamber (BPC), Rotary Table System (RTS) with wire chain, mechanical tachometer, and Vertical Travel Line (VTL). To facilitate the study, a Taylor High Capacity Hanging Dial Scale 2009 and an Optima Scales OP-924A-1000 LED 2016 Display were employed to measure and adjust the weight of water (W) and Sand (S) in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) and Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT). Additionally, a Liquid Densimeter (mud balance) was used to measure the density of different types of liquid water from various sources, such as rainwater, seawater, river water, and melted snow water, enabling comprehensive research, experiments, and tests. The primary objective was to input a combination of AIR, SAND, and WATER (ASW) into the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) as sustainable and non-combustible fuel sources, allowing for repeated use as a sustainable fuel source throughout the 43 studies, experiments, and tests. As the initial results proved successful, the studies were expanded to different locations and seasons, using both small and large versions of the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) to determine whether we could consistently generate clean energy as the final output for external work sources. This broader exploration aimed to generalize the findings and identify the best and most affordable greener energy generation technology. 2.3.1 Case I In this case, the initial experiment and tests were conducted in AFRICA N'djamena NDJ TD, Moursal, on 08/12/2011, during the rainy season. The Rainwater collected from the rooftop was used, and its density was measured using a Liquid Densimeter, which yielded a value of 8.36 pounds per gallon (ppg). A Taylor High Capacity Hanging Dial Scale 2009 was utilized to measure a weight of 50 lbs., representing the amount of rainwater required to fill the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) with a capacity of 6 gallons. A Taylor High Capacity Hanging Dial Scale 2009 was utilized to measure a weight of 50 lbs., representing the amount of rainwater required to fill the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT)with a capacity of 6 gallons. Sample of Sand and water for TS1 was collected from Location 1, with full site details and environmental conditions documented in Section S2 of the Supporting Information. The Sand and water collection were gathered from the river Chari and the sand measured using an Optima Scales OP -924A-1000 LED Display, resulting in a weight of 10 lbs. This amount of Sand was then deposited into the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), which had a capacity of 1 gallon. The SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) achieved a net weight input of 35 lbs. by combining the rainwater in the PCT and the Sand in the SCT. This weight was measured at 8 feet along the Vertical Travel Line (VTL). These data points across all 13 tests conducted are illustrated in data (Fig. 1 ). Furthermore, the same quantities of Water (W), Sand (S), and Air (A) were used, with the Brake Pump Chamber (BPC) kept open and filled with Air at atmospheric pressure, measured at1 atm or 14.69 psi. The experimental set up was measured and maintained consistently throughout all13 repeated tests. At the start of each test, the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) stored 540 joules of potential energy, while the Rotary Table System (RTS) began with zero energy output. The results obtained from all 13 tests were identical, demonstrating a highly consistent performance pattern. During each test, the mass of Water (W) in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) decreased as the piston entered the SDP system, compensating for the corresponding increase in Sand (S) weight plus the mechanical resistances within the system to produce a net input weight gain of 35 lbs. for the SDP enabling clean generation in every trial. Extended mathematical derivations, including Equations (S1), are provided in Section S1 of the Supporting Information. M INP(SDP1) = M (PCT) - (M (SCT1) + M MR(SDP1)) … ( 1 ) where; MINP(SDP1) denotes Net input mass of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP1) in kg M(PCT1) denotes Total mas s of PRINCIPAL CAPSULE TANK (PCT1) in kg M(SCT1) represents the Total mas s of SECONDARY CAPSULE TANK (SCT1) in kg MMR(SDP1) denotes the Total mass of all mechanical resistance of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP1) in kg. The repeated tests consistently yielded the same results, indicating a constant production of clean energy of the same magnitude. The system generated clean energy totaling 379 joules, corresponding to a power output of 379 watts, as illustrated in the data (Fig. 2 ). The clean‑energy computations were performed using Equation (S2). Comprehensive derivations, including Equation (S2), are documented in Section S1 of the Supporting Information. CE(SDP1) = M INP(SDP1) (H (VTL1). G + 1/2V2 (PCT1 - S CT1)) … ( 2 ) where; CE(SDP1) is the Clean Energy generated by SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP1) in Joule (j) H(VTL1) is the Height of Vertical Travel Line (VTL1) of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP1) in meter (m), MINP(SDP1) is the Net input mass on SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP1) in kilogram (kg), V(PCT1-SCT1) is the Velocity of Principal Capsule Tank (PCT1) and Velocity of Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT1) in meter per second (m/s) and G is the Constant of Universal gravitational acceleration in (m/s2) 2.3.2 Case II In this case, experiments and tests were conducted in Irvington, NJ 07111, America, during the summer season on 07/09/2017. For these tests, samples were collected from site TS2 in Ocean Grove, New Jersey, with full details provided in Section S2 of the Supporting Information. The collected seawater was measured using a Liquid Densimeter, resulting in a density of 8.58 ppg. An Optima Scales OP-924A- 1000 LED Display was used to measure the weight of the seawater, which amounted to 122 lbs. This quantity was then used to fill the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), which had a capacity of 15 gallons. Sand was collected from the same beach at The Pier, Ocean Grove, New Jersey, and left to dry under the sun for five days. The dried Sand was then measured using an Optima Scales OP-924A-1000 LED 2016 Display, weighing 25 lbs. This Sand was subsequently filled into the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), which had a capacity of 6 gallons. During all 11 repeated tests, the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) gained a net weight input of 87 lbs. as it reached a height of 13 ft along the Vertical Travel Line (VTL), as illustrated in (Fig. 3 ). Consistently throughout each study and experiment, the same amount of Water (W), Sand (S), and Air (A) was utilized, with the Brake P ump Chamber (BPC) being kept open and filled with Air at atmospheric pressure, measured at 1 atm or 14.69 psi. At the start of each test, the SDP initially stored 2150 joules of potential energy, while the Rotary Table System (RTS) had zero energy output. The results obtained from the 11 tests were identical, showing a consistent pattern. During each test, the weight of Water (W) in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) decreased as the piston entered the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) system, compensating for the increase in Sand (S) weight. The mechanical resistances within the system produced a net input weight gain of 87 lbs. for the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP), as calculated using Equation (S3) presented in Section S1 of the Supporting Information. M INP(SDP2) = M (PCT2) - (M (SCT2) + M MR(SDP2)) … ( 3 ) where; MINP(SDP1) denotes Net input mas s of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP2) in kg M(PCT2) denotes Total mas s of PRINCIPAL CAP SULE TANK (PCT2) in kg. M(SCT2) represents the Total mas s of SECONDARY CAP SULE TANK (SCT2) in kg. MMR(SDP2) denotes the Total mass of all mechanical resistance of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP2) in kg. The repeated tests consistently yielded the same results, indicating a constant production of clean energy with the same magnitude. The system generated a total of 1533 joules of clean energy, corresponding toa power output of 1533 watts. This value was obtained through the computational procedure defined by Equation (S4), with the complete formulation and supporting derivations presented in Section S1 of the Supporting Information, and the resulting output is illustrated in Fig. 4 . CE(SDP2) = M INP(SDP2) (H (VTL2). G + 1/2V2(PCT2 – S CT2)) … ( 4 ) where; CE(SDP2) is the Clean Energy generated by SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP2) in Joule (j) H(VTL2) is the Height of Vertical Travel Line (VTL2) of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP2) in meter (m), M INP(SDP2) is the Net input mass on SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP2) in kilogram (kg), V(PCT2-SCT2) is the Velocity of Principal Capsule Tank (PCT2) and Velocity of Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT2) in meter per second (m/s) and G is the Constant of Universal gravitational acceleration in (m/s2). 2.3.3 Case III This experiment was conducted in Farmington, NM, USA during the winter season on 12/16/2022. For these tests, sample water was collected from TS3 at the Animas River in Farmington, New Mexico, documented in the Supporting Information (Section S2). The weight of river water collected was measured using a Liquid Densimeter, which resulted in a density of 8.35 ppm. The water weighed 250 lbs. and was used to fill the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) with a 30-gallon capacity. The sand used in the experiment was measured using an Optima Scales OP-924A-1000 LED Display and weighed 65 lbs. This sand was filled into the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), which had a capacity of 5 gallons. The experiment involved the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP), which was prefilled with a weight of 183 lbs. and dropped to a height of 1.5m along the Vertical Travel Line (VTL). The same amount of Water (W), Sand (S), and Air (A) was used in each test, and the Brake Pump Chamber (BPC) was filled with air at atmospheric pressure (1.46 psi). The SDP initially stored 5084 joules of potential energy, and the Rotary Table System (RTS) had zero energy output. The experiment tested the mechanical resistances within the system, and the SDP was dropped nine times with consistent results. The weight of Water (W) in the PCT decreased as the piston entered the SDP, compensating for the increase in weight. The SDP computed using Eq. 5 as demonstrated Section S1 Equation (S5). MINP(SDP3) = M (PCT3) - (M (SCT3) + M MR(SDP3)) … ( 5 ) Where: MINP(SDP3) denotes Net Impact mass of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP3) in kg M(PCT3) denotes Total mass of PRINCIPAL CAPSULE TANK (PCT3) in kg M(SCT3) denotes Total mass of SECONDARY CAPSULE TANK (SCT3) in kg M MR(SDP3) denotes Total mechanical resistance of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP3) in kg The repeated tests consistently yielded the same results, indicating a constant production of clean energy of the same magnitude. The repeated tests consistently produced identical results, confirming a stable generation of clean energy. The system generated 3721 joules of clean energy, corresponding to a measured power output of 3721 watts, as determined through Equation (S6) and documented in Section S1 of the Supporting Information. The resulting performance output and associated measurement conditions are illustrated in Fig. 6 . CE(SDP3) = MINP(SDP3) (H (VTL3). G + 1/2V2 (PCT3 – S CT3)) … ( 6 ) where; CE(SDP3) is the Clean Energy generated by SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP3) in Joule (j) H(VT L3) is the Height of Vertical Travel Line (VTL3) of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP3) in meter (m) MINP(SDP3) is the Net input mass on SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP3) in kilogram (kg) V(PCT3 - SCT3) is the Velocity of Principal Capsule Tank (PCT3) and Velocity of Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT3) in meter per second (m/s) and 2.3.4 Case IV In this case, the experiments and tests were conducted in Farmington, NM 87401, America, during the winter season on 12/20/2022. For these tests, melt snow water was collected in Farmington, NM, illustrated in (Location Test, S3 TS2). The collected water was measured using a Liquid Densimeter, resulting in a density of 8.37 ppg. An Optima Scales OP-924A-1000 LED Display was utilized to measure the weight of the water, which amounted to 310 lbs. This quantity was then used to fill the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), which had a capacity of 40 gallons. Furthermore, QUIKRETE Premium Play sand purchased from Home Depot Farmington, NM, was measured using an Optima Scales OP-924A-1000 LED Display, weighing 80 lbs. This Sand was then filled into the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), which had a capacity of 6 gallons. During all 10 repeated tests, the SOYO S DROP PISTON (SDP) gained a net weight input of 205 lbs. as it reached