Etiology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of 153 Mandibular Supernumerary Teeth in Chinese Non-Syndromic Populations

Etiology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of 153 Mandibular Supernumerary Teeth in Chinese Non-Syndromic Populations | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Etiology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of 153 Mandibular Supernumerary Teeth in Chinese Non-Syndromic Populations Zhou Zhang, Jing Gong, Tingyi Wu, Yuanting Liu, Yutong Cheng, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6782256/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical and radiological characteristics of mandibular supernumerary teeth (ST)in non-syndromic populations, providing a valuable reference for clinical diagnosis and management. Materials and Methods : Medical records and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were used to identify patients with mandibular ST at the Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University between January 2022 and June 2024. All relevant data, including etiology, epidemiological features, and clinical/radiographic characteristics, were recorded and statistically analyzed. Results : A total of 85 patients with 153 mandibular ST were included with a male-to-female ratio of 1.18:1. A total of 91.76% of cases occurred in the permanent dentition, with the age group concentrated between 13 and 35 years. The mandibular ST predominantly exhibited a supplemental morphology (75.82%), with the majority displaying incomplete root development (85.62%) and a preference for the premolar region. Complications were observed in 49.02% of cases, most of which were irreversible (such as root dilaceration and absorption of the roots of adjacent teeth). Most of the mandibular ST (93.46%) were classified as Late Developing Supernumerary Teeth (93.46%), originating from the third dentition. Conclusions: Mandibular ST in non-syndromic patients typically presents as single, supplemental, lingually vertically impacted, located in the premolar region, and is associated with a variety of complications. The third dentition is the main cause of mandibular ST. Clinical Relevance: These results are beneficial for a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of mandibular ST, enabling personalized treatment planning and optimized therapeutic outcomes. Mandibular supernumerary teeth CBCT The third dentition Late Developing Supernumerary Teeth Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Introduction Supernumerary teeth (ST) are defined as teeth or odontogenic structures that have erupted or impacted beyond the normal dental formula (20 deciduous teeth or 32 permanent teeth) in the human dentition [ 1 , 2 ]. Classical theories regarding the etiology of ST include the dichotomy of the tooth germ, hyperactivity of the dental lamina, atavism, and genetic and environmental factors [ 3 ]. Among these, the most widely accepted is the hyperactivity of the dental lamina [ 4 , 5 ]. These teeth are believed to originate from the third dentition or late-developing supernumerary teeth (LDST), which typically undergo apoptotic regression after permanent tooth eruption [ 6 ]. Kiso and Takahashi et al. proposed that ST is a result of the rescue of regression of the third dentition in humans and that the third dentition is the main cause of ST in the premolar region[ 6 , 7 ]. Mandibular ST is more prevalent in permanent dentition, followed by mixed dentition, with few reported cases in deciduous dentition [ 8 ]. Previous research predominantly concentrated on maxillary ST; therefore, systematic investigations of mandibular ST remain scarce and only a handful of reports have mentioned characterization of ST in the mandibular premolar region [ 6 , 9 , 10 ]. The etiology and clinical characteristics of mandibular ST remain unclear. Mandibular ST carries a high risk of complications, posing significant harm to the adjacent teeth and dentition. Clinically, most mandibular ST are extracted using the lingual approach, which is technically demanding because of the complex lingual anatomy of the mandible [ 11 ]. Therefore, we systematically analyzed the clinical and radiographic data of 153 mandibular ST to characterize their etiologies, epidemiological distributions, and clinical and radiographic features. These findings will enhance clinicians’ understanding of mandibular ST and provide a theoretical basis for formulating personalized treatment plans. Materials and Methods Subjects This retrospective study included patients diagnosed with mandibular ST at the Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (January 2022-June 2024). The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-confirmed mandibular ST with complete medical records, 2) no prior ST extraction, and 3) signed informed consent. The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) syndromic ST (such as cleidocranial dysplasia, cleft lip/palate, chondroectodermal dysplasia, and Gardner syndrome), 2) incomplete medical or radiographic records, and 3) prior ST extraction. Finally, the study included 85 patients (153 with mandibular ST). Case screening and radiographic evaluations were independently performed by two attending dentists. In cases of disagreement, a third senior dentist was consulted for the final decision. The etiology, epidemiology, and clinical and radiological characteristics of ST were systematically analyzed. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Ethics ID: xjkqll [2021]-10). Epidemiological data collection The patients’ electronic health records were systematically reviewed to extract the following information: sex, age, chief complaint, anesthetic technique, and surgical approach. CBCT radiographic analysis All CBCT data were obtained based on clinical needs and exported in the DICOM format from the hospital's picture archiving and communication system. Images were analyzed using the Dolphin Imaging software. Each ST was evaluated using three-dimensional-reconstructed images and multiplanar reconstructions (axial, coronal, and sagittal planes), with the following parameters recorded: 1. The number of ST (Figure 1); 2. The side of the ST (left or right); 3. The distribution of the ST (paraincisor, paracanine, parapremolar, and paramolar; as originally proposed by Davidson et al. [12]); 4. The orientation of the ST (normal, inverted, inclined, horizontal, or undefined) (Figure 2); 5. Morphology of ST (supplemental, conical, tuberculate, and odontoma) (Figure 3); 6. Crown position (labial/buccal, median and lingual); 7. Eruption status (erupted or impacted); 8. The developmental stages (11 stages as reported by Kuremoto et al. [13]) (Figure 4); 9. Dilaceration of the ST (yes or no); 10. The associated complications of ST (none, dilaceration of adjacent teeth, cystic lesions, root resorption of adjacent teeth, impaction of adjacent teeth, crowding of dentition, and displacement) (Figure 5). Identification of third dentition and LDST The third dentition ST was identified using the following criteria reported by Kiso et al. [6]: 1) the ST is located on the lingual side of the permanent tooth, 2) the ST develops after the formation of the permanent tooth, and 3) the shape of the ST is similar to that of the adjacent teeth. Li Xiaoqing et al. defined LDST as follows: 1) at least three stages behind the development of the corresponding permanent tooth, and 2) the actual age exceeds the dental age by at least three years [14]. Following Haavikko's method, we assessed the developmental stages of 153 mandibular ST, and dental age was calculated according to the method proposed by Kuremoto et al. [13]. Using these criteria, 153 mandibular ST were evaluated to determine whether they belonged to the third dentition or the LDST. Statistical analysis Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp., USA). Continuous data were presented as mean±SD, and categorical variables as frequencies (%). Nominal categorical variables were analyzed via R×C contingency tables, and associations between variables were assessed using Pearson’s χ² or Fisher’s exact tests. Statistical significance was set at P-value < 0.05. Results Epidemiological characteristics of mandibular ST As shown in Table 1, the sex ratio of the patients was 1.18 (male: female). The patients were divided into three age groups: children (6-12 years), adolescents (13-18 years), and young adults (19-35 years). Our data indicated a lower detection rate of mandibular ST in children compared to that in adolescents and young adults. Majority of cases occurred in the permanent dentition stage. ST could occur as a single or multiple teeth, with approximately half of the patients having one ST. Table 1: Epidemiological data of 85 patients with ST in the mandibular region. Variable Patients (%) Age(year) 6-12 13-18 19-35 15(17.65) 39(45.89) 31(36.47) Gender Male Female 46(54.12) 39(45.89) Dentition Mixed Permanent 7(8.24) 78(91.76) Number Side 1 2 ≥3 Left Right Bilateral 44(51.76) 25(29.41) 16(18.82) 19(22.35) 31(36.47) 35(41.18) Location and morphological characteristics of ST As shown in Table 2, 54.25% of ST were located in the right mandible, while 45.75% were located in the left mandible. ST distribution was the highest in the parapremolar region, compared with the other regions (paracanine, paramolar, and paraincisor). In the coronal plane, the ST was mostly located on the lingual side. The orientation of the tooth crown was classified into five categories: normal (66.67%), inclined (22.22%), horizontal (8.5%), inverted (1.97%), and undefined (0.65%). Additionally, 88.88% of ST were impacted. The supplemental type was the most common morphology of the mandibular ST, followed by tuberculate, conical, and odontoma. In 85.62% of the cases, the roots of the ST were incompletely developed, and few had root dilaceration. 49.02% of the ST were associated with complications, categorized as 1): reversible complications, which could be restored to normal through orthodontic and surgical treatment, such as impaction or malposition of adjacent teeth, diastema, crowding, and cystic lesions; or 2): irreversible complications, including root dilaceration and root resorption of adjacent teeth, and hypodontia. Table 2 : The characteristics of 153 ST Variable Number (%) Side Left Right 70(45.75) 83(54.25) Distribution Localization Eruption status Orientation Morphology Developmental stage Dilaceration of supernumerary tooth Complications Reversible complications Irreversible complications Paraincisor Paracanine Parapremolar Paramolar Labial/buccal Lingual Median/within arch Impacted Erupted Normal Inclined Horizontal Inverted Undefined Supplemental Conical Tuberculate Odontoma Ac Rc R3/4 R1/2 R1/4 Crc Before Crc Yes No Asymptomatic Dilaceration Cystic lesion Root resorption Impaction Malposition Crowding Hypodontia Combination 7(4.58) 33(21.57) 105(68.63) 8(5.22) 7(4.58) 142(92.81) 4(2.61) 136(88.88) 17(11.11) 102(66.67) 34(22.22) 13(8.50) 3(1.97) 1(0.65) 116(75.82) 16(10.46) 18(11.76) 3(1.97) 22(14.38) 27(17.65) 10(6.54) 21(13.74) 8(5.23) 31(20.26) 34(22.22) 7(4.58) 146(95.42) 78(50.98) 35(22.88) 5(3.27) 3(1.96) 9(5.88) 5(3.27) 9(5.88) 1(0.65) 8(5.23) 31(41.33%) 44(58.67%) Reasons for presentation and surgical approach As shown in Table 3, a large percentage of ST were discovered through radiographic examination, including 40% found during orthodontic imaging and 35.29% during other diagnostic imaging (such as examinations during endodontic treatment and pre-implant assessment); those detected by oral examinations accounted for 14.12%; and 9 of 85 patients presented with symptoms including food impaction, gingival swelling, or occlusal discomfort. Local anesthesia was used in 97.39% of the cases, with only two cases requiring general anesthesia. Conventional extraction techniques were employed for 94.12% of the ST (144/153), whereas nine ST were removed using computer-navigated precision positioning. Surgical approaches included buccal (77.78%), lingual (8.50%), combined buccal-lingual (1.31%), and unspecified (12.42 %) approaches. Table 3: Reasons for presentation and surgical approach. Variable Patients or number (%) Reasons (Patients) Orthodontic screening examinations Imaging findings Oral examination Discomfort Surgical approach (Number) Lingual approach Buccal approach Combination Not mentioned Additional treatment (Number) Computer navigation Conventional Mode of anesthesia (Number) General anesthesia Local anesthesia 34(40.00) 30(35.29) 12(14.12) 9(10.59) 119(77.78) 13(8.50) 2(1.31) 19(12.42) 9(5.88) 144(94.12) 4(2.61) 149(97.39) Analysis of mandibular ST by age group As shown in Table 4, mandibular ST showed age-related characteristics, with a peak detection in adolescents (50.33%). All cases in the children group presented with impacted ST, and the eruption rates increased with age. Regarding the crown orientation, the inclination of the tooth crown was lowest in the children's group (3.85%), followed by the adolescent group (20.78%), and highest in the young adult group (34.00%). Supplemental ST predominated in children (80.77%) and adolescents (87.01%), but decreased in young adults (58%), with corresponding increases in conical and tuberculate types. Reversible complications occurred at a higher frequency in children (42.31%), whereas irreversible complications were most commonly observed in adolescents (38.96%). Table 4: Analysis of age groups characteristics of ST Analysis of eruption status and distribution area of ST As shown in Table 5, there were statistically significant differences in the eruption status of the ST in different distribution areas. Statistical analysis indicated no significant differences (p>0.05) between the erupted and impacted ST in terms of anatomical distribution, spatial orientation, morphology, or complication rates. Inverted ST occurred exclusively in the anterior regions, whereas normally oriented ST showed a posteriorly increasing prevalence of 57.14% (paraincisor), 60.61% (paracanine), 66.67% (parapremolar), and 100% (paramolar). Table 5: Analysis of the eruption status and distribution area of ST Variable Impacted Erupted p-value Paraincisor Paracanine Parapremolar Paramolar p-value N=136 N=17 N=7 N=33 N=105 N=8 Distribution Localization Orientation Morphology Complications Paraincisor Paracanine Parapremolar Paramolar Labial/buccal Lingual Median Normal Inclined Horizontal Inverted Undefined Supplemental Conical Tuberculate Odontoma Asymptomatic Reversible complications Irreversible complications 4(2.94) 33(24.26) 94(69.12) 5(3.68) 7(5.15) 125(91.91) 4(2.94) 89(65.44) 30(22.06) 13(9.56) 3(2.21) 1(0.74) 104(76.47) 14(10.29) 15(11.03) 3(2.21) 69(50.74) 24(17.65) 43(31.62) 3(17.65) 0(0.00) 12(70.59) 2(11.76) 0(0.00) 17(100) 0(0.00) 13(76.47) 4(23.53) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 12(70.59) 2(11.76) 3(17.65) 0(0.00) 9(52.94) 5(29.41) 3(17.65) 0.003 1.000 0.745 0.715 0.379 ---- ---- ---- ---- 1(14.29) 6(85.71) 0(0.00) 4(57.14) 0(0.00) 2(28.57) 1(14.29) 0(0.00) 3(42.86) 1(14.29) 2(28.57) 1(14.29) 1(14.29) 6(85.71) 0.00 ---- ---- ---- ---- 1(3.03) 30(90.91) 2(6.06) 20(60.61) 8(24.24) 3(9.09) 2(6.06) 0(0.00) 27(81.82) 3(9.09) 3(9.09) 0(0.00) 18(54.55) 7(21.21) 8(24.24) ---- ---- ---- ---- 5(4.76) 98(93.33) 2(1.90) 70(66.67) 26(24.76) 8(7.62) 0(0.00) 1(0.95) 83(79.05) 10(9.52) 10(9.52) 2(1.90) 53(50.48) 16(15.24) 36(34.29) ---- ---- ---- ---- 0(0.00) 8(100.00) 0(0.00) 8(100.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 4(50.00) 2(25.00) 2(25.00) 0(0.00) 6(75.00) 0(0.00) 2(25.00) ---- 0.486 0.000 0.062 0.005 Analysis of complications of ST As shown in Table 5, the incisors had the highest reversible complication rate, whereas the molars had the lowest overall complication rate (all irreversible). The canine and premolar regions exhibited no clinical impact in 54.55% and 50.48% of the cases, respectively, with irreversible complications slightly outweighing reversible complications when present. As detailed in Table 6, the major complications included root dilaceration of the adjacent teeth, root resorption of the adjacent teeth, cyst formation (80% in the premolar region, 60% supplemental-type), and impaction of the adjacent teeth. Normally oriented and inclined tooth crowns could lead to cyst formation; however, cyst formation showed no preference for laterality (p>0.05). Region-specific analysis revealed that root resorption predominantly occurred in the molar region. Root dilaceration of adjacent teeth was the most frequently observed mandibular ST complication, showing a particular association with supplemental-type ST in the premolar/canine regions. Table 6: Analysis of the complications of ST Variable Cystic lesion P-value Root resorption of adjacent tooth P-value Yes=5 No=148 Yes=3 No=150 Side Localization Orientation Morphology Distribution Left Right Labial/buccal Lingual Median Normal Inclined Horizontal Inverted Undefined Supplemental Conical Tuberculate Odontoma Paraincisor Paracanine Parapremolar Paramolar 1(20.00) 4(80.00) 0(0.00) 4(80.00) 1(20.00) 2(40.00) 2(40.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(20.00) 3(60.00) 1(0.74) 0(0.00) 1(20.00) 0(0.00) 1(20.00) 4(80.00) 0(0.00) 69(46.62) 79(52.38) 7(4.73) 138(93.24) 3(2.03) 100(67.57) 32(21.62) 13(8.78) 3(2.03) 0(0.00) 114(77.03) 15(10.14) 17(11.49) 2(1.35) 7(4.73) 32(21.62) 101(68.24) 8(5.41) 0.240 0.043 0.036 0.020 0.000 1(33.33) 2(66.67) 0(0.00) 3(100) 0(0.00) 3(100) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 2(66.67) 1(33.33) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 1(33.33) 2(66.67) 69(46.00) 81(54.00) 7(4.67) 139(92.67) 4(2.67) 99(66.00) 34(22.67) 13(8.67) 3(2.00) 1(0.67) 115(76.67) 15(10.00) 17(11.33) 3(2.00) 7(4.67) 33(22.00) 104(69.33) 6(4.00) 0.564 1.000 0.701 0.358 0.000 Variable Impaction of adjacent tooth P-value Dilaceration P-value Yes=12 No=141 Yes=42 No=111 Side Localization Orientation Morphology Distribution Left Right Labial/buccal Lingual Median Normal Inclined Horizontal Inverted Undefined Supplemental Conical Tuberculate Odontoma Parancisor Paracanine Parapremolar Paramolar 7(58.33) 5(41.67) 4(33.33) 8(66.67) 0(0.00) 7(58.33) 2(16.67) 3(25.00) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 9(75.00) 0(0.00) 2(16.67) 1(8.33) 1(8.33) 3(35.00) 8(66.67) 0(0.00) 63(44.68) 78(55.32) 3(2.13) 134(95.04) 4(2.84) 95(67.38) 32(22.70) 10(7.09) 3(2.13) 1(0.00) 108(76.60) 16(11.35) 15(10.64) 2(1.42) 6(4.26) 30(21.28) 97(68.79) 8(5.67) 0.362 0.000 0.296 0.159 0.762 16(38.10) 26(61.90) 2(4.76) 40(95.24) 0(0.00) 30(71.43) 11(26.19) 1(2.38) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 40(95.24) 1(2.38) 1(2.38) 0(0.00) 0(0.00) 7(16.67) 35(83.33) 0(0.00) 54(48.65) 57(51.35) 5(4.50) 102(91.89) 4(3.60) 72(64.86) 23(20.72) 12(10.81) 3(2.70) 1(0.90) 77(69.37) 15(13.51) 16(14.41) 3(2.70) 7(6.31) 26(23.42) 70(63.06) 8(7.21) 0.242 0.460 0.323 0.007 0.043 Third dentition and LDST According to the established diagnostic criteria for third dentition ST [6], 92 of the 153 mandibular ST in our study were derived from the third dentition. Developmental staging of 153 mandibular ST using Haavikko's method (Table7) showed that 85.62% of the STs displayed incomplete development, with crown completion being the most frequently observed stage. The application of the established late-developing ST criteria [14] identified 143 LDST cases, of which 86 originated from the third dentition. Table 7 : The developmental stages of ST Discussion Mandibular ST exhibits a high complication rate, often causing irreversible damage to adjacent teeth and dental arch integrity. However, previous research has predominantly focused on maxillary ST, with limited studies focusing on mandibular ST. Ma et al. investigated the prevalence of mandibular ST in Chinese children and adolescents and reported an incidence rate of 4.23% [ 8 ], whereas Jiang et al. observed a significantly higher rate of 13.82% in adults [ 15 ]. Nevertheless, both studies predominantly investigated the characteristics of ST in the complete dentition. Our study systematically analyzed the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical and CBCT radiographic characteristics of mandibular ST in different age groups. Recently, the third dentition has gained increasing attention in dental research. Current evidence suggests that ST may originate from rescued remnants of the degenerating third dentition [ 7 , 16 ]. Kiso et al. suggested that the third dentition was the primary etiological source of ST formation in the mandibular premolar region [ 7 ]. In our study, more than half of the mandibular ST originated from the third dentition, corroborating Kiso et al.'s findings and further supporting the third dentition as the primary etiological source of mandibular ST. Notably, most ST cases in our study were classified as LDST, among which many originate from third dentition. These results align with those of Li et al. and confirm a significant association between LDST and the third dentition [ 14 ]. Previous studies have shown that tooth formation can be induced through specific molecular manipulations. Kiso et al. proposed that targeted molecular therapy could activate the third dentition tooth germs for complete tooth regeneration [ 17 ]. Congenital anodontia of the mandible is relatively common [ 18 ], particularly in the case of mandibular second premolars, and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for congenital anodontia patients. In our study, mandibular ST had a higher detection rate in the permanent dentition, with the majority of cases concentrated in patients aged 13–35 years. This age distribution pattern may be attributed to the over-representation of orthodontic patients in this age group within our sample. Previous reports indicate that mandibular ST located in the premolars develop 7–10 years later than their normal counterparts, with radiographic visibility typically achieved only after the age of nine [ 10 ]. This developmental delay likely accounts for the universal impaction observed in the children in our study. The prevalence of ST shows ethnic variation, with higher incidence rates observed in Chinese (2.6%) than in Turkish (0.76%) and Italian (0.18%) populations[ 19 – 21 ]. Current evidence suggests that premolar ST show higher prevalence among non-Caucasian populations, with the majority of reported cases of premolar ST occur in patients of Eastern or African descent[ 10 ]. Consistent with the sex distribution of ST in the complete dentition [ 22 ], mandibular ST demonstrated a male predominance in our study. This finding likely reflects the combined effects of genetic and environmental factors. The current evidence suggests that ST are associated with autosomal recessive inheritance patterns [ 22 ]. Among the mandibular ST in our study, most were in the premolar area, with fewer in the incisor and molar areas, consistent with previous epidemiological reports[ 20 , 23 ]. This study exclusively enrolled non-syndromic patients; the ratio of single to multiple ST approached 1:1. Previous studies indicated that multiple non-syndromic ST predominantly localize to the mandibular premolar region [ 16 , 24 ], with bilateral occurrence observed in 41.18% of cases. Therefore, in patients with mandibular ST, the detection of one supernumerary lesion should prompt a thorough examination for additional ST, including both ipsilateral and contralateral locations. ST may remain asymptomatic or induce various complications [ 4 , 16 , 25 , 26 ]. A study by Xiaoqing et al. revealed a complication rate of 26.70% for ST in the complete dentition [ 14 ]. In our study, mandibular ST showed a significantly higher complication rate, with the majority of complications being irreversible, including root dilaceration and resorption of the adjacent teeth. Jiang et al. reported that ST associated with adjacent tooth root resorption was predominantly of the supplemental type and mainly exhibited an inclined orientation [ 15 ]. Similarly, our study found that the mandibular ST were predominantly of the supplemental type, with orientations that were mainly normal and inclined. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between root resorption and ST morphology, which may be attributed to the relatively small sample size. Our study indicated that cysts associated with ST predominantly occurred in the mandibular premolar region, which aligns with previous reports suggesting that mandibular ST in premolars exhibits a significant propensity for cystogenesis and pathological alterations [ 27 – 29 ]. Regarding the distribution characteristics of root resorption, current evidence indicates that root resorption associated with ST predominantly occur in the mandible [ 10 , 27 ]. Jiang et al. and Mossaz et al. observed that root resorption most frequently occurred in the premolar region [ 4 , 15 ]. However, the present study identified the molar region as the primary site of root resorption. Notably, all cases of root resorption in our series were caused by the supplemental-type premolars. These molar-positioned supernumerary premolars are classified as transposed premolars, likely originating from the premolar dental lamina before the aberrant migration to molar positions during odontogenesis [ 10 , 11 ]. Age-stratified analysis revealed that reversible complications predominated in children, whereas adolescents exhibited the highest rate of irreversible complications. Therefore, early surgical removal of mandibular ST may significantly reduce the risk of irreversible complications. Our study found that the majority of ST were impacted, asymptomatic, and detectable only through radiographic examination. However, it is particularly noteworthy that mandibular ST, once present, are associated with a high complication rate with significant consequences, necessitating heightened clinical vigilance. Given the delayed developmental pattern characteristic of the mandibular ST, we recommend periodic radiographic follow-up examinations to facilitate the early detection of numerical dental anomalies, thereby minimizing irreversible damage to the adjacent teeth and the overall dentition. The management of ST remains controversial, particularly regarding the timing and indications for extraction. Current evidence advocates for