Enhanced Islanding Detection Using a Positive Sequence Impedance Angle in an Active Distribution System

Enhanced Islanding Detection Using a Positive Sequence Impedance Angle in an Active Distribution System | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Enhanced Islanding Detection Using a Positive Sequence Impedance Angle in an Active Distribution System Sachin Pachauri, Aseem Chandel This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-8228981/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Islanding detection has become a serious concern due to the extensive integration of renewable energy sources with the main grid. This article addresses two significant challenges with islanding detection schemes: the non-detection zone (NDZ) and system-specific applicability. The purpose of this work is to provide an islanding detection technique that operates at zero NDZ and is adaptable to all types of renewable energy sources. This research focused on the passive islanding detection technique (IDT), which is simple to implement, inexpensive, and effective. This paper presented a novel passive islanding scheme to detect islanding events in an active distribution system based on the rate of change of the superimposed positive sequence impedance angle (ROCOSPSIA). The IEEE 13 bus test system is simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The proposed scheme detects islanding within 9 ms when the generated power and load power are equal. It is also robust and does not require NDZ. The proposed scheme successfully differentiates between islanding and non-islanding events, which helps to prevent avoidable DG malfunctions. The performance of the proposed scheme has been tested in several test systems, which is better than some conventional techniques. Systems and Networking Electrical Engineering Distribution Generation Microgrid Islanding Detection Positive Sequence Impedance Angle Multi-bus System Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-8228981","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":552199177,"identity":"40e24b94-fdb6-4946-8b85-cb9f810cc1f8","order_by":0,"name":"Sachin Pachauri","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Electrical Engineering in Rajkiya Engineering College, Mainpuri, India","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Sachin","middleName":"","lastName":"Pachauri","suffix":""},{"id":552199371,"identity":"01eb3d91-e5bd-4b1f-919e-40d4ff1b1076","order_by":1,"name":"Aseem Chandel","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPCCA0CcwHjgA5BiYydBC8PBGSAtzKRoOcwDYhPSwt9/+OCjGzV35M3Zkw8ctvm1TZ6PmYHxw8cc3FokbqQlG+cce2a4s+dZwuHcvtuGbcwMzJIzt+Gx5gaPmXRuw2HGDTdyDA7n9txmBGphY+bFo0X+/Pnvv4Fa7DfcyP9w2LLntj1BLQYHctiYgVoSgbYwHGb4cTuRoBbDG2nG0jnHDidvOPPM4GBvw+3kNmbGZrx+kTt/+OHnnJrDthuOJz988OPPbdv57c0HP3zE530UwNgGJhuIVQ8Cf0hRPApGwSgYBSMFAABta10bPxNJWwAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Department of Electrical Engineering in Rajkiya Engineering College, Mainpuri, India","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aseem","middleName":"","lastName":"Chandel","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-11-28 09:51:46","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8228981/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8228981/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":97251382,"identity":"60352401-29de-4f9e-81b9-9996fccc392e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:17:11","extension":"docx","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":29293152,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SA2PaperNew22.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/84483215c6a0d8fd3a3ee2f0.docx"},{"id":97225250,"identity":"fa457a1a-a67d-4f47-b0a1-5100c364007e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"json","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":342,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rs8228981.json","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/376fb0c60f8f8597ae0eb9a2.json"},{"id":97225252,"identity":"4c6655ec-e330-4434-8d40-3997be54be37","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"xml","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":87564,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rs82289810enriched.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/51454342e905c1098a67db41.xml"},{"id":97225251,"identity":"edfed28f-899b-4ca9-b7a7-ab0fd648110d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"emf","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":23444,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage1.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/a77459cefc62ad0745769a51.emf"},{"id":97225254,"identity":"fd019ac9-d806-4bac-b2af-d741e0569aef","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"jpeg","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":343348,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage10.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/ab532d4db83a1b3a67351ff5.jpeg"},{"id":97225255,"identity":"718e9204-a8ed-435d-bef0-116c000ad64d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"jpeg","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":646577,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage11.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/c043238c758fc87e9e3bff5e.jpeg"},{"id":97225259,"identity":"bf8e6b65-417c-445c-a9c3-c433d0b98111","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"jpeg","order_by":6,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":640045,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage12.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/50738120f6a574cd3ee9b623.jpeg"},{"id":97251000,"identity":"a4104020-fa37-4658-a5bc-3b7c083cf946","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:15:45","extension":"jpeg","order_by":7,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":216675,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage13.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/a6204a5d74af5a5faaa12cfd.jpeg"},{"id":97250856,"identity":"7ea3974b-a4f0-4715-bcc4-527241932e89","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:15:27","extension":"jpeg","order_by":8,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":287102,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage14.