a height of 20 ft along the Vertical Travel Line (VTL), as illustrated in data (Fig. 7 ). Consistently throughout each study and experiment, the same amount of Water (W), Sand (S), and Air (A) were used, with the Brake Pump Chamber (BPC) being kept open and filled with Air at atmospheric pressure, measured at 1 atm or 14.69 psi. After releasing the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), clean energy generation was observed in the system. The results consistently showed a clean energy production of 5558 joules and 5558 watts at the Rotary Table System (RTS) in all ten repeated tests. At the beginning of each test, the SDP initially stored 8406 joules of potential energy, while the RTS had zero energy output. The results obtained from the ten tests were identical, indicating a consistent pattern. During each test, the weight of Water (W) in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) decreased as the piston entered the SOYOS DROP PISTON (S DP) system, compensating for the increase in Sand (S) weight. The mechanical resistance within the system enabled the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) to gain a net input weight of 205 lbs. The corresponding value was computed through Equation (S7), with the full formulation and supporting derivations presented in Section S1 of the Supporting Information. M INP(SDP4) = M (PCT4) - (M (SCT4) + M MR(SDP4)) … ( 7 ) where; MINP(SDP4) denotes Net input mass of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP4) in kg M(PCT4) denotes Total mas s of PRINCIPAL CAP SULE TANK (PCT4) in kg. M(SCT4) represents the Total mas s of SECONDARY CAP SULE TANK (SCT4) in kg. MMR(SDP3) denotes the Total mas s of all mechanical resistance of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP4) in kg. The repeated tests consistently demonstrated the same gain of clean energy with the same quantity. The system generated clean energy totaling 5558 joules, corresponding to a power output of 5558 watts as illustrated in data (Fig. 8 ). The value was obtained through Equation (S8), with full derivations available in Section S1 of the Supporting Information and was further supported by the corresponding measurement data collected under the specified test conditions. CE(SDP4) = M INP(SDP4) (H (VTL4). G + 1/2V2 (PCT4 - S CT4)) … ( 8 ) where; CE(SDP4) is the Clean Energy generated by SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP4) in Joule (j) H (VT L4) is the Height of Vertical Travel Line (VTL4) of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP4) in meter (m). M INP(SDP4) is the Net input mass on SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP4) in kilogram (kg) V (PCT4 - SCT4) is the Velocity of Principal Capsule Tank (PCT4) and Velocity of Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT4) in meter per second (m/s) and G is the Constant of Universal gravitational acceleration in (m/s2). Comparative Case Figures 9 and 10 present comparative data from tests using liquid water in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) and sand in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) for final output power generation. These experiments, conducted across prototype generations from 2011, 2017, and 2022, form a consistent experimental record. Across all campaigns, the system consistently delivered clean energy with stable performance regardless of prototype version or input medium. The final energy output was computed using Equation (S9), with full formulation and derivations provided in Section S1 of the Supporting Information. Where: CE(SECE) as CE(SDP)n is the Clean Energy generated by n SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP)n in Joule (j). H(VTL)n is the Height of Vertical Travel Line (VTL1) of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP)n in meters (m). MINP(SDP)n is the Net input mass on SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP)n in kilogram (kg). V(PCT-SCT)n is the Velocity of Principal Capsule Tank (PCT)n and Velocity of Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT)n in meter per second (m/s) and G is the Constant of Universal gravitational acceleration in (m/s2). 3. Results The SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) consistently demonstrated clean energy input and output with remarkable environmental friendliness, emitting zero carbon. These findings were consistent across all studies, experiments, and tests repeated forty-three ( 43 ) times. The SDP showcased minimal noise and affordability, making it a promising solution for clean energy generation. Crucially, the experiments consistently yielded a significant finding that persisted across different seasons and geographic locations worldwide. The SDP, utilizing AIR (A), SAND (S), and WATER (W) ASW, consistently generated clean energy output without emitting any carbon. This clean energy source proved renewable, sustainable, and non-depleting, highlighting its potential for widespread adoption. The results also unveiled variations in the amount of SAND input in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) and liquid WATER input in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT). Interestingly, despite being connected in the opposite elevated direction, the weight carried by the PCT exceeded the amount of Sand in the SCT. However, these variations did not hinder the SDP's consistent input and output of clean energy. It was observed that the SDP generated an additional amount of clean energy equivalent to the weight difference between the PCT and the SCT, accounting for any mechanical resistances in the system based on time, height distance, and elevation angle. The studies established a clear relationship known as Net Input Mas s, which quantifies the Total Mass of the PCT filled with liquid water minus the combined Total Mas s of the SCT filled with Sand and the Total equivalent mass of mechanical resistance. This relationship allows for a comprehensive understanding of the system's energy dynamics. Furthermore, the investigations revealed that the Mechanical Clean Energy produced by the SDP equaled the Total Mechanical Energy of the PCT with liquid Water input minus the combined Total Mechanical Energy of the SCT with Sand input, along with the Total equivalent mechanical resistance of the system. This finding highlights the efficiency of the SDP in converting input energy into clean mechanical output. Moreover, it was consistently observed that the Total equivalent mechanical resistance was always lower than the Total Mass of the SCT filled with Sand. Additionally, the Total Mechanical Energy of all resistance systems was found to be inferior to the Total Mechanical Energy of the SCT with Sand input. These results provide valuable insights into the energy efficiency and performance of the SDP system. In the experiments where multiple SDP units were aligned to form the SECE® (SOYOS ENVIRONMENT CLEAN ENGINE), a continuous stream of clean, sustainable, readily available, and affordable energy was produced. This finding demonstrates the potential for scaling up the SDP technology to create a more powerful and reliable energy generation system. Furthermore, the experiments highlighted the versatility of the SDP in utilizing different input materials. Clean and sustainable energy could be generated from any liquid with a melting point of 0.00°C and a boiling point of 100°C, coupled with Air at atmospheric pressure, along with any form of Sand that exhibited liquid-like behavior. The Sand (S) exhibited the ability to modify the reset speed of the PCT during the Step 4 SECE® travel reset of Soyos Drop Piston Clean Stroke cycles, enabling timing adjustments and further enhancing energy generation. Additionally, the studies revealed that any amount of retracting Sand (S) in the SCT increased clean energy input during Step 2 SECE® Power Input Clean Stroke. This finding suggests the potential for optimizing the SDP system's energy input by adjusting the amount of Sand used. These comprehensive findings provide a deeper understanding of the SDP's clean energy generation capabilities. Consistent, clean energy production, minimal environmental impact, and affordability make the SDP a promising solution for sustainable energy needs. 4. Discussion This work presents a significant finding regarding the behavior of the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) in relation to the amount of liquid water in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) compared to the quantity of Sand in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), which is connected in the opposite elevated direction. Remarkably, regardless of the specific amounts involved, the SDP consistently demonstrated the input and output of clean energy by generating additional clean energy equivalent to the weight difference between the PCT and the SCT regardless of any mechanical resistances within the SDP system, which vary based on factors such as time, height distance, and angle of elevation. Furthermore, the use of AIR (A), SAND (S), and WATER (W) ASW as a non-combustible fuel source in the SDP system proves to be both renewable and sustainable. This non-combustible fuel combination produces clean and greener energy without any carbon emissions, making it an environmentally friendly choice. Unlike other fuel sources that may deplete over time, the ASW mixture remains readily available and can be continuously utilized to generate clean energy, thus contributing to the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions and promoting a greener energy future. Moreover, SECE® ENERGY represents a revolutionary advancement in energy technology. By harnessing the power of ASW consisting of AIR (A), SAND (S), and WATER (W) as a non-combustible fuel, the SECE® ENERGY engine offers numerous benefits. It ensures a continuous and repeated supply of sustainable energy, making it a reliable and durable solution. Additionally, this energy source is remarkably affordable and readily accessible, providing an accessible means to combat climate change and reduce carbon emissions on a global scale. The SECE® ENERGY engine represents a significant step forward in addressing environmental challenges and promoting a healthier, cleaner Earth. The comprehensive experiments and tests revealed an intriguing observation whereby Newtonian fluids, such as liquid Water and Air at any atmospheric pressure, can resist flow without altering their flow rate or applied stress. This unique characteristic makes them an excellent source of non-combustible fuel, offering numerous environmental advantages. When combined with Sand grains in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), the system's capabilities expand, resulting in even greater benefits in greener energy production, affordability, and availability. The inclusion of Sand (S) in the system is pivotal in enhancing its energy generation capabilities. The Sand, with its distinctive grain structure and pourability, provides the means to adjust the input energy within the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP). The system can effectively increase or decrease the input energy by adding, removing, or modifying the amount of Sand present. This flexibility contributes to the overall efficiency and performance of the SDP, resulting in a more versatile and adaptable non-combustible fuel source. Moreover, the utilization of Sand as a non-combustible fuel brings additional advantages to the system. Sand offers inherent affordability and availability, making it an accessible resource for energy generation. Its abundance and ease of procurement contribute to the economic viability of the SDP system, ensuring a cost-effective and sustainable energy solution. Additionally, Sand's non-combustible nature aligns with the goal of minimizing carbon emissions and promoting a cleaner environment. By harnessing the combined power of Newtonian fluids like Water and Air and the strategic incorporation of Sand, the SDP system demonstrates its ability to generate greener energy with numerous advantages. This comprehensive approach addresses both environmental concerns and practical considerations, paving the way for a more sustainable and efficient energy future. The experiments and tests conducted in this study provided valuable insights into the relationship between various factors and the generation of clean energy by the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) system. Various observations were made, shedding light on the important variables that influence the energy production process: The presence of Sand (S) or any other material in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), combined with the SDP and mechanical resistance (MR), when compared to the given amount of water (W) in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), results in the SDP consistently generating steady clean energy. This finding underscores the significant role played by the ratio of materials and their interactions within the system. The height of the Vertical Travel Line (VTL) directly impacts the amount of clean energy produced by the SDP. As the VTL increases, the system's potential energy increases accordingly, leading to a higher output of clean energy. This relationship highlights the importance of optimizing the vertical distance to maximize energy generation. Increasing the volume of water in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) positively affects the SDP's clean energy output. The greater the mass of water, the more energy can be harnessed and converted into useful work. This observation emphasizes the significance of water as a crucial component for energy generation within the system. Conversely, reducing the amount of Sand (S) in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) results in an increase in the clean energy produced by the SDP. With less mass in the SCT, there is a more favorable balance of forces, allowing for a higher net energy output. This finding highlights the potential for optimizing the composition of materials within the system to enhance energy efficiency. On the other hand, increasing the amount of Sand (S) in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) leads to a corresponding increase in the clean energy generated by the SDP. The greater mass of the SCT, when combined with the appropriate dynamics of the system, contributes to a higher net energy output. This observation underscores the significance of finding the right balance between material composition and mass for optimal energy production. By understanding and manipulating these factors, it is possible to fine-tune the SDP system to achieve higher levels of clean energy production. These findings provide valuable insights for designing and optimizing greener energy systems based on the SDP concept. The SECE® ENERGY system offers clean, affordable, and sustainable energy technologies that can be implemented across various industries. It aims to accelerate the battle against climate change by reducing carbon emissions in energy production processes. This innovative approach, powered by ASW, represents a significant step forward in advancing the global effort to create a cleaner, more sustainable future of energy. 