personalized treatment plans based on case-specific characteristics [ 30 , 31 ], with key determinants including patient age, ST position in jawbone, and complication status [ 32 ]. Special consideration is required for mandibular posterior ST owing to their anatomical complexity and surgical challenges. For supplemental ST with lingual inclination and impaction in the mandibular premolar region, early extraction is recommended because delayed management may result in irreversible complications. For orthodontic patients, ST identified before or during treatment should be extracted to prevent interference with tooth movement. When detected post-treatment, asymptomatic ST showing no evidence of no occlusal interference or adverse effects on treatment outcomes may be managed through periodic radiographic surveillance and clinical monitoring [ 9 , 10 ]. Although a primary surgical method for ST, the complex lingual anatomy of the mandible poses significant technical challenges [ 30 ]. Recent advances in digital dentistry, including surgical guides, endoscopic systems, and real-time navigation technologies [ 33 – 37 ] have been successfully implemented in third molar extractions [ 35 , 38 ], and are now being adapted for mandibular ST [ 39 ]. In our study, nine ST were extracted after accurate positioning using a computer navigation system. This technology offers significant advantages such as real-time dynamic tracking for positional accuracy, minimal tissue trauma, protection of adjacent teeth and neurovascular structures, reduced operative time, and enhanced patient comfort, suggesting its potential for broader clinical adoption. In summary, this study provides a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of mandibular ST, enabling personalized treatment planning and optimization of therapeutic outcomes. Abbreviations ST Supernumerary Teeth CBCT Cone-beam Computed Tomography LDST Late-developing Supernumerary Teeth Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Ethics ID: xjkqll [2021]-10). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University in view of the retrospective nature of the study. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data The datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests. Funding: This study was funded by China Scholarship Council (grant number 202406280111), Research Program of Science and Technology in Xi’an (grant number 24YXYJ0129). Author contributions: Zhou Zhang and Jing Gong performed systematic image data curation (including acquisition, organization, analysis, and statistical processing) and original draft preparation. Tingyi Wu contributed to data analysis and revision of the draft. Yuanting Liu and Yutong Cheng conducted retrieval of radiographic and medical record data from the institutional PACS. Fei Liu provided senior supervision throughout the study design and participated in critical discussions for methodological validation. Jun-Ichi SASAKI and Satoshi IMAZATO contributed to critical revision of the draft. Acknowledgments: Thanks to Editage (www.editage.cn) for English language editing. References Anthonappa RP, King NM, Rabie ABM: Aetiology of supernumerary teeth: a literature review . European Archives of Paediatric Dentistry 2013, 14 (5):279-288. Mallineni SK, Jayaraman J, Wong HM, King NM: Dental development in children with supernumerary teeth in the anterior region of maxilla . Clinical Oral Investigations 2018, 23 (7):2987-2994. Chen K-C, Huang J-S, Chen M-Y, Cheng K-H, Wong T-Y, Huang T-T: Unusual Supernumerary Teeth and Treatment Outcomes Analyzed for Developing Improved Diagnosis and Management Plans . Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2019, 77 (5):920-931. Mossaz J, Kloukos D, Pandis N, Suter VGA, Katsaros C, Bornstein MM: Morphologic characteristics, location, and associated complications of maxillary and mandibular supernumerary teeth as evaluated using cone beam computed tomography . European Journal of Orthodontics 2014, 36 (6):708-718. Xie Y, Gao H, Xing L, Tang M: Late developing supernumerary teeth and congenital absence of the upper right lateral incisor in the maxillary anterior region: a rare case report . BMC Oral Health 2025, 25 (1). Kiso H, Takahashi K, Mishima S, Murashima-Suginami A, Kakeno A, Yamazaki T, Asai K, Tokita Y, Uozumi R, Sugai M et al : Third Dentition Is the Main Cause of Premolar Supernumerary Tooth Formation . Journal of Dental Research 2019, 98 (9):968-974. Takahashi K, Kiso H, Saito K, Togo Y, Tsukamoto H, Huang B, Bessho K: Feasibility of Gene Therapy for Tooth Regeneration by Stimulation of a Third Dentition . In: Gene Therapy - Tools and Potential Applications. edn.; 2013. Ma X, Jiang Y, Ge H, Yao Y, Wang Y, Mei Y, Wang D: Epidemiological, clinical, radiographic characterization of non‐syndromic supernumerary teeth in Chinese children and adolescents . Oral Diseases 2020, 27 (4):981-992. Paduano S, Rongo R, Lucchese A, Aiello D, Michelotti A, Grippaudo C: Late-Developing Supernumerary Premolars: Analysis of Different Therapeutic Approaches . Case Reports in Dentistry 2016, 2016 :1-8. Khalaf K, Al Shehadat S, Murray CA: A Review of Supernumerary Teeth in the Premolar Region . International Journal of Dentistry 2018, 2018 :1-6. Non-Syndromic Bilateral Impacted Supernumerary Premolar Patient with Associated Oresidual Cyst: A Case Report and Review of Literature . Journal of Dentistry & Oral Disorders 2018, 4(4) : 1096. Davidson CL, Smit C, Nel S: Supernumerary teeth: A pictorial review and revised classification . Journal of Oral Biology and Craniofacial Research 2025, 15 (3):454-462. Kuremoto K, Okawa R, Matayoshi S, Kokomoto K, Nakano K: Estimation of dental age based on the developmental stages of permanent teeth in Japanese children and adolescents . Scientific Reports 2022, 12 (1). Li X, Gong X, Yu M, Gao X: Clinical features of non-syndromic late developing supernumerary teeth: a sign of the third dentition? BMC Oral Health 2024, 24 (1). Jiang Y, Ma X, Wu Y, Li J, Li Z, Wang Y, Cheng J, Wang D: Epidemiological, clinical, and 3-dimentional CBCT radiographic characterizations of supernumerary teeth in a non-syndromic adult population: a single-institutional study from 60,104 Chinese subjects . Clinical Oral Investigations 2020, 24 (12):4271-4281. Wang XP, Fan J: Molecular genetics of supernumerary tooth formation . genesis 2011, 49 (4):261-277. Klymkowsky M, Kiso H, Takahashi K, Saito K, Togo Y, Tsukamoto H, Huang B, Sugai M, Shimizu A, Tabata Y et al : Interactions between BMP-7 and USAG-1 (Uterine Sensitization-Associated Gene-1) Regulate Supernumerary Organ Formations . PLoS ONE 2014, 9 (5). Shen Z, Wei J, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Yao J: The prevalence of dental agenesis, supernumerary teeth and odontoma in a Chinese paediatric population: an epidemiological study . BMC Oral Health 2025, 25 (1). Chou S-T, Chang H-P, Yang Y-H, Lung C-Y, Tseng Y-C, Pan C-Y, Cheng J-H: Characteristics of supernumerary teeth among nonsyndromic dental patients . Journal of Dental Sciences 2015, 10 (2):133-138. Bereket C, Çakir-Özkan N, Şener İ, Bulut E, Baştan A: Analyses of 1100 supernumerary teeth in a nonsyndromic Turkish population: A retrospective multicenter study . Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice 2015, 18 (6). Cassetta M, Altieri F, Giansanti M, Di-Giorgio R, Calasso S: Morphological and topographical characteristics of posterior supernumerary molar teeth: An epidemiological study on 25,186 subjects . Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal 2014:e545-e549. Ozan F KI, Ay S: Impacted mandibular permanent incisors associated with a supernumerary tooth: a case report . Eur J Dent 2009, 3(4) :324-328. McBeain M, Miloro M: Characteristics of Supernumerary Teeth in Nonsyndromic Population in an Urban Dental School Setting . Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2018, 76 (5):933-938. Ferrés-Padró E P-AJ, Ferrés-Amat E: A descriptive study of 113 unerupted supernumerary teeth in 79 pediatric patients in Barcelona . Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2009, 14(3) :E146-152. Mossaz J, Suter VG, Katsaros C, Bornstein MM: [Supernumerary teeth in the maxilla and mandible-an interdisciplinary challenge. Part 1: epidemiology, etiology, classification and associated complications] . Swiss Dent J 2016, 126 (2):131-149. Pescia R KS, Antonarakis GS: Spontaneous eruption of impacted maxillary incisors after surgical extraction of supernumerary teeth: a systematic review and meta-analysis . Clin Oral Investig 2020, 24(11) :3749-3759. Kasat V, Saluja H, Kalburge J, Kini Y, Nikam A, Laddha R: Multiple bilateral supernumerary mandibular premolars in a non-syndromic patient with associated orthokeratised odontogenic cyst- A case report and review of literature . Contemporary Clinical Dentistry 2012, 3 (6). I Bodin PJ, M Thomsson: Hyperodontia. I. Frequency and distribution of supernumerary teeth among 21,609 patients . Dentomaxillofac Radiol 1978, 7(1) :15-17. G H POYTON GAM, S A CROUCH: Recurring supernumerary mandibular premolars. Report of a case of postmature development . Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1960:964-966. Permana H, Yusuf ASH, Alkaabi SA, Ariestiana YY, Gazali M, Fauzi A, Tajrin A, Ruslin M: Post-surgical complications of supernumerary teeth in the mandibular premolar area: A systematic review . Heliyon 2024, 10 (15). A.-A. J. Ata-Ali F P-OD, Peñarrocha-Diago M: Prevalence, etiology, diagnosis, treatment and complications of supernumerary teeth . J Clin Exp Dent 2014, 6(4) :e414-418. Jessica Mossaz 1 VGAS, Christos Katsaros, Michael M Bornstein: Supernumerary teeth in the maxilla and mandible-an interdisciplinary challenge. Part 1: epidemiology, etiology, classification and associated complications . Swiss Dent J 2016, 126(2) :131-149. Zeng J, Jiang Y, Liu Y, Hu Y, Guo C, Zhou L: Research on a novel digital tooth sectioning guide system for tooth sectioning during mandibular third molar extraction: An in vitro study . Journal of Stomatology, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2023, 124 (1). Anand M, Panwar S: Role of Navigation in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery: A Surgeon’s Perspectives . Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry 2021, Volume 13 :127-139. Emery RW, Korj O, Agarwal R: A Review of In-Office Dynamic Image Navigation for Extraction of Complex Mandibular Third Molars . Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2017, 75 (8):1591-1600. Liu M, Yang X, Lv K, Li Z: Minimally-invasive alternative to the extraction of deeply-impacted supernumerary teeth using a computer-designed surgical template . British Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2019, 57 (3):285-287. Beltrán V, Cantín M, Borie E, Fuentes R, Engelke W: Endoscopic Removal of a Supernumerary Premolar in the Mandible during a Dental Implant Placement . Case Reports in Dentistry 2014, 2014 :1-5. Guo Y, Xu D-D, Lv K, Wan Q-L, Li Z-B, Li Z: Use of Computer-Assisted Navigation in the Retrieval of Accidentally Displaced Third Molars . Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 2016, 74 (5):889-894. Xu F, Elayah SA, Ren J, Tu JB, Na SJ: Precision Extraction of Lingual Mandibular Supernumerary Teeth Using Dynamic Navigation and High-Speed Handpieces: A Case Report . American Journal of Case Reports 2024, 25 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 29 Jan, 2026 Reviewers agreed at journal 27 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 01 Oct, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 24 Sep, 2025 Reviews received at journal 09 Jul, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 29 Jun, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 19 Jun, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 19 Jun, 2025 Editor invited by journal 05 Jun, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Jun, 2025 First submitted to journal 04 Jun, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6782256","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":474067843,"identity":"d88804df-5d25-4b2c-a7c5-95dd35c5d662","order_by":0,"name":"Zhou Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medical Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhou","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":474067844,"identity":"4409196b-7da8-4bab-b6a4-59e50ae5d638","order_by":1,"name":"Jing Gong","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medical Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jing","middleName":"","lastName":"Gong","suffix":""},{"id":474067845,"identity":"5ab40a69-9f37-4d40-a27a-ebd114d47b24","order_by":2,"name":"Tingyi Wu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tingyi","middleName":"","lastName":"Wu","suffix":""},{"id":474067846,"identity":"df7d829b-75cb-4f59-a130-cb87ec5f38f8","order_by":3,"name":"Yuanting Liu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medical Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuanting","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":474067847,"identity":"cd4fa1b4-69d6-4643-823d-6dfc9e5a5de8","order_by":4,"name":"Yutong Cheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Zonglian College, Xi'an Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yutong","middleName":"","lastName":"Cheng","suffix":""},{"id":474067848,"identity":"4ed9a018-2c6f-4caa-b56e-8e5ce1357b9f","order_by":5,"name":"Jun-Ichi SASAKI","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jun-Ichi","middleName":"","lastName":"SASAKI","suffix":""},{"id":474067849,"identity":"31e6fbce-3b2d-4430-adb5-610ee490d12c","order_by":6,"name":"Fei Liu","email":"data:image/png;base64,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","orcid":"","institution":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medical Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Fei","middleName":"","lastName":"Liu","suffix":""},{"id":474067850,"identity":"a5d3ce66-3455-498b-8af1-36b390d67ac4","order_by":7,"name":"Satoshi IMAZATO","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Satoshi","middleName":"","lastName":"IMAZATO","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-30 07:38:30","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6782256/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6782256/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":85273218,"identity":"d8ebcc16-47b3-43fb-830c-1a9f77c6dedd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-24 06:47:53","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":330222,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eNumber of mandibular ST\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ea: single ST; b: two ST; c: three ST; d: four ST; e1-e2: five ST.