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/a5c65bdaf80cbf53bf51bfad.jpeg"},{"id":97251400,"identity":"d2e61ba0-f75d-431b-a360-f91586de10ec","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:17:29","extension":"jpeg","order_by":9,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":296027,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage15.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/068bfe02b14ee31650b26f57.jpeg"},{"id":97250090,"identity":"112d8438-f20b-4db9-965a-c7f72c008d3d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:13:54","extension":"emf","order_by":10,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":11557068,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage2.emf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/2d3eb56f1e2d248050f7a204.emf"},{"id":97250151,"identity":"f4a89e50-0427-4726-9e73-1d53a186292d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:14:01","extension":"jpeg","order_by":11,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":341044,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage3.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/8b83c8e4ff78bb1d219c055e.jpeg"},{"id":97225256,"identity":"d9b35805-6c3b-4007-b27a-1aee9aa00199","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"jpeg","order_by":12,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":339874,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage4.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/067c45b096b508ac8999b991.jpeg"},{"id":97251301,"identity":"d3833138-50dd-4805-b2cf-1210bd5a535b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:16:44","extension":"jpeg","order_by":13,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":309394,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage5.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/e79d7de793f63182e44f10f6.jpeg"},{"id":97225262,"identity":"b6faf5d3-fef2-439d-84b0-b4b340c52581","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"jpeg","order_by":14,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":304605,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage6.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/34d4271843bbef75acdc5e45.jpeg"},{"id":97251006,"identity":"71ff4ff7-28d0-4ff6-859b-08385f936c91","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:15:46","extension":"jpeg","order_by":15,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":306058,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage7.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/7d61681c1aea0613b4fe9d16.jpeg"},{"id":97225281,"identity":"e510d97d-0bd4-4514-a452-972841c6e459","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"jpeg","order_by":16,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":294162,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage8.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/51ae0c8103d67288711a7b34.jpeg"},{"id":97225264,"identity":"1636e2e7-c2d5-49bf-9e78-bb7acefa91d2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"jpeg","order_by":17,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":303043,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"floatimage9.jpeg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/fc81401c96f2c38c1b9ab8b6.jpeg"},{"id":97225272,"identity":"3679be20-6104-4660-9872-4380f6f54f6c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"png","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":18975,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/f3b2941f3f38cb097268db7a.png"},{"id":97250486,"identity":"80de2356-9fa4-42a6-a75d-b481f05b8b21","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:14:35","extension":"png","order_by":19,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":54338,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage10.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/c1052f484191e284dc997ef8.png"},{"id":97250936,"identity":"fca54736-7def-4ac4-a518-058ea386b16f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:15:38","extension":"png","order_by":20,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":136492,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage11.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/d1a02a8e983d869a972a1e5c.png"},{"id":97250729,"identity":"c067368c-e0f9-4522-b5b5-afde3927923d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:15:06","extension":"png","order_by":21,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":144224,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage12.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/dd1498bdde3c9faace37e292.png"},{"id":97251284,"identity":"aa6a7532-fd10-45d5-94d6-f98b572288a0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:16:40","extension":"png","order_by":22,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":49288,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage13.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/77c7c42342eaf22067d409ad.png"},{"id":97250069,"identity":"8a4c14b9-06c3-4f77-a02a-d1372afc333a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:13:51","extension":"png","order_by":23,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":41214,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage14.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/c9aec4a7277d5d47e9d9db0a.png"},{"id":97225283,"identity":"59743b19-ab08-4171-8a5f-f83a5fada457","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:01","extension":"png","order_by":24,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":43906,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage15.