5. Implications This paper primarily focuses on power generation and electricity production using the SECE® ENERGY power plant. The main objective is to significantly reduce the cost of electricity, making it more affordable for consumers. This approach aims to save customers money while providing clean power with minimal noise and zero carbon emissions. The SECE® ENERGY power plant has the potential to generate 110 MW of clean power, utilizing less than 2 acres of land. This efficient and sustainable energy solution can profoundly impact various sectors, including cities, industries, transportation, reforestation, agriculture, animal husbandry, isolated locations, government facilities, steel factories, cement factories, chemical factories, and disadvantaged communities. By implementing SECE® ENERGY, these sectors can benefit from the environmental advantages of clean power generation. This technology can contribute to the production of environmentally friendly products and services while mitigating the negative effects of carbon emissions. Furthermore, SECE® ENERGY is adaptable to both small and large scales, making it a versatile tool for clean energy generation. This scalability enables its widespread implementation, making it an effective solution for advancing climate change battles and transitioning toward a more sustainable future. The implications of this research are significant, as it offers a promising avenue for addressing environmental challenges and meeting the increasing demand for clean and affordable energy. By promoting the adoption of SECE® ENERGY, we can foster a more sustainable and environmentally conscious society, benefiting both present and future generations. 6. Limitations This study focuses exclusively on power production on planet Earth, considering various seasons and open different geographic locations with atmospheric pressure. A significant limitation was observed during the initial testing phase of the SDP in Africa. When utilizing a larger volume and weight in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) that approached or exceeded the Principal Capsule Tank's (PCT) weight, there was a decrease in power generation. This negative finding indicated that the proportion and balance between the SCT and PCT were crucial for optimal power output. To address this limitation, careful consideration was given to Sand's choice and the SCT design. By selecting a sand type that offered higher weight per unit volume and optimizing the SCT's construction, it was possible to occupy less volume while still achieving a higher weight in the SCT. This adjustment proved advantageous in enhancing the system's input power. 7. Future Directives Further research is to extend SECE® ENERGY on other planets using an adaptable invent SDP on natural elements available on these planets with their properties combinations to power the SDP as sources Fuel with the best environmental fit. Further research endeavors aim to expand the application of SECE® ENERGY to other planets within our solar system and beyond. The objective is to develop an adaptable version of the SDP that can harness the natural elements on these planets, utilizing their unique properties and combinations to power the SDP as a fuel source with the best environmental fit. Each planet possesses its own distinct set of resources and environmental conditions, such as atmospheric composition, surface composition, and gravitational forces. To effectively utilize these resources, scientists and engineers must conduct extensive investigations into the chemical and physical properties of the available elements. This research will enable the design of specialized SDP prototypes capable of extracting energy from the specific elements found on each planetary body. By leveraging the inherent characteristics of these natural elements, such as gases, liquids, and solid materials, future iterations of the SDP can be optimized for maximum efficiency and power generation. This research will require interdisciplinary collaboration among experts in fields such as planetary science, material science, and engineering to ensure the successful adaptation of the SDP to extraterrestrial environments. The outcome of this further research holds significant potential for revolutionizing sustainable energy production on Earth and other celestial bodies. By utilizing local resources and minimizing reliance on external fuel sources, future space missions and colonization efforts can become more self-sufficient, environmentally friendly, and economically viable. Ultimately, by expanding SECE® ENERGY to other planets and celestial bodies, we can contribute to the advancement of human exploration and establish a foundation for sustainable energy systems beyond Earth. 8. Conclusions The studies, experiments, and tests conducted in this work provide clear, reproducible, and technically consistent evidence supporting the operational validity of the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) system within the SECE® ENERGY Technology framework. Across all experimental conditions, the system demonstrated that clean mechanical energy is reliably generated whenever the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), containing a mass of Water (W) greater than the mass of Sand (S) in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), is allowed to actuate the SDP mechanism under atmospheric Air (A) input. Energy production was consistently observed at the Rotary Table System (RTS), with performance strongly influenced by the elevation angle of the SDP assembly. A key finding of this research is that energy output increases significantly when the SDP reaches a 90‑degree elevation, where the RTS operates in a fully vertical configuration. This behavior confirms the mechanical advantage inherent in the SDP’s gravitational‑hydrodynamic interaction. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that multiple SDP units can be aligned and synchronized, enabling continuous, uninterrupted clean‑energy generation suitable for powering external mechanical loads and electricity‑generation systems. This modularity is a defining strength of SECE® ENERGY Technology, allowing scalability from small installations to large‑scale infrastructure. Overall, the results of this research indicate that SECE® ENERGY Technology represents a promising, practical, and environmentally clean energy‑generation approach. 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6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":134918,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eClean energy output for the study carried out in America (Farmington, NM USA).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8628262/v1/519531fcb43a2bc372b7cd8a.jpg"},{"id":100753249,"identity":"5f750ce3-0aa7-4863-87b3-a7c0541a7317","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 05:36:36","extension":"jpg","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":162599,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eInput parameters for the study carried out in America (Farmington, NM USA) during winter.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"7.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8628262/v1/dab84a68287b1aa518b2e4da.jpg"},{"id":100753239,"identity":"879947e1-760b-4bfe-acd4-373aca55d119","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 05:36:35","extension":"jpg","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":136976,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eClean energy output for the study carried out in America (Farmington, NM USA) during winter.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"8.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8628262/v1/ad94ec8dfc6e77043f48fa7a.jpg"},{"id":100796574,"identity":"bdd6989a-a245-4d5c-ad8b-d94e5ccb8dc5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 13:44:17","extension":"jpg","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":227202,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eComparative data of clean energy output with input distances yield across various regions.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"9.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8628262/v1/492ae7f87bb41d70eb72646d.jpg"},{"id":100753233,"identity":"e31641a4-d13f-4ead-9054-057bbf094e1f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-21 05:36:35","extension":"jpg","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":225523,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eComparative data of clean energy yield across various regions.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"10.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8628262/v1/aca575db8bb4f891e49dbf1e.jpg"},{"id":100952718,"identity":"60e3db74-bdfc-4b7e-a16d-ad2144d838f3","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2026-01-23 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05:36:36","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":100704,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Graphicalabstract.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8628262/v1/c865a3c1e766a3aa6db36f63.jpg"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eSECE® Energy, Affordable and Environmentally Clean Energy Generation Technology Utilizing Air, Sand, and Water for Climate Change Solutions\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"1. Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eClimate change represents one of the most profound and accelerating threats to human societies,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eecosystems, and global economic stability. The continued rise in anthropogenic greenhouse gas\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eemissions driven primarily by the combustion of fossil fuels have disrupted the Earth\u0026rsquo;s energy balance and intensified global warming. Fossil fuels, including coal, oil, and natural gas, remain responsible for approximately three‑quarters of global greenhouse gas emissions, with carbon dioxide constituting nearly 90% of total emissions. This persistent dependence on carbon‑intensive energy systems has triggered a cascade of environmental consequences, including polar ice melt, sea‑level rise, ocean acidification, and increasingly volatile climate extremes. These impacts collectively threaten the stability of natural and human systems, underscoring the urgency of transitioning to cleaner and more sustainable energy pathways.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe intensification of hurricanes, droughts, heat waves, and floods has already begun to reshape\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eagricultural productivity, freshwater availability, and ecosystem resilience. Such disruptions jeopardize global food security, biodiversity, and the stability of densely populated regions. As climate impacts accelerate, the scientific community and international institutions have emphasized the urgent need to reduce emissions and limit global warming to well below 2\u0026deg;C, in alignment with the Paris Agreement.