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6782256/v1/7fd5d40b4299d2c901bcadef.png"},{"id":85272301,"identity":"072f7beb-f27e-46f5-8a60-9deae697aedb","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-24 06:39:53","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":182167,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eOrientation of ST\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ea: Normal/vertical; b: Inclined; c: Horizontal; d: Inverted.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6782256/v1/b8729baeb40e7293840b7607.png"},{"id":85272300,"identity":"be6ccbf6-7c72-454b-9294-9d50a388899d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-24 06:39:52","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":193611,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMorphology of ST\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ea: Supplemental; b: Conical; c: Tuberculosis; d: Odontoma.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6782256/v1/670f0acd29b01ea658d39a95.png"},{"id":85272304,"identity":"996b203d-5a1a-4c49-b09e-f969dcf938ed","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-24 06:39:53","extension":"png","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":153071,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eComplications of mandibular ST\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003ea: Root dilaceration of adjacent teeth; b: Impaction of adjacent teeth and retained deciduous teeth; c: Dentigerous cyst; d: Labial inclination of adjacent tooth; e1-e2: Root resorption of adjacent teeth.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6782256/v1/2410de71463a3298b6e3ddc1.png"},{"id":85274010,"identity":"9a749d5c-9bad-4628-9fa2-c2fe8a476a21","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-24 06:55:53","extension":"png","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":93002,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eDevelopmental stages of teeth\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eO: Crypt with no calcification; Ci: Calcification initiation; Cco: Coalescence of cusps; Cr1/2: Crown 1/2 complete; Cr3/4: Crown 3/4 complete; Crc: Crown complete; R1/4: Root 1/4 length; R1/2: Root 1/2 length; R3/4: Root 3/4 length; Rc: Root complete; Ac: Apex closed. These classification criteria were proposed by Kuremoto et al. [13].\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"5.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6782256/v1/bdd35d8948667c8cb299b9ac.png"},{"id":85274440,"identity":"ceabb753-14ae-4899-a0e6-01f7189da110","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-06-24 07:03:55","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3939093,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6782256/v1/9e8ea32c-48e2-4da1-bab7-dd2acb00a1d0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Etiology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of 153 Mandibular Supernumerary Teeth in Chinese Non-Syndromic Populations","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eSupernumerary teeth (ST) are defined as teeth or odontogenic structures that have erupted or impacted beyond the normal dental formula (20 deciduous teeth or 32 permanent teeth) in the human dentition [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e]. Classical theories regarding the etiology of ST include the dichotomy of the tooth germ, hyperactivity of the dental lamina, atavism, and genetic and environmental factors [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e]. Among these, the most widely accepted is the hyperactivity of the dental lamina [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. These teeth are believed to originate from the third dentition or late-developing supernumerary teeth (LDST), which typically undergo apoptotic regression after permanent tooth eruption [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. Kiso and Takahashi et al. proposed that ST is a result of the rescue of regression of the third dentition in humans and that the third dentition is the main cause of ST in the premolar region[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMandibular ST is more prevalent in permanent dentition, followed by mixed dentition, with few reported cases in deciduous dentition [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e]. Previous research predominantly concentrated on maxillary ST; therefore, systematic investigations of mandibular ST remain scarce and only a handful of reports have mentioned characterization of ST in the mandibular premolar region [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. The etiology and clinical characteristics of mandibular ST remain unclear. Mandibular ST carries a high risk of complications, posing significant harm to the adjacent teeth and dentition. Clinically, most mandibular ST are extracted using the lingual approach, which is technically demanding because of the complex lingual anatomy of the mandible [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Therefore, we systematically analyzed the clinical and radiographic data of 153 mandibular ST to characterize their etiologies, epidemiological distributions, and clinical and radiographic features. These findings will enhance clinicians\u0026rsquo; understanding of mandibular ST and provide a theoretical basis for formulating personalized treatment plans.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Materials and Methods","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSubjects\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis retrospective study included patients diagnosed with mandibular ST at the Stomatology Hospital of Xi\u0026apos;an Jiaotong University (January 2022-June 2024). The inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT)-confirmed mandibular ST with complete medical records, 2) no prior ST extraction, and 3) signed informed consent. The exclusion criteria were as follows: 1) syndromic ST (such as cleidocranial dysplasia, cleft lip/palate, chondroectodermal dysplasia, and Gardner syndrome), 2) incomplete medical or radiographic records, and 3) prior ST extraction. Finally, the study included 85 patients (153 with mandibular ST).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCase screening and radiographic evaluations were independently performed by two attending dentists. In cases of disagreement, a third senior dentist was consulted for the final decision. The etiology, epidemiology, and clinical and radiological characteristics of ST were systematically analyzed. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Stomatology Hospital of Xi\u0026apos;an Jiaotong University (Ethics ID: xjkqll [2021]-10).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEpidemiological data collection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe patients\u0026rsquo; electronic health records were systematically reviewed to extract the following information: sex, age, chief complaint, anesthetic technique, and surgical approach.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCBCT radiographic analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll CBCT data were obtained based on clinical needs and exported in the DICOM format from the hospital\u0026apos;s picture archiving and communication system. Images were analyzed using the Dolphin Imaging software. Each ST was evaluated\u0026nbsp;using three-dimensional-reconstructed images and multiplanar reconstructions (axial, coronal, and sagittal planes), with the following parameters recorded:\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e1. The number of ST (Figure 1);\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2. The side of the ST (left or right);\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3. The distribution of the ST (paraincisor, paracanine, parapremolar, and paramolar; as originally proposed by Davidson et al. [12]);\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4. The orientation of the ST (normal, inverted, inclined, horizontal, or undefined) (Figure 2);\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5. Morphology of ST (supplemental, conical, tuberculate, and odontoma) (Figure 3);\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e6. Crown position (labial/buccal, median and lingual);\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7. Eruption status (erupted or impacted);\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8. The developmental stages (11 stages as reported by Kuremoto et al. [13]) (Figure 4);\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9. Dilaceration of the ST (yes or no);\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10. The associated complications of ST (none, dilaceration of adjacent teeth, cystic lesions, root resorption of adjacent teeth, impaction of adjacent teeth, crowding of dentition, and displacement) (Figure 5).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eIdentification of third dentition and LDST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe third dentition ST was identified using the following criteria reported by Kiso et al. [6]: 1) the ST is located on the lingual side of the permanent tooth, 2) the ST develops after the formation of the permanent tooth, and 3) the shape of the ST is similar to that of the adjacent teeth. Li Xiaoqing et al. defined LDST as follows: 1) at least three stages behind the development of the corresponding permanent tooth, and 2) the actual age exceeds the dental age by at least three years [14]. Following Haavikko\u0026apos;s method, we assessed the developmental stages of 153 mandibular ST, and dental age was calculated according to the method proposed by Kuremoto et al. [13]. Using these criteria, 153 mandibular ST were evaluated to determine whether they belonged to the third dentition or the LDST.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStatistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0 (IBM Corp., USA). Continuous data were presented as mean\u0026plusmn;SD, and categorical variables as frequencies (%). Nominal categorical variables were analyzed via R\u0026times;C contingency tables, and associations between variables were assessed using Pearson\u0026rsquo;s \u0026chi;\u0026sup2; or Fisher\u0026rsquo;s exact tests. Statistical significance was set at P-value \u0026lt; 0.05.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEpidemiological characteristics of mandibular ST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table 1, the sex ratio of the patients was 1.18 (male: female). The patients were divided into three age groups: children (6-12 years), adolescents (13-18 years), and young adults (19-35 years). Our data indicated a lower detection rate of mandibular ST in children compared to that in adolescents and young adults. Majority of cases occurred in the permanent dentition stage. ST could occur as a single or multiple teeth, with approximately half of the patients having one ST.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 1: Epidemiological data of 85 patients with ST in the mandibular region.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge(year)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6-12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13-18\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19-35\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(17.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39(45.89)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31(36.