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/54e47129e814bc80a4af9b64.png"},{"id":97225271,"identity":"0d44a6c4-3844-42a4-a326-e22b01074d2c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"png","order_by":25,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":58105,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/e21077cd61580523edebd9b7.png"},{"id":97225284,"identity":"7e810cec-1254-4e15-ad9e-d097b61c1d5c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:01","extension":"png","order_by":26,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":57829,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/a8cfd139f2d00c9cdc50d22b.png"},{"id":97225267,"identity":"de26a9fd-1e02-4af6-9b8e-ba2e8a6a1223","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"png","order_by":27,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":60941,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/07a209e5b7f94713e4b1c133.png"},{"id":97251132,"identity":"2308b34e-28bf-4b8a-85aa-6aebe6dd136e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:16:10","extension":"png","order_by":28,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":53242,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/77979d038486ca43de2cda6f.png"},{"id":97225279,"identity":"4d5f1986-34e3-4fc1-894b-bbb562b0df07","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"png","order_by":29,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":53363,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage6.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/37c54b44dfb45ad5769019cd.png"},{"id":97250269,"identity":"d14300f7-b7e4-4d0f-9f68-4abdf35c267e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:14:11","extension":"png","order_by":30,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":54317,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage7.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/7a7313a9bffbd18fb937c76c.png"},{"id":97250422,"identity":"0fcb6eaf-4564-43de-b2f6-25b8aa002383","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 13:14:29","extension":"png","order_by":31,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":51985,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage8.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/d972845cb5f2cc5452dd5e9f.png"},{"id":97225276,"identity":"419e3339-ea58-4e56-8275-328b1ac80c98","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"png","order_by":32,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":52281,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"Onlinefloatimage9.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/06ea048f36eec6ec7f81b0c5.png"},{"id":97225278,"identity":"1d487790-ec52-4ca1-b83c-4249e6a22bee","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"xml","order_by":33,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":86920,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rs82289810structuring.xml","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/84ed0c451edcf397d6ff7826.xml"},{"id":97225280,"identity":"d20b72eb-abe5-4c57-ae92-b01e920a8ed8","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-02 08:20:00","extension":"html","order_by":34,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"acdc-reference","size":94915,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"earlyproof.html","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1/3dc97b7cbdc9be4e9af4a1e3.html"},{"id":97366940,"identity":"86512cd9-d463-4bd2-b9de-9944b2d4d67a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-12-03 16:14:14","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1592881,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SA2PaperNew22.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-8228981/v1_covered_9e58e8e3-76f2-4282-8bcd-d4dc07822d68.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEnhanced Islanding Detection Using a Positive Sequence Impedance Angle in an Active Distribution System\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"Rajkiya Engineering College Mainpuri ","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Distribution Generation, Microgrid, Islanding Detection, Positive Sequence Impedance Angle, Multi-bus System","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8228981/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8228981/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eIslanding detection has become a serious concern due to the extensive integration of renewable energy sources with the main grid. This article addresses two significant challenges with islanding detection schemes: the non-detection zone (NDZ) and system-specific applicability. The purpose of this work is to provide an islanding detection technique that operates at zero NDZ and is adaptable to all types of renewable energy sources. This research focused on the passive islanding detection technique (IDT), which is simple to implement, inexpensive, and effective. This paper presented a novel passive islanding scheme to detect islanding events in an active distribution system based on the rate of change of the superimposed positive sequence impedance angle (ROCOSPSIA). The IEEE 13 bus test system is simulated in the MATLAB/Simulink environment. The proposed scheme detects islanding within 9 ms when the generated power and load power are equal. It is also robust and does not require NDZ. The proposed scheme successfully differentiates between islanding and non-islanding events, which helps to prevent avoidable DG malfunctions. The performance of the proposed scheme has been tested in several test systems, which is better than some conventional techniques.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Enhanced Islanding Detection Using a Positive Sequence Impedance Angle in an Active Distribution System","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-02 08:19:55","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-8228981/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"90d2b8ed-d18d-4c10-9b02-27726b06256c","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 2nd, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"posted","subjectAreas":[{"id":58764488,"name":"Systems and Networking"},{"id":58764489,"name":"Electrical Engineering"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-12-02T08:19:55+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-02 08:19:55","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-8228981","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-8228981","identity":"rs-8228981","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}