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAchieving this target requires not only the rapid deployment of existing renewable technologies but also the development of fundamentally new energy‑generation pathways capable of overcoming the structural limitations of current systems. This includes addressing challenges related to resource intermittency, geographical dependence, material scarcity, and infrastructure constraints, which continue to hinder the scalability and universal accessibility of today\u0026rsquo;s clean‑energy solutions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhile renewable energy technologies such as solar, wind, hydropower, and geothermal energy have expanded significantly, they remain constrained by environmental variability and resource availability. Solar and wind power rely on fluctuating atmospheric conditions, requiring extensive storage or grid‑balancing systems to ensure reliability. Hydropower, although dependable, is geographically restricted and can pose ecological risks. These limitations highlight the need for complementary, innovative, and universally accessible clean‑energy solutions that can operate independently of weather patterns and without reliance on combustion processes. The search for such alternatives has become a central priority in global decarbonization strategies.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThroughout human history, societies have relied on the elemental forces of air, fire, sand, and water for survival, construction, and energy production. Among these, fire through the combustion of biomass and fossil fuels has dominated energy generation for centuries. However, combustion‑based systems inherently produce greenhouse gases and pollutants, making them incompatible with long‑term climate‑stabilization goals. As the environmental costs of fire‑based energy become increasingly untenable, attention has shifted toward the remaining elemental forces: Air (A), Sand (S), and Water (W), collectively referred to as ASW. Each of these elements already plays a role in modern renewable energy systems: air drives wind turbines, sand‑derived silicon enables photovoltaic technologies, and waterpower hydropower systems. Yet in all these cases, the elements are used independently, and their energy potential is harnessed through large‑scale infrastructure that depends on environmental conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhat remains largely unexplored is the combined mechanical potential of Air, Sand, and Water as\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eintegrated working media within a controlled, closed‑loop system capable of generating continuous, carbon‑free mechanical energy. This conceptual shift from using ASW as isolated natural resources to employing them as internal mechanical agents opens a new frontier in clean‑energy research. Instead of relying on external environmental inputs such as sunlight, wind speed, or water flow, a closed‑loop ASW system leverages the intrinsic physical properties of these elements to produce stable, repeatable, and controllable mechanical work. This emerging framework challenges long‑standing assumptions about renewable‑energy generation and expands the scientific landscape toward novel, non‑combustion energy pathways.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study introduces and experimentally evaluates such a system through SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY Technology, developed under the SOYOS PROGRAM by IRIDCCS TECHNOLOGIES.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis technology proposes a novel, combustion‑free mechanism in which ASW acts as renewable,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003enon‑polluting working media for internal mechanical exchanges. Unlike conventional renewable\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esystems, SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY does not rely on external environmental conditions such as sunlight, wind speed, or water flow.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eInstead, it harnesses the density contrasts, pressure dynamics, and gravitational interactions of ASW within a controlled apparatus to generate mechanical energy. Central to this investigation is the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) system, an experimental platform designed to evaluate the mechanical interactions and energy‑conversion potential of ASW. Across 43 independent studies and experimental trials conducted in multiple seasons and geographic locations, the SDP system demonstrated consistent, repeatable, and stable mechanical energy output. These results suggest that ASW‑based systems may represent a new class of renewable mechanical energy technology capable of complementing existing clean‑energy infrastructures.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe scientific significance of this work lies in three key contributions:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003ea novel energy‑generation mechanism that operates without combustion, chemical reactions, or atmospheric dependence,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003ethe integration of universally abundant natural elements air, sand, and water into a unified mechanical system, and\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eexperimental validation demonstrating the feasibility, stability, and repeatability of ASW‑driven mechanical energy production.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBy shifting focus from carbon‑intensive fire‑based energy to the environmentally benign forces of Air, Sand, and Water, this research highlights a pathway toward sustainable, accessible, and globally deployable clean‑energy solutions. ASW resources are naturally available to all populations, independent of geography, climate, or economic status. Their use in a controlled mechanical system offers the potential to reduce emissions, enhance energy equity, and support climate‑change mitigation efforts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis paper therefore aims to:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eexamine the scientific principles underlying ASW‑based mechanical energy generation,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eevaluate the performance of the SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY system through experimental evidence, and\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cp\u003eassess the environmental and socio-economic implications of deploying ASW technologies on a scale.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThrough the development of a new scientific, conceptual, and technological pathway for clean‑energy production, this study reinforces global efforts to accelerate the transition toward innovative, resilient, and low‑carbon energy systems. Offering a credible alternative to combustion‑based technologies, it contributes to the long‑term sustainability of our planet and supports the creation of energy infrastructures capable of meeting the needs of present and future generations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec2\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e1.1 Research Scope\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the past millennium, human activities predominantly relied on burning fossil fuels, coal, and wood to produce power, leading to negative consequences such as climate change. To address this issue and combat the effects of climate change on humanity, it is crucial to discover a clean energy solution that is universally applicable, environmentally friendly, less noisy, requires less land, and is affordable for all populations. Many natural resources currently employed by humans have adverse effects on life, cost, and the environment. This paper selects three natural elements as power sources due to their environmental advantages, availability, and affordability to populations. Air, present globally at atmospheric pressure, is freely accessible to all humans and offers significant environmental benefits. Sand, abundantly found across the Earth's surface, provides universal access and sustainability. Water, covering approximately 71% of the Earth's surface, can be harnessed by all populations sustainably and renewably. Combining these natural resources allows us to leverage their numerous advantages over conventional power sources. The central question of this research is whether we can generate a power solution that effectively addresses and resolves the challenges posed by carbon emissions, which planet Earth currently confronts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"2. Methodology","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.1 Background\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis paper addresses a fundamental question regarding the potential of utilizing a combination of AIR, SAND, and WATER as a clean power source with distinct advantages over previous methods. The focus of this study is to conduct rigorous research, experiments, and tests to explore the feasibility of generating electricity using AIR (A), SAND (S), and WAT E R (W) referred to as ASW as a non-combustible, environmentally friendly resource for power generation. The objective is to provide sustainable, affordable, and readily available electricity regardless of location or season, thereby contributing to the fight against climate change and carbon emissions. A comprehensive series of 43 studies, tests, and experiments were conducted across various locations and seasons, specifically targeting the environmentally friendly elements and natural resources of ASW: AIR, SAND, and WATER. These investigations aimed to harness renewable and sustainable sources to generate clean, affordable, and accessible energy for various applications, expediting solutions to address carbon emissions and advance climate change initiatives. In this research, we employed the innovative SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP), developed by SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY, to conduct the 43 studies, experiments, and tests in diverse geographic areas and during different seasons, ensuring a comprehensive analysis of the findings.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results consistently demonstrated that SDP generated Clean, Greener, Available, Affordable, and Renewable Energy. Furthermore, it established AIR, SAND, and WATER as non-combustible fuels and an environmentally friendly source for power generation, reinforcing their viability and potential for widespread implementation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.2 Working Mechanism of the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP)\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) is an integral component of the SECE\u0026reg; (SOYOS ENVIRONMENT CLEAN ENGINE), which is a system and method designed to produce clean, sustainable, and readily available power. The SDP utilizes a unique assembly of multiple Clean Pistons developed for this purpose. The system operates as follows: The Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), connected to any transmission system, enters with a small gap between the Brake Pump Chamber as Brake Piston Cylinder (BPC) and the PCT. As the PCT enters, it compresses Air in the chamber, mechanically braking and pushing the water pump piston rod to its final position. This action allows for the displacement of an equivalent amount of liquid water from the PCT, which is then pumped back up to the upward tank, thereby converting mechanical energy into stored potential energy. Once emptied, the PCT is ready for the next cycle.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) facilitates the release and retrieval of the empty PCT,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ereturning it to the initial top position to be refilled with liquid water. This process enables the\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eformation of a Clean Piston system that undergoes four distinct steps of cycles, with each stroke\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eoccurring in sequence.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe four-cycle process of the SECE\u0026reg; (SOYOS ENVIRONMENT CLEAN\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eENGINE) comprises distinct steps, each serving a specific purpose. Let's examine each step in detail:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStep 1\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eSECE\u0026reg; ENERGY Fluid Intake Clean Stroke\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring this step, known as the Fluid Intake Clean Stroke, the principal Capsule, positioned higher, opens the valve system to allow Newtonian fluid (Water) to fill the capsule. The filling process continues until the principal capsule reaches its capacity, with the valve cutting off the fluid from the upward tank. At this point, the capsule catcher prepares the clean mechanical energy in preparation for the next step.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStep 2\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eSECE\u0026reg; ENERGY Power Input Clean Stroke\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this stage, the Newtonian fluid (water) is filled to the desired amount in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT). Meanwhile, the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) is prefilled with Sand to cover the empty principal capsule's weight and provide resistance. An additional amount of Sand is added to allow for customization of the system's reset timing. The capsule catcher release system, controlled by a start button or launch system, releases the principal capsule, supplying the system with significant mechanical energy converted into rotational energy.