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46(54.12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39(45.89)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDentition\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMixed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePermanent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(8.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78(91.76)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSide\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeft\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRight\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBilateral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44(51.76)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25(29.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(18.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19(22.35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31(36.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35(41.18)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eLocation and morphological characteristics of ST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table 2, 54.25% of ST were located in the right mandible, while 45.75% were located in the left mandible. ST distribution was the highest in the parapremolar region, compared with the other regions (paracanine, paramolar, and paraincisor). In the coronal plane, the ST was mostly located on the lingual side. The orientation of the tooth crown was classified into five categories: normal (66.67%), inclined (22.22%), horizontal (8.5%), inverted (1.97%), and undefined (0.65%). Additionally, 88.88% of ST were impacted.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe supplemental type was the most common morphology of the mandibular ST, followed by tuberculate, conical, and odontoma. In 85.62% of the cases, the roots of the ST were incompletely developed, and few had root dilaceration.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e49.02% of the ST were associated with complications, categorized as 1): reversible complications, which could be restored to normal through orthodontic and surgical treatment, such as impaction or malposition of adjacent teeth, diastema, crowding, and cystic lesions; or 2): irreversible complications, including root dilaceration and root resorption of adjacent teeth, and hypodontia.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 2\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe characteristics of 153\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 180px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 19px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 166px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNumber (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSide\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeft\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRight\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 166px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70(45.75)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83(54.25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 189px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistribution\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLocalization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEruption status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrientation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMorphology\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDevelopmental stage\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDilaceration\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eof supernumerary tooth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComplications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReversible complications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIrreversible complications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 161px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParaincisor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParacanine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParapremolar\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParamolar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLabial/buccal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLingual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian/within arch\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImpacted\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eErupted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInclined\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInverted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUndefined\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSupplemental\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConical\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTuberculate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOdontoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR3/4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR1/2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eR1/4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBefore Crc\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsymptomatic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDilaceration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCystic lesion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRoot resorption\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImpaction\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMalposition\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCrowding\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHypodontia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCombination\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 38px;\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 166px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(4.58)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33(21.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e105(68.63)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(5.22)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(4.58)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142(92.81)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(2.61)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e136(88.88)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17(11.11)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102(66.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34(22.22)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(8.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(1.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e116(75.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(10.46)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18(11.76)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(1.97)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22(14.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27(17.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10(6.54)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21(13.74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(5.23)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31(20.26)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34(22.22)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(4.58)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e146(95.42)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78(50.98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35(22.88)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(3.27)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(1.96)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9(5.88)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(3.27)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9(5.88)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(5.23)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31(41.33%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44(58.67%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eReasons for presentation and surgical approach\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table 3, a large percentage of ST were discovered through radiographic examination, including 40% found during orthodontic imaging and 35.29% during other diagnostic imaging (such as examinations during endodontic treatment and pre-implant assessment); those detected by oral examinations accounted for 14.12%; and 9 of 85 patients presented with symptoms including food impaction, gingival swelling, or occlusal discomfort.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLocal anesthesia was used in 97.39% of the cases, with only two cases requiring general anesthesia. Conventional extraction techniques were employed for 94.12% of the ST (144/153), whereas nine ST were removed using computer-navigated precision positioning. Surgical approaches included buccal (77.78%), lingual (8.50%), combined buccal-lingual (1.31%), and unspecified (12.42 %) approaches.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 3: Reasons for presentation and surgical approach.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"560\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60.8779%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39.1221%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePatients or number (%)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 60.8779%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReasons (Patients)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrthodontic screening examinations\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImaging findings\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOral examination\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiscomfort\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSurgical approach (Number)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLingual approach\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBuccal approach\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCombination\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNot mentioned\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAdditional treatment (Number)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComputer navigation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConventional\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMode of anesthesia (Number)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; General anesthesia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp; Local anesthesia\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 39.1221%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34(40.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30(35.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(14.12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9(10.59)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119(77.78)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(8.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(1.31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19(12.42)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9(5.88)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e144(94.12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(2.61)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149(97.39)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalysis of mandibular ST by age group\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table 4, mandibular ST showed age-related characteristics, with a peak detection in adolescents (50.33%). All cases in the children group presented with impacted ST, and the eruption rates increased with age. Regarding the crown orientation, the inclination of the tooth crown was lowest in the children\u0026apos;s group (3.85%), followed by the adolescent group (20.78%), and highest in the young adult group (34.00%). Supplemental ST predominated in children (80.77%) and adolescents (87.01%), but decreased in young adults (58%), with corresponding increases in conical and tuberculate types. Reversible complications occurred at a higher frequency in children (42.31%), whereas irreversible complications were most commonly observed in adolescents (38.96%).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 4: Analysis of age groups characteristics of ST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalysis of eruption status and distribution area of ST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table 5, there were statistically significant differences in the eruption status of the ST in different distribution areas. Statistical analysis indicated no significant differences (p\u0026gt;0.05) between the erupted and impacted ST in terms of anatomical distribution, spatial orientation, morphology, or complication rates. Inverted ST occurred exclusively in the anterior regions, whereas normally oriented ST showed a posteriorly increasing prevalence of 57.14% (paraincisor), 60.61% (paracanine), 66.67% (parapremolar), and 100% (paramolar).