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStep 3\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eSECE\u0026reg; ENERGY Brake-Pump-Drain Clean Stroke\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003efinal bottom position, where it encounters a compressed spring brake located at the bottom ending\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe principal capsule continues its movement, causing the head flat pump rod to reach the\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003emechanism involves the release of the principal cap s ule' s drop fluid valve to empty its contents.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring this stage, the system draws power from the top position, specifically from the entry of the brake-pump chamber (BPC) of the principal vertical travel line (VTL). As the principal capsule Tank (PCT) enters the chamber, three mechanisms come into play. Firstly, the clutch disengages the rotary table system (RTS) to the clean stroke maker (CSM) system. Secondly, the next capsule catcher of the Soyos Drop Piston (SDP) is released, ensuring a continuous power input to the system. Simultaneously, the Air within the brake-pump chamber is compressed due to the entry restriction, speed and volume of the capsule, exerting a substantial force that pushes the head flat pump rod to the bottom, effectively pumping back the fluid initially filled in the principal capsule. The third position.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003eStep 4\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003eSECE\u0026reg; ENERGY Travel Reset of Soyos Drop Piston Clean Stroke\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this final step, the principal capsule's drop fluid valve retains, opens, emptying the fluid within the capsule. As the principal capsule rests on the absorber spring at the final bottom position, the secondary capsule, filled with Sand, becomes unbalanced to accommodate the principal capsule.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe principal capsule fully empties its fluid from the bottom to the exit of the brake-pump chamber,\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eenabling its return to the top as needed. Additionally, an additional amount of Sand is filled in the\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003esecondary capsule. At the top position, the head flat pump rod resets and is pulled from the bottom water pump rod to its top position, filling the water piston chamber with fluid from the downward tank, ensuring the same amount of water is filled on top with the upward tank.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFinally, the capsule catcher and spring absorber halt and retain the principal capsule in its top final\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eposition, and the cycle repeats.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3 Experiments\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe initial studies, tests, and experiments utilizing the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) were conducted in AFRICA N\u0026rsquo;djamena NDJ TD, Moursal, on 08/12/2011, during the rainy season.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results demonstrated that the SDP successfully generated clean energy and power. Subsequently, further studies, tests, and experiments were conducted using the SDP in AMERICA Irvington, NJ 07111, on 07/09/2017, during the summer season, which also yielded positive outcomes in terms of clean energy production. The third and fourth sets of studies, tests, and experiments utilizing the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) occurred in AMERICA Farmington, NM 87401, on 12/16/2022 and 12/20/2022, during the winter season. The findings from these experiments revealed that the SDP generated cleaner, greener, more affordable, available, and more sustainable energy. The study utilized a specially designed clean piston called the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) within the SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY technology framework.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis piston facilitated the input of clean strokes, resulting in clean energy output. It comprised several components, including the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), Brake Pump Chamber (BPC), Rotary Table System (RTS) with wire chain, mechanical tachometer, and Vertical Travel Line (VTL). To facilitate the study, a Taylor High Capacity Hanging Dial Scale 2009 and an Optima Scales OP-924A-1000 LED 2016 Display were employed to measure and adjust the weight of water (W) and Sand (S) in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) and Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditionally, a Liquid Densimeter (mud balance) was used to measure the density of different types of liquid water from various sources, such as rainwater, seawater, river water, and melted snow water, enabling comprehensive research, experiments, and tests. The primary objective was to input a combination of AIR, SAND, and WATER (ASW) into the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) as sustainable and non-combustible fuel sources, allowing for repeated use as a sustainable fuel source throughout the 43 studies, experiments, and tests. As the initial results proved successful, the studies were expanded to different locations and seasons, using both small and large versions of the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) to determine whether we could consistently generate clean energy as the final output for external work sources. This broader exploration aimed to generalize the findings and identify the best and most affordable greener energy generation technology.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3.1 Case I\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this case, the initial experiment and tests were conducted in AFRICA N'djamena NDJ TD, Moursal, on 08/12/2011, during the rainy season. The Rainwater collected from the rooftop was used, and its density was measured using a Liquid Densimeter, which yielded a value of 8.36 pounds per gallon (ppg). A Taylor High Capacity Hanging Dial Scale 2009 was utilized to measure a weight of 50 lbs., representing the amount of rainwater required to fill the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) with a capacity of 6 gallons. A Taylor High Capacity Hanging Dial Scale 2009 was utilized to measure a weight of 50 lbs., representing the amount of rainwater required to fill the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT)with a capacity of 6 gallons. Sample of Sand and water for TS1 was collected from Location 1, with full site details and environmental conditions documented in Section S2 of the Supporting Information. The Sand and water collection were gathered from the river Chari and the sand measured using an Optima Scales OP -924A-1000 LED Display, resulting in a weight of 10 lbs. This amount of Sand was then deposited into the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), which had a capacity of 1 gallon. The SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) achieved a net weight input of 35 lbs. by combining the rainwater in the PCT and the Sand in the SCT. This weight was measured at 8 feet along the Vertical Travel Line (VTL). These data points across all 13 tests conducted are illustrated in data (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, the same quantities of Water (W), Sand (S), and Air (A) were used, with the Brake Pump Chamber (BPC) kept open and filled with Air at atmospheric pressure, measured at1 atm or 14.69 psi. The experimental set up was measured and maintained consistently throughout all13 repeated tests. At the start of each test, the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) stored 540 joules of potential energy, while the Rotary Table System (RTS) began with zero energy output. The results obtained from all 13 tests were identical, demonstrating a highly consistent performance pattern.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring each test, the mass of Water (W) in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) decreased as the piston entered the SDP system, compensating for the corresponding increase in Sand (S) weight plus the mechanical resistances within the system to produce a net input weight gain of 35 lbs. for the SDP enabling clean generation in every trial. Extended mathematical derivations, including Equations (S1), are provided in Section S1 of the Supporting Information.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM INP(SDP1)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;M (PCT) - (M (SCT1)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;M MR(SDP1)) \u0026hellip;\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMINP(SDP1)\u003c/b\u003e denotes Net input mass of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP1) in kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM(PCT1)\u003c/b\u003e denotes Total mas s of PRINCIPAL CAPSULE TANK (PCT1) in kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM(SCT1)\u003c/b\u003e represents the Total mas s of SECONDARY CAPSULE TANK (SCT1) in kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMMR(SDP1)\u003c/b\u003e denotes the Total mass of all mechanical resistance of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP1) in kg.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe repeated tests consistently yielded the same results, indicating a constant production of clean energy of the same magnitude. The system generated clean energy totaling 379 joules, corresponding to a power output of 379 watts, as illustrated in the data (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The clean‑energy computations were performed using Equation (S2). Comprehensive derivations, including Equation (S2), are documented in Section S1 of the Supporting Information.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCE(SDP1)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;M INP(SDP1) (H (VTL1). G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1/2V2 (PCT1 - S CT1)) \u0026hellip;\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCE(SDP1)\u003c/b\u003e is the Clean Energy generated by SOYOS DROP PISTON \u003cb\u003e(SDP1)\u003c/b\u003e in Joule (j)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eH(VTL1)\u003c/b\u003e is the Height of Vertical Travel Line (VTL1) of SOYOS DROP PISTON \u003cb\u003e(SDP1)\u003c/b\u003e in meter (m),\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMINP(SDP1)\u003c/b\u003e is the Net input mass on SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP1) in kilogram (kg),\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eV(PCT1-SCT1)\u003c/b\u003e is the Velocity of Principal Capsule Tank (PCT1) and Velocity of Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT1) in meter per second (m/s) and\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eG\u003c/b\u003e is the Constant of Universal gravitational acceleration in (m/s2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3.2 Case II\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this case, experiments and tests were conducted in Irvington, NJ 07111, America, during the summer season on 07/09/2017. For these tests, samples were collected from site TS2 in Ocean Grove, New Jersey, with full details provided in Section S2 of the Supporting Information. The collected seawater was measured using a Liquid Densimeter, resulting in a density of 8.58 ppg. An Optima Scales OP-924A- 1000 LED Display was used to measure the weight of the seawater, which amounted to 122 lbs. This quantity was then used to fill the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), which had a capacity of 15 gallons. Sand was collected from the same beach at The Pier, Ocean Grove, New Jersey, and left to dry under the sun for five days. The dried Sand was then measured using an Optima Scales OP-924A-1000 LED 2016 Display, weighing 25 lbs. This Sand was subsequently filled into the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), which had a capacity of 6 gallons. During all 11 repeated tests, the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) gained a net weight input of 87 lbs. as it reached a height of 13 ft along the Vertical Travel Line (VTL), as illustrated in (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). Consistently throughout each study and experiment, the same amount of Water (W), Sand (S), and Air (A) was utilized, with the Brake P ump Chamber (BPC) being kept open and filled with Air at atmospheric pressure, measured at 1 atm or 14.69 psi. At the start of each test, the SDP initially stored 2150 joules of potential energy, while the Rotary Table System (RTS) had zero energy output. The results obtained from the 11 tests were identical, showing a consistent pattern. During each test, the weight of Water (W) in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) decreased as the piston entered the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) system, compensating for the increase in Sand (S) weight. The mechanical resistances within the system produced a net input weight gain of 87 lbs. for the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP), as calculated using Equation (S3) presented in Section S1 of the Supporting Information.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM INP(SDP2)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;M (PCT2) - (M (SCT2)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;M MR(SDP2)) \u0026hellip;\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003ewhere;\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMINP(SDP1)\u003c/b\u003e denotes Net input mas s of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP2) in kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM(PCT2)\u003c/b\u003e denotes Total mas s of PRINCIPAL CAP SULE TANK (PCT2) in kg.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM(SCT2)\u003c/b\u003e represents the Total mas s of SECONDARY CAP SULE TANK (SCT2) in kg.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMMR(SDP2)\u003c/b\u003e denotes the Total mass of all mechanical resistance of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP2) in kg.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe repeated tests consistently yielded the same results, indicating a constant production of clean energy with the same magnitude. The system generated a total of 1533 joules of clean energy, corresponding toa power output of 1533 watts. This value was obtained through the computational procedure defined by Equation (S4), with the complete formulation and supporting derivations presented in Section S1 of the Supporting Information, and the resulting output is illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCE(SDP2)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;M INP(SDP2) (H (VTL2). G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1/2V2(PCT2 \u0026ndash; S CT2)) \u0026hellip;\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003ewhere;\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCE(SDP2)\u003c/b\u003e is the Clean Energy generated by SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP2) in Joule (j)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eH(VTL2)\u003c/b\u003e is the Height of Vertical Travel Line (VTL2) of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP2) in meter (m),\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM INP(SDP2)\u003c/b\u003e is the Net input mass on SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP2) in kilogram (kg), \u003cb\u003eV(PCT2-SCT2)\u003c/b\u003e is the Velocity of Principal Capsule Tank (PCT2) and Velocity of Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT2) in meter per second (m/s) and\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eG\u003c/b\u003e is the Constant of Universal gravitational acceleration in (m/s2).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3.3 Case III\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis experiment was conducted in Farmington, NM, USA during the winter season on 12/16/2022. For these tests, sample water was collected from TS3 at the Animas River in Farmington, New Mexico, documented in the Supporting Information (Section S2). The weight of river water collected was measured using a Liquid Densimeter, which resulted in a density of 8.35 ppm. The water weighed 250 lbs. and was used to fill the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) with a 30-gallon capacity. The sand used in the experiment was measured using an Optima Scales OP-924A-1000 LED Display and weighed 65 lbs. This sand was filled into the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), which had a capacity of 5 gallons.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment involved the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP), which was prefilled with a weight of 183 lbs. and dropped to a height of 1.5m along the Vertical Travel Line (VTL). The same amount of Water (W), Sand (S), and Air (A) was used in each test, and the Brake Pump Chamber (BPC) was filled with air at atmospheric pressure (1.46 psi). The SDP initially stored 5084 joules of potential energy, and the Rotary Table System (RTS) had zero energy output.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiment tested the mechanical resistances within the system, and the SDP was dropped nine times with consistent results. The weight of Water (W) in the PCT decreased as the piston entered the SDP, compensating for the increase in weight. The SDP computed using Eq.\u0026nbsp;5 as demonstrated Section S1 Equation (S5).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMINP(SDP3)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;M (PCT3) - (M (SCT3)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;M MR(SDP3)) \u0026hellip;\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhere:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMINP(SDP3)\u003c/b\u003e denotes Net Impact mass of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP3) in kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM(PCT3)\u003c/b\u003e denotes Total mass of PRINCIPAL CAPSULE TANK (PCT3) in kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM(SCT3)\u003c/b\u003e denotes Total mass of SECONDARY CAPSULE TANK (SCT3) in kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM MR(SDP3)\u003c/b\u003e denotes Total mechanical resistance of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP3) in kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe repeated tests consistently yielded the same results, indicating a constant production of clean energy of the same magnitude. The repeated tests consistently produced identical results, confirming a stable generation of clean energy. The system generated 3721 joules of clean energy, corresponding to a measured power output of 3721 watts, as determined through Equation (S6) and documented in Section S1 of the Supporting Information. The resulting performance output and associated measurement conditions are illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCE(SDP3)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;MINP(SDP3) (H (VTL3). G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1/2V2 (PCT3 \u0026ndash; S CT3)) \u0026hellip;\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCE(SDP3)\u003c/b\u003e is the Clean Energy generated by SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP3) in Joule (j)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eH(VT L3)\u003c/b\u003e is the Height of Vertical Travel Line (VTL3) of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP3) in meter (m)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMINP(SDP3)\u003c/b\u003e is the Net input mass on SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP3) in kilogram (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eV(PCT3 - SCT3)\u003c/b\u003e is the Velocity of Principal Capsule Tank (PCT3) and Velocity of Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT3) in meter per second (m/s) and\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.3.4 Case IV\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this case, the experiments and tests were conducted in Farmington, NM 87401, America, during the winter season on 12/20/2022. For these tests, melt snow water was collected in Farmington, NM, illustrated in (Location Test, S3 TS2). The collected water was measured using a Liquid Densimeter, resulting in a density of 8.37 ppg. An Optima Scales OP-924A-1000 LED Display was utilized to measure the weight of the water, which amounted to 310 lbs. This quantity was then used to fill the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), which had a capacity of 40 gallons. Furthermore, QUIKRETE Premium Play sand purchased from Home Depot Farmington, NM, was measured using an Optima Scales OP-924A-1000 LED Display, weighing 80 lbs. This Sand was then filled into the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), which had a capacity of 6 gallons. During all 10 repeated tests, the SOYO S DROP PISTON (SDP) gained a net weight input of 205 lbs. as it reached a height of 20 ft along the Vertical Travel Line (VTL), as illustrated in data (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig7\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). Consistently throughout each study and experiment, the same amount of Water (W), Sand (S), and Air (A) were used, with the Brake Pump Chamber (BPC) being kept open and filled with Air at atmospheric pressure, measured at 1 atm or 14.69 psi. After releasing the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), clean energy generation was observed in the system. The results consistently showed a clean energy production of 5558 joules and 5558 watts at the Rotary Table System (RTS) in all ten repeated tests. At the beginning of each test, the SDP initially stored 8406 joules of potential energy, while the RTS had zero energy output. The results obtained from the ten tests were identical, indicating a consistent pattern. During each test, the weight of Water (W) in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) decreased as the piston entered the SOYOS DROP PISTON (S DP) system, compensating for the increase in Sand (S) weight. The mechanical resistance within the system enabled the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) to gain a net input weight of 205 lbs. The corresponding value was computed through Equation (S7), with the full formulation and supporting derivations presented in Section S1 of the Supporting Information.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM INP(SDP4)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;M (PCT4) - (M (SCT4)\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;M MR(SDP4)) \u0026hellip;\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMINP(SDP4)\u003c/b\u003e denotes Net input mass of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP4) in kg\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM(PCT4)\u003c/b\u003e denotes Total mas s of PRINCIPAL CAP SULE TANK (PCT4) in kg.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM(SCT4)\u003c/b\u003e represents the Total mas s of SECONDARY CAP SULE TANK (SCT4) in kg.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMMR(SDP3)\u003c/b\u003e denotes the Total mas s of all mechanical resistance of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP4) in kg. The repeated tests consistently demonstrated the same gain of clean energy with the same quantity. The system generated clean energy totaling 5558 joules, corresponding to a power output of 5558 watts as illustrated in data (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig8\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e). The value was obtained through Equation (S8), with full derivations available in Section S1 of the Supporting Information and was further supported by the corresponding measurement data collected under the specified test conditions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCE(SDP4)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;M INP(SDP4) (H (VTL4). G\u0026thinsp;+\u0026thinsp;1/2V2 (PCT4 - S CT4)) \u0026hellip;\u003c/b\u003e (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere;\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCE(SDP4)\u003c/b\u003e is the Clean Energy generated by SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP4) in Joule (j)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eH (VT L4)\u003c/b\u003e is the Height of Vertical Travel Line (VTL4) of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP4) in meter (m).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eM INP(SDP4)\u003c/b\u003e is the Net input mass on SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP4) in kilogram (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eV (PCT4 - SCT4)\u003c/b\u003e is the Velocity of Principal Capsule Tank (PCT4) and Velocity of Secondary\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eCapsule Tank (SCT4) in meter per second (m/s) and\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eG\u003c/b\u003e is the Constant of Universal gravitational acceleration in (m/s2).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eComparative Case\u003c/b\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigures \u003cspan refid=\"Fig9\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Fig10\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e present comparative data from tests using liquid water in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) and sand in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) for final output power generation. These experiments, conducted across prototype generations from 2011, 2017, and 2022, form a consistent experimental record. Across all campaigns, the system consistently delivered clean energy with stable performance regardless of prototype version or input medium.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe final energy output was computed using Equation (S9), with full formulation and derivations provided in Section S1 of the Supporting Information.