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 5: Analysis of the eruption status and distribution area of ST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"624\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImpacted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eErupted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParaincisor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParacanine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParapremolar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParamolar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=136\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=17\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=33\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=105\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eN=8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistribution\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLocalization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrientation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMorphology\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eComplications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParaincisor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParacanine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParapremolar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParamolar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLabial/buccal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLingual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInclined\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInverted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUndefined\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSupplemental\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConical\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTuberculate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOdontoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAsymptomatic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReversible complications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIrreversible complications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(2.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33(24.26)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e94(69.12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(3.68)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(5.15)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e125(91.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(2.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e89(65.44)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30(22.06)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(9.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(2.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104(76.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14(10.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(11.03)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(2.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69(50.74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24(17.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(31.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(17.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(70.59)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(11.76)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(76.47)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(23.53)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(70.59)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(11.76)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(17.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9(52.94)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(29.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(17.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.003\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.745\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.715\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.379\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(14.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(85.71)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(57.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(28.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(14.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(42.86)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(14.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(28.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(14.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(14.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(85.71)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.00\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(3.03)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30(90.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(6.06)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20(60.61)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(24.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(9.09)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(6.06)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27(81.82)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(9.09)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(9.09)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18(54.55)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(21.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(24.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 66px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(4.76)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e98(93.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(1.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70(66.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26(24.76)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(7.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.95)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e83(79.05)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10(9.52)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10(9.52)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(1.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53(50.48)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(15.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36(34.29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 57px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(100.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(100.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(50.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(25.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(25.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(75.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(25.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 44px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e----\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.486\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.062\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 3px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAnalysis of complications of ST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs shown in Table 5, the incisors had the highest reversible complication rate, whereas the molars had the lowest overall complication rate (all irreversible). The canine and premolar regions exhibited no clinical impact in 54.55% and 50.48% of the cases, respectively, with irreversible complications slightly outweighing reversible complications when present.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs detailed in Table 6, the major complications included root dilaceration of the adjacent teeth, root resorption of the adjacent teeth, cyst formation (80% in the premolar region, 60% supplemental-type), and impaction of the adjacent teeth. Normally oriented and inclined tooth crowns could lead to cyst formation; however, cyst formation showed no preference for laterality (p\u0026gt;0.05). Region-specific analysis revealed that root resorption predominantly occurred in the molar region. Root dilaceration of adjacent teeth was the most frequently observed mandibular ST complication, showing a particular association with supplemental-type ST in the premolar/canine regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 6: Analysis of the complications of ST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"586\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCystic lesion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRoot resorption of adjacent tooth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes=5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo=148\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes=3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo=150\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSide\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLocalization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrientation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMorphology\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistribution\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeft\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRight\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLabial/buccal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLingual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInclined\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInverted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUndefined\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSupplemental\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConical\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTuberculate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOdontoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParaincisor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParacanine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParapremolar\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParamolar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(20.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(80.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(80.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(20.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(40.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(40.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(20.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(60.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(20.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(20.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(80.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69(46.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e79(52.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(4.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138(93.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(2.03)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e100(67.57)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32(21.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(8.78)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(2.03)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e114(77.03)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(10.14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17(11.49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(1.35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(4.73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32(21.62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101(68.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(5.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.240\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.036\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.020\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(33.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(66.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(100)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(66.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(33.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(33.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(66.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69(46.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e81(54.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(4.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e139(92.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(2.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99(66.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34(22.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13(8.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(2.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e115(76.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(10.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17(11.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(2.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(4.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e33(22.