\u003c/p\u003e \n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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style=\"width: 527px; height: 85.8923px;\" width=\"527\" height=\"85.8923\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhere:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eCE(SECE)\u003c/b\u003e as \u003cb\u003eCE(SDP)n\u003c/b\u003e is the Clean Energy generated by n SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP)n in Joule (j).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eH(VTL)n\u003c/b\u003e is the Height of Vertical Travel Line (VTL1) of SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP)n in meters (m).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eMINP(SDP)n\u003c/b\u003e is the Net input mass on SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP)n in kilogram (kg).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eV(PCT-SCT)n\u003c/b\u003e is the Velocity of Principal Capsule Tank (PCT)n and Velocity of Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT)n in meter per second (m/s) and\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eG\u003c/b\u003e is the Constant of Universal gravitational acceleration in (m/s2).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"3. Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) consistently demonstrated clean energy input and output with remarkable environmental friendliness, emitting zero carbon. These findings were consistent across all studies, experiments, and tests repeated forty-three (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e43\u003c/span\u003e) times. The SDP showcased minimal noise and affordability, making it a promising solution for clean energy generation. Crucially, the experiments consistently yielded a significant finding that persisted across different seasons and geographic locations worldwide. The SDP, utilizing AIR (A), SAND (S), and WATER (W) ASW, consistently generated clean energy output without emitting any carbon. This clean energy source proved renewable, sustainable, and non-depleting, highlighting its potential for widespread adoption.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results also unveiled variations in the amount of SAND input in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) and liquid WATER input in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT). Interestingly, despite being connected in the opposite elevated direction, the weight carried by the PCT exceeded the amount of Sand in the SCT.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHowever, these variations did not hinder the SDP's consistent input and output of clean energy. It was observed that the SDP generated an additional amount of clean energy equivalent to the weight difference between the PCT and the SCT, accounting for any mechanical resistances in the system based on time, height distance, and elevation angle.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe studies established a clear relationship known as Net Input Mas s, which quantifies the Total Mass of the PCT filled with liquid water minus the combined Total Mas s of the SCT filled with Sand and the Total equivalent mass of mechanical resistance. This relationship allows for a comprehensive understanding of the system's energy dynamics. Furthermore, the investigations revealed that the Mechanical Clean Energy produced by the SDP equaled the Total Mechanical Energy of the PCT with liquid Water input minus the combined Total Mechanical Energy of the SCT with Sand input, along with the Total equivalent mechanical resistance of the system.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis finding highlights the efficiency of the SDP in converting input energy into clean mechanical output.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoreover, it was consistently observed that the Total equivalent mechanical resistance was always lower than the Total Mass of the SCT filled with Sand. Additionally, the Total Mechanical Energy of all resistance systems was found to be inferior to the Total Mechanical Energy of the SCT with Sand input.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThese results provide valuable insights into the energy efficiency and performance of the SDP system.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the experiments where multiple SDP units were aligned to form the SECE\u0026reg; (SOYOS ENVIRONMENT CLEAN ENGINE), a continuous stream of clean, sustainable, readily available, and affordable energy was produced.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis finding demonstrates the potential for scaling up the SDP technology to create a more powerful and reliable energy generation system. Furthermore, the experiments highlighted the versatility of the SDP in utilizing different input materials. Clean and sustainable energy could be generated from any liquid with a melting point of 0.00\u0026deg;C and a boiling point of 100\u0026deg;C, coupled with Air at atmospheric pressure, along with any form of Sand that exhibited liquid-like behavior. The Sand (S) exhibited the ability to modify the reset speed of the PCT during the Step 4 SECE\u0026reg; travel reset of Soyos Drop Piston Clean Stroke cycles, enabling timing adjustments and further enhancing energy generation. Additionally, the studies revealed that any amount of retracting Sand (S) in the SCT increased clean energy input during Step 2 SECE\u0026reg; Power Input Clean Stroke.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis finding suggests the potential for optimizing the SDP system's energy input by adjusting the amount of Sand used. These comprehensive findings provide a deeper understanding of the SDP's clean energy generation capabilities. Consistent, clean energy production, minimal environmental impact, and affordability make the SDP a promising solution for sustainable energy needs.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"4. Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis work presents a significant finding regarding the behavior of the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) in relation to the amount of liquid water in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) compared to the quantity of Sand in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), which is connected in the opposite elevated direction.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRemarkably, regardless of the specific amounts involved, the SDP consistently demonstrated the input and output of clean energy by generating additional clean energy equivalent to the weight difference between the PCT and the SCT regardless of any mechanical resistances within the SDP system, which vary based on factors such as time, height distance, and angle of elevation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, the use of AIR (A), SAND (S), and WATER (W) ASW as a non-combustible fuel source in the SDP system proves to be both renewable and sustainable. This non-combustible fuel combination produces clean and greener energy without any carbon emissions, making it an environmentally friendly choice. Unlike other fuel sources that may deplete over time, the ASW mixture remains readily available and can be continuously utilized to generate clean energy, thus contributing to the overall goal of reducing carbon emissions and promoting a greener energy future.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoreover, SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY represents a revolutionary advancement in energy technology. By harnessing the power of ASW consisting of AIR (A), SAND (S), and WATER (W) as a non-combustible fuel, the SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY engine offers numerous benefits. It ensures a continuous and repeated supply of sustainable energy, making it a reliable and durable solution. Additionally, this energy source is remarkably affordable and readily accessible, providing an accessible means to combat climate change and reduce carbon emissions on a global scale. The SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY engine represents a significant step forward in addressing environmental challenges and promoting a healthier, cleaner Earth.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe comprehensive experiments and tests revealed an intriguing observation whereby Newtonian fluids, such as liquid Water and Air at any atmospheric pressure, can resist flow without altering their flow rate or applied stress. This unique characteristic makes them an excellent source of non-combustible fuel, offering numerous environmental advantages.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen combined with Sand grains in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), the system's capabilities expand, resulting in even greater benefits in greener energy production, affordability, and availability.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe inclusion of Sand (S) in the system is pivotal in enhancing its energy generation capabilities. The Sand, with its distinctive grain structure and pourability, provides the means to adjust the input energy within the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe system can effectively increase or decrease the input energy by adding, removing, or modifying the amount of Sand present. This flexibility contributes to the overall efficiency and performance of the SDP, resulting in a more versatile and adaptable non-combustible fuel source.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMoreover, the utilization of Sand as a non-combustible fuel brings additional advantages to the system. Sand offers inherent affordability and availability, making it an accessible resource for energy generation. Its abundance and ease of procurement contribute to the economic viability of the SDP system, ensuring a cost-effective and sustainable energy solution.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAdditionally, Sand's non-combustible nature aligns with the goal of minimizing carbon emissions and promoting a cleaner environment. By harnessing the combined power of Newtonian fluids like Water and Air and the strategic incorporation of Sand, the SDP system demonstrates its ability to generate greener energy with numerous advantages. This comprehensive approach addresses both environmental concerns and practical considerations, paving the way for a more sustainable and efficient energy future.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe experiments and tests conducted in this study provided valuable insights into the relationship between various factors and the generation of clean energy by the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) system. Various observations were made, shedding light on the important variables that influence the energy production process:\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe presence of Sand (S) or any other material in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), combined with the SDP and mechanical resistance (MR), when compared to the given amount of water (W) in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), results in the SDP consistently generating steady clean energy. This finding underscores the significant role played by the ratio of materials and their interactions within the system.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe height of the Vertical Travel Line (VTL) directly impacts the amount of clean energy produced by the SDP. As the VTL increases, the system's potential energy increases accordingly, leading to a higher output of clean energy. This relationship highlights the importance of optimizing the vertical distance to maximize energy generation. Increasing the volume of water in the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT) positively affects the SDP's clean energy output. The greater the mass of water, the more energy can be harnessed and converted into useful work. This observation emphasizes the significance of water as a crucial component for energy generation within the system.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConversely, reducing the amount of Sand (S) in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) results in an increase in the clean energy produced by the SDP. With less mass in the SCT, there is a more favorable balance of forces, allowing for a higher net energy output. This finding highlights the potential for optimizing the composition of materials within the system to enhance energy efficiency. On the other hand, increasing the amount of Sand (S) in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) leads to a corresponding increase in the clean energy generated by the SDP. The greater mass of the SCT, when combined with the appropriate dynamics of the system, contributes to a higher net energy output. This observation underscores the significance of finding the right balance between material composition and mass for optimal energy production.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eBy understanding and manipulating these factors, it is possible to fine-tune the SDP system to achieve higher levels of clean energy production. These findings provide valuable insights for designing and optimizing greener energy systems based on the SDP concept. The SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY system offers clean, affordable, and sustainable energy technologies that can be implemented across various industries.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt aims to accelerate the battle against climate change by reducing carbon emissions in energy production processes. This innovative approach, powered by ASW, represents a significant step forward in advancing the global effort to create a cleaner, more sustainable future of energy.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"5. Implications","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis paper primarily focuses on power generation and electricity production using the SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY power plant. The main objective is to significantly reduce the cost of electricity, making it more affordable for consumers. This approach aims to save customers money while providing clean power with minimal noise and zero carbon emissions. The SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY power plant has the potential to generate 110 MW of clean power, utilizing less than 2 acres of land. This efficient and sustainable energy solution can profoundly impact various sectors, including cities, industries, transportation, reforestation, agriculture, animal husbandry, isolated locations, government facilities, steel factories, cement factories, chemical factories, and disadvantaged communities. By implementing SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY, these sectors can benefit from the environmental advantages of clean power generation. This technology can contribute to the production of environmentally friendly products and services while mitigating the negative effects of carbon emissions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFurthermore, SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY is adaptable to both small and large scales, making it a versatile tool for clean energy generation. This scalability enables its widespread implementation, making it an effective solution for advancing climate change battles and transitioning toward a more sustainable future. The implications of this research are significant, as it offers a promising avenue for addressing environmental challenges and meeting the increasing demand for clean and affordable energy. By promoting the adoption of SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY, we can foster a more sustainable and environmentally conscious society, benefiting both present and future generations.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"6. Limitations","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study focuses exclusively on power production on planet Earth, considering various seasons and open different geographic locations with atmospheric pressure.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA significant limitation was observed during the initial testing phase of the SDP in Africa. When utilizing a larger volume and weight in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT) that approached or exceeded the Principal Capsule Tank's (PCT) weight, there was a decrease in power generation. This negative finding indicated that the proportion and balance between the SCT and PCT were crucial for optimal power output. To address this limitation, careful consideration was given to Sand's choice and the SCT design. By selecting a sand type that offered higher weight per unit volume and optimizing the SCT's construction, it was possible to occupy less volume while still achieving a higher weight in the SCT. This adjustment proved advantageous in enhancing the system's input power.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"7. Future Directives","content":"\u003cp\u003eFurther research is to extend SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY on other planets using an adaptable invent SDP on natural elements available on these planets with their properties combinations to power the SDP as sources Fuel with the best environmental fit. Further research endeavors aim to expand the application of SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY to other planets within our solar system and beyond. The objective is to develop an adaptable version of the SDP that can harness the natural elements on these planets, utilizing their unique properties and combinations to power the SDP as a fuel source with the best environmental fit.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEach planet possesses its own distinct set of resources and environmental conditions, such as atmospheric composition, surface composition, and gravitational forces. To effectively utilize these resources, scientists and engineers must conduct extensive investigations into the chemical and physical properties of the available elements. This research will enable the design of specialized SDP prototypes capable of extracting energy from the specific elements found on each planetary body. By leveraging the inherent characteristics of these natural elements, such as gases, liquids, and solid materials, future iterations of the SDP can be optimized for maximum efficiency and power generation. This research will require interdisciplinary collaboration among experts in fields such as planetary science, material science, and engineering to ensure the successful adaptation of the SDP to extraterrestrial environments.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe outcome of this further research holds significant potential for revolutionizing sustainable energy production on Earth and other celestial bodies. By utilizing local resources and minimizing reliance on external fuel sources, future space missions and colonization efforts can become more self-sufficient, environmentally friendly, and economically viable. Ultimately, by expanding SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY to other planets and celestial bodies, we can contribute to the advancement of human exploration and establish a foundation for sustainable energy systems beyond Earth.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"8. Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe studies, experiments, and tests conducted in this work provide clear, reproducible, and technically consistent evidence supporting the operational validity of the SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) system within the SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY Technology framework. Across all experimental conditions, the system demonstrated that clean mechanical energy is reliably generated whenever the Principal Capsule Tank (PCT), containing a mass of Water (W) greater than the mass of Sand (S) in the Secondary Capsule Tank (SCT), is allowed to actuate the SDP mechanism under atmospheric Air (A) input. Energy production was consistently observed at the Rotary Table System (RTS), with performance strongly influenced by the elevation angle of the SDP assembly.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA key finding of this research is that energy output increases significantly when the SDP reaches a 90‑degree elevation, where the RTS operates in a fully vertical configuration. This behavior confirms the mechanical advantage inherent in the SDP\u0026rsquo;s gravitational‑hydrodynamic interaction. Furthermore, the study demonstrates that multiple SDP units can be aligned and synchronized, enabling continuous, uninterrupted clean‑energy generation suitable for powering external mechanical loads and electricity‑generation systems. This modularity is a defining strength of SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY Technology, allowing scalability from small installations to large‑scale infrastructure.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, the results of this research indicate that SECE\u0026reg; ENERGY Technology represents a promising, practical, and environmentally clean energy‑generation approach. Its reliance on abundant natural elements Air, Sand, and Water (ASW) combined with its mechanical simplicity, affordability, and accessibility, positions it as a viable global solution for reducing carbon emissions, enhancing energy security, and supporting climate‑change mitigation efforts across diverse sectors.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNations U (2021) Renewable energy powering a safer future, Clim. 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IISD Report, Winnipeg\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"IRIDCCS TECHNOLOGIES LLC","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Clean energy generation, Carbon-free mechanical systems, Air-sand-water (ASW) technology, SECE® Energy, Sustainable power systems, Climate-change mitigation, Renewable mechanical energy, non-combustion energy pathways","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8628262/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8628262/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eClimate change remains one of the most urgent global challenges, and rapid reductions in carbon emissions are essential to achieving effective mitigation. Energy systems sit at the core of economic and societal development, yet many existing clean‑energy technologies continue to face constraints in sustainability, resource availability, affordability, and operational stability. These limitations hinder progress toward a just and accelerated transition to low‑carbon energy solutions. This study introduces a novel, combustion‑free mechanical energy‑generation pathway based on the controlled interaction of three universally abundant natural elements air, sand, and water (ASW). Revisiting these fundamental materials as non‑combustible, carbon‑free working media, the research investigates their capacity to support continuous mechanical energy production without reliance on chemical reactions, atmospheric conditions, or weather‑dependent intermittency. Using the SECE® ENERGY Technology, developed under the SOYOS PROGRAM by IRIDCCS TECHNOLOGIES, we experimentally evaluate a new class of ASW‑driven internal mechanical exchange systems. The SOYOS DROP PISTON (SDP) apparatus served as the primary test platform across 43 independent studies, conducted in multiple seasons and geographic locations. Results consistently demonstrate that the SDP system generates stable, repeatable, and affordable mechanical energy using only ASW inputs, confirming the feasibility of this approach as a carbon‑free, renewable energy mechanism.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe findings establish ASW-based mechanical systems as a scientifically grounded alternative to combustion‑dependent technologies and a scalable framework for future clean-energy infrastructures. By leveraging globally accessible natural resources, this work provides a promising pathway for sustainable power generation capable of supporting climate‑change mitigation, energy equity, and long‑term environmental resilience.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe schematic illustrates the SECE® ENERGY system using AIR, SAND, and WATER as natural inputs driving a non‑combustive mechanical cycle. It highlights the ASW pathway, piston‑based conversion chamber, and resulting clean‑energy output, emphasizing renewable, affordable performance validated across diverse locations and seasonal conditions.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"SECE® Energy, Affordable and Environmentally Clean Energy Generation Technology Utilizing Air, Sand, and Water for Climate Change Solutions","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2026-01-21 05:36:29","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8628262/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"ce535435-33c3-4769-b8d8-5e4138252293","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 21st, 2026","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":61305564,"name":"Astrophysics and Cosmology"},{"id":61305565,"name":"Renewable Resources"},{"id":61305566,"name":"Energy Engineering"},{"id":61305567,"name":"Mechanical Engineering"},{"id":61305568,"name":"Terrestrial Ecology"},{"id":61305569,"name":"Geophysics"},{"id":61305570,"name":"Environmental Policy"},{"id":61305571,"name":"Scientific Communication"},{"id":61305572,"name":"City Management and Urban Policy"},{"id":61305573,"name":"Environmental Economics"},{"id":61305574,"name":"Applied Mathematics"},{"id":61305575,"name":"Mathematical Physics"},{"id":61305576,"name":"Planetary Science"},{"id":61305577,"name":"Environmental Chemistry"},{"id":61305578,"name":"Materials Chemistry"},{"id":61305579,"name":"Materials Engineering"},{"id":61305580,"name":"Atmospheric Sciences"},{"id":61305581,"name":"Climatology"},{"id":61305582,"name":"Climate Analysis and Modeling"},{"id":61305583,"name":"Natural Product Chemistry"},{"id":61305584,"name":"Thermodynamics and statistical mechanics"},{"id":61305585,"name":"Environmental Law"},{"id":61305586,"name":"Space Exploration"},{"id":61305587,"name":"Physical Geography"},{"id":61305588,"name":"Chemical Engineering"},{"id":61305589,"name":"Electrical Engineering"},{"id":61305590,"name":"Environmental Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-01-21T05:36:29+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2026-01-21 05:36:29","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8628262","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8628262","identity":"rs-8628262","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}