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e104(69.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(4.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.564\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.701\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.358\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"586\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eImpaction of adjacent tooth\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDilaceration\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eP-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes=12\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo=141\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes=42\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo=111\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSide\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLocalization\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrientation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMorphology\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDistribution\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLeft\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRight\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLabial/buccal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLingual\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedian\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNormal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInclined\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHorizontal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInverted\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUndefined\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSupplemental\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eConical\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTuberculate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOdontoma\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParancisor\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParacanine\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParapremolar\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eParamolar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 85px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(58.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(41.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(33.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(66.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(58.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(16.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(25.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9(75.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(16.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(8.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(8.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(35.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(66.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e63(44.68)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78(55.32)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(2.13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134(95.04)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(2.84)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e95(67.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32(22.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10(7.09)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(2.13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e108(76.60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(11.35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(10.64)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(1.42)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6(4.26)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30(21.28)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e97(68.79)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(5.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.362\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.296\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.762\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 94px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(38.10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26(61.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2(4.76)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40(95.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30(71.43)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11(26.19)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(2.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40(95.24)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(2.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(2.38)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(16.67)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35(83.33)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0(0.00)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 76px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54(48.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57(51.35)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5(4.50)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e102(91.89)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(3.60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72(64.86)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23(20.72)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(10.81)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(2.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1(0.90)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77(69.37)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15(13.51)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(14.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3(2.70)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7(6.31)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26(23.42)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e70(63.06)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(7.21)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 47px;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.242\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.460\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.323\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThird dentition and LDST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAccording to the established diagnostic criteria for third dentition ST [6], 92 of the 153 mandibular ST in our study were derived from the third dentition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDevelopmental staging of 153 mandibular ST using Haavikko\u0026apos;s method (Table7) showed that 85.62% of the STs displayed incomplete development, with crown completion being the most frequently observed stage. The application of the established late-developing ST criteria [14] identified 143 LDST cases, of which 86 originated from the third dentition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable 7\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eThe developmental stages of ST\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg 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\"\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eMandibular ST exhibits a high complication rate, often causing irreversible damage to adjacent teeth and dental arch integrity. However, previous research has predominantly focused on maxillary ST, with limited studies focusing on mandibular ST. Ma et al. investigated the prevalence of mandibular ST in Chinese children and adolescents and reported an incidence rate of 4.23% [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e], whereas Jiang et al. observed a significantly higher rate of 13.82% in adults [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Nevertheless, both studies predominantly investigated the characteristics of ST in the complete dentition. Our study systematically analyzed the etiology, epidemiology, and clinical and CBCT radiographic characteristics of mandibular ST in different age groups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRecently, the third dentition has gained increasing attention in dental research. Current evidence suggests that ST may originate from rescued remnants of the degenerating third dentition [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]. Kiso et al. suggested that the third dentition was the primary etiological source of ST formation in the mandibular premolar region [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, more than half of the mandibular ST originated from the third dentition, corroborating Kiso et al.'s findings and further supporting the third dentition as the primary etiological source of mandibular ST. Notably, most ST cases in our study were classified as LDST, among which many originate from third dentition. These results align with those of Li et al. and confirm a significant association between LDST and the third dentition [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. Previous studies have shown that tooth formation can be induced through specific molecular manipulations. Kiso et al. proposed that targeted molecular therapy could activate the third dentition tooth germs for complete tooth regeneration [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. Congenital anodontia of the mandible is relatively common [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e], particularly in the case of mandibular second premolars, and represents a promising therapeutic strategy for congenital anodontia patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn our study, mandibular ST had a higher detection rate in the permanent dentition, with the majority of cases concentrated in patients aged 13\u0026ndash;35 years. This age distribution pattern may be attributed to the over-representation of orthodontic patients in this age group within our sample. Previous reports indicate that mandibular ST located in the premolars develop 7\u0026ndash;10 years later than their normal counterparts, with radiographic visibility typically achieved only after the age of nine [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. This developmental delay likely accounts for the universal impaction observed in the children in our study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe prevalence of ST shows ethnic variation, with higher incidence rates observed in Chinese (2.6%) than in Turkish (0.76%) and Italian (0.18%) populations[\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR20\" citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e]. Current evidence suggests that premolar ST show higher prevalence among non-Caucasian populations, with the majority of reported cases of premolar ST occur in patients of Eastern or African descent[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. Consistent with the sex distribution of ST in the complete dentition [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e], mandibular ST demonstrated a male predominance in our study. This finding likely reflects the combined effects of genetic and environmental factors. The current evidence suggests that ST are associated with autosomal recessive inheritance patterns [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e]. Among the mandibular ST in our study, most were in the premolar area, with fewer in the incisor and molar areas, consistent with previous epidemiological reports[\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study exclusively enrolled non-syndromic patients; the ratio of single to multiple ST approached 1:1. Previous studies indicated that multiple non-syndromic ST predominantly localize to the mandibular premolar region [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e], with bilateral occurrence observed in 41.18% of cases. Therefore, in patients with mandibular ST, the detection of one supernumerary lesion should prompt a thorough examination for additional ST, including both ipsilateral and contralateral locations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eST may remain asymptomatic or induce various complications [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e]. A study by Xiaoqing et al. revealed a complication rate of 26.70% for ST in the complete dentition [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, mandibular ST showed a significantly higher complication rate, with the majority of complications being irreversible, including root dilaceration and resorption of the adjacent teeth. Jiang et al. reported that ST associated with adjacent tooth root resorption was predominantly of the supplemental type and mainly exhibited an inclined orientation [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. Similarly, our study found that the mandibular ST were predominantly of the supplemental type, with orientations that were mainly normal and inclined. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between root resorption and ST morphology, which may be attributed to the relatively small sample size. Our study indicated that cysts associated with ST predominantly occurred in the mandibular premolar region, which aligns with previous reports suggesting that mandibular ST in premolars exhibits a significant propensity for cystogenesis and pathological alterations [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR28\" citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. Regarding the distribution characteristics of root resorption, current evidence indicates that root resorption associated with ST predominantly occur in the mandible [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e]. Jiang et al. and Mossaz et al. observed that root resorption most frequently occurred in the premolar region [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e]. However, the present study identified the molar region as the primary site of root resorption. Notably, all cases of root resorption in our series were caused by the supplemental-type premolars. These molar-positioned supernumerary premolars are classified as transposed premolars, likely originating from the premolar dental lamina before the aberrant migration to molar positions during odontogenesis [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge-stratified analysis revealed that reversible complications predominated in children, whereas adolescents exhibited the highest rate of irreversible complications. Therefore, early surgical removal of mandibular ST may significantly reduce the risk of irreversible complications. Our study found that the majority of ST were impacted, asymptomatic, and detectable only through radiographic examination. However, it is particularly noteworthy that mandibular ST, once present, are associated with a high complication rate with significant consequences, necessitating heightened clinical vigilance. Given the delayed developmental pattern characteristic of the mandibular ST, we recommend periodic radiographic follow-up examinations to facilitate the early detection of numerical dental anomalies, thereby minimizing irreversible damage to the adjacent teeth and the overall dentition.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe management of ST remains controversial, particularly regarding the timing and indications for extraction. Current evidence advocates for personalized treatment plans based on case-specific characteristics [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e], with key determinants including patient age, ST position in jawbone, and complication status [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR32\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e]. Special consideration is required for mandibular posterior ST owing to their anatomical complexity and surgical challenges. For supplemental ST with lingual inclination and impaction in the mandibular premolar region, early extraction is recommended because delayed management may result in irreversible complications. For orthodontic patients, ST identified before or during treatment should be extracted to prevent interference with tooth movement. When detected post-treatment, asymptomatic ST showing no evidence of no occlusal interference or adverse effects on treatment outcomes may be managed through periodic radiographic surveillance and clinical monitoring [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough a primary surgical method for ST, the complex lingual anatomy of the mandible poses significant technical challenges [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e30\u003c/span\u003e]. Recent advances in digital dentistry, including surgical guides, endoscopic systems, and real-time navigation technologies [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR34 CR35 CR36\" citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR37\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e37\u003c/span\u003e] have been successfully implemented in third molar extractions [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e35\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR38\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e38\u003c/span\u003e], and are now being adapted for mandibular ST [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e39\u003c/span\u003e]. In our study, nine ST were extracted after accurate positioning using a computer navigation system. This technology offers significant advantages such as real-time dynamic tracking for positional accuracy, minimal tissue trauma, protection of adjacent teeth and neurovascular structures, reduced operative time, and enhanced patient comfort, suggesting its potential for broader clinical adoption.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn summary, this study provides a detailed and comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of mandibular ST, enabling personalized treatment planning and optimization of therapeutic outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eST\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSupernumerary Teeth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCBCT\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCone-beam Computed Tomography\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eLDST\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLate-developing Supernumerary Teeth\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University (Ethics ID: xjkqll [2021]-10). The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Ethics Committee of the Stomatology Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University in view of the retrospective nature of the study.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding:\u003c/strong\u003e This study was funded by China Scholarship Council (grant number 202406280111), Research Program of Science and Technology in Xi’an (grant number 24YXYJ0129).\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eZhou Zhang and Jing Gong performed systematic image data curation (including acquisition, organization, analysis, and statistical processing) and original draft preparation. Tingyi Wu contributed to data analysis and revision of the draft. Yuanting Liu and Yutong Cheng conducted retrieval of radiographic and medical record data from the institutional PACS. Fei Liu provided senior supervision throughout the study design and participated in critical discussions for methodological validation. Jun-Ichi SASAKI and Satoshi IMAZATO contributed to critical revision of the draft.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgments:\u003c/strong\u003e Thanks to Editage (www.editage.cn) for English language editing.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAnthonappa RP, King NM, Rabie ABM: \u003cstrong\u003eAetiology of supernumerary teeth: a literature review\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEuropean Archives of Paediatric Dentistry\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e2013, \u003cstrong\u003e14\u003c/strong\u003e(5):279-288.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMallineni SK, Jayaraman J, Wong HM, King NM: \u003cstrong\u003eDental development in children with supernumerary teeth in the anterior region of maxilla\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eClinical Oral Investigations\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e2018, \u003cstrong\u003e23\u003c/strong\u003e(7):2987-2994.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eChen K-C, Huang J-S, Chen M-Y, Cheng K-H, Wong T-Y, Huang T-T: \u003cstrong\u003eUnusual Supernumerary Teeth and Treatment Outcomes Analyzed for Developing Improved Diagnosis and Management Plans\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e2019, \u003cstrong\u003e77\u003c/strong\u003e(5):920-931.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMossaz J, Kloukos D, Pandis N, Suter VGA, Katsaros C, Bornstein MM: \u003cstrong\u003eMorphologic characteristics, location, and associated complications of maxillary and mandibular supernumerary teeth as evaluated using cone beam computed tomography\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eEuropean Journal of Orthodontics\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e2014, \u003cstrong\u003e36\u003c/strong\u003e(6):708-718.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eXie Y, Gao H, Xing L, Tang M: \u003cstrong\u003eLate developing supernumerary teeth and congenital absence of the upper right lateral incisor in the maxillary anterior region: a rare case report\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eBMC Oral Health\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e2025, \u003cstrong\u003e25\u003c/strong\u003e(1).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKiso H, Takahashi K, Mishima S, Murashima-Suginami A, Kakeno A, Yamazaki T, Asai K, Tokita Y, Uozumi R, Sugai M\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;et al\u003c/em\u003e: \u003cstrong\u003eThird Dentition Is the Main Cause of Premolar Supernumerary Tooth Formation\u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cem\u003eJournal of Dental Research\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e2019, \u003cstrong\u003e98\u003c/strong\u003e(9):968-974.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTakahashi K, Kiso H, Saito K, Togo Y, Tsukamoto H, Huang B, Bessho K: \u003cstrong\u003eFeasibility of Gene Therapy for Tooth Regeneration by Stimulation of a Third Dentition\u003c/strong\u003e. 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All relevant data, including etiology, epidemiological features, and clinical/radiographic characteristics, were recorded and statistically analyzed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults\u003c/strong\u003e: A total of 85 patients with 153 mandibular ST were included with a male-to-female ratio of 1.18:1. A total of 91.76% of cases occurred in the permanent dentition, with the age group concentrated between 13 and 35 years. The mandibular ST predominantly exhibited a supplemental morphology (75.82%), with the majority displaying incomplete root development (85.62%) and a preference for the premolar region. Complications were observed in 49.02% of cases, most of which were irreversible (such as root dilaceration and absorption of the roots of adjacent teeth). Most of the mandibular ST (93.46%) were classified as Late Developing Supernumerary Teeth (93.46%), originating from the third dentition.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions:\u003c/strong\u003eMandibular ST in non-syndromic patients typically presents as single, supplemental, lingually vertically impacted, located in the premolar region, and is associated with a variety of complications. The third dentition is the main cause of mandibular ST.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical Relevance:\u003c/strong\u003e These results are beneficial for a more detailed and comprehensive understanding of the characteristics of mandibular ST, enabling personalized treatment planning and optimized therapeutic outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Etiology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Radiographic Characteristics of 153 Mandibular Supernumerary Teeth in Chinese Non-Syndromic Populations","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-24 06:39:48","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6782256/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2026-01-30T03:25:01+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"180587170332839588641944006782516036976","date":"2026-01-27T15:35:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-10-01T17:45:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"99775651001040089125653915813096554537","date":"2025-09-24T11:43:37+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-07-09T12:08:40+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"115619002780562563976970096377301238542","date":"2025-06-29T08:11:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-06-19T05:44:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-06-19T04:39:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-06-05T04:21:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-06-05T02:30:04+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Oral Health","date":"2025-06-05T02:27:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-oral-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ohea","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Oral Health](http://bmcoralhealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ohea/default.aspx","title":"BMC Oral Health","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"dd042c50-2aa1-4807-afa8-e8e5bbb01d7d","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 24th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-06-24T06:39:48+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-24 06:39:48","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6782256","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6782256","identity":"rs-6782256","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}