Evaluation of ecological risk, source and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey

Evaluation of ecological risk, source and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Evaluation of ecological risk, source and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey Aylin Apaydın, Hatice Kabaoğlu, Gökhan Apaydın, Murat Şirin, Erhan Cengiz, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-320256/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Aug, 2021 Read the published version in Environmental Science and Pollution Research → Version 1 posted 6 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract In the present study, the concentration levels of heavy metals such as Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb in sediment samples collected from 16 sampling locations in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea regions, Turkey was measured using energy dispersive X–ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXRF). Various pollution parameters and methods, such as the enrichment factor (EF), geo–accumulation index (I geo ), contamination factor (CF), pollution load index (PLI), ecological risk index (RI), and geo–spatial distribution patterns were used to assess in detail the pollution status, ecological risks and sources of metals in sediment. The mean concentrations of Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cr and Pb were found to be 565.38, 46,000, 34.38, 104.06, 109.88, 87.31, and 32.31 mg/kg, respectively. Results showed that the mean concentrations of Cu, Zn and Pb exceeded the crustal shale value, with the exception of Mn, Fe, Ni and Cr. According to the calculated pollution parameters, although minimal or moderate pollution was detected in the area investigated, it was determined that there was a very low ecological risk. Multivariate statistical analysis results showed that Cu, Zn, and Pb levels in the investigated region were slightly influenced by anthropogenic inputs such as mining and agricultural practices. In addition, the geo–spatial distributions of Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb were found to be higher in this region due to the mining activities carried out in the Eastern Black Sea region. Environmental Policy Marine and Freshwater Ecology Middle and Eastern Black Sea Sediment EDXRF Pollution indices Ecologic risk Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Full Text Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 31 Aug, 2021 Read the published version in Environmental Science and Pollution Research → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Minor Revision 17 Jul, 2021 Reviews received at journal 09 May, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Apr, 2021 Editor invited by journal 24 Mar, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 14 Mar, 2021 First submitted to journal 10 Mar, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-320256","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":19916740,"identity":"fb41be14-b34e-49fb-b09b-de28ccc8216b","order_by":0,"name":"Aylin Apaydın","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Republic of Turkey Ministry of National Education: Turkiye Cumhuriyeti Milli Egitim Bakanligi","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Aylin","middleName":"","lastName":"Apaydın","suffix":""},{"id":19916741,"identity":"c83089d1-c8b1-4385-80ed-8426ef11d8e3","order_by":1,"name":"Hatice Kabaoğlu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Gazi University: Gazi Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hatice","middleName":"","lastName":"Kabaoğlu","suffix":""},{"id":19916742,"identity":"cfae2721-4650-4e31-b762-87b6f22b65ca","order_by":2,"name":"Gökhan Apaydın","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYNACNgkGfh4wi5kELZI9zFAtbMRpYWAwOEOsFnn3swc/85RZ5BmfOX9MgqHCOrFBvvcBXi2GZ/KSpXnOSRSbnW0GOu9MemIDG7sBfi0NOQbSvG0SidvOM7NJMLYdBmoh4DLD/jfGv0FaNveDtPwjQou8RI4Z2JYNvECHMTYQocVA4l2a5ZxzEokzzhw2tkg4lm7cxpZGwJb+3MM33pTVJfb3JD688aHGWraf+RgBWw7wMDDxwHgJDETEpHwDDwPjD0KqRsEoGAWjYGQDAHf8PmipdRMaAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Karadeniz Technical University: Karadeniz Teknik Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Gökhan","middleName":"","lastName":"Apaydın","suffix":""},{"id":19916743,"identity":"c290c15a-07ba-432d-ad58-319cef9368b7","order_by":3,"name":"Murat Şirin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Recep Tayyip Erdo?an Üniversitesi - Milli Piyango Egitim Kampusu: Recep Tayyip Erdogan Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Murat","middleName":"","lastName":"Şirin","suffix":""},{"id":19916744,"identity":"83771021-c001-42e7-b3da-be3b8012207b","order_by":4,"name":"Erhan Cengiz","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Üniversitesi: Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Erhan","middleName":"","lastName":"Cengiz","suffix":""},{"id":19916745,"identity":"37ac7389-721f-4a32-b775-ce2a30946887","order_by":5,"name":"Oğuz Kağan Köksal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Adıyaman Üniversitesi: Adiyaman Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Oğuz","middleName":"Kağan","lastName":"Köksal","suffix":""},{"id":19916746,"identity":"dc0e2b2f-23d2-4620-9128-92263da43d0d","order_by":6,"name":"Hasan Baltaş","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University: Recep Tayyip Erdogan Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hasan","middleName":"","lastName":"Baltaş","suffix":""},{"id":19916747,"identity":"95c81ba6-25c1-4751-ba54-0b8880f6d848","order_by":7,"name":"Engin Tıraşoğlu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Karadeniz Technical University: Karadeniz Teknik Universitesi","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Engin","middleName":"","lastName":"Tıraşoğlu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-03-12 09:54:08","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-320256/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-320256/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16017-4","type":"published","date":"2021-08-31T09:14:23+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":7718146,"identity":"0f387f8d-3b85-41e7-85ea-be290869dd7f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-06 16:18:04","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":929921,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Map of the study area. 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In addition, the geo\u0026ndash;spatial distributions of Cu, Zn, Fe and Pb were found to be higher in this region due to the mining activities carried out in the Eastern Black Sea region.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Evaluation of ecological risk, source and spatial distribution of some heavy metals in marine sediments in the Middle and Eastern Black Sea region, Turkey","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-04-06 16:15:03","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-320256/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor Revision","date":"2021-07-17T05:14:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-05-10T02:36:00+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-04-04T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","date":"2021-03-25T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","date":"2021-03-11T04:07:50+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"environmental-science-and-pollution-research","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"espr","sideBox":"Learn more about [Environmental Science and Pollution Research](https://www.springer.com/journal/11356)","snPcode":"11356","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11356/3","title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3a7d3ad1-ffe0-420c-acb8-4ab5b2eeb74f","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 6th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":3452213,"name":"Environmental Policy"},{"id":3452214,"name":"Marine and Freshwater Ecology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-01-17T09:14:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-320256","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16017-4","journal":{"identity":"environmental-science-and-pollution-research","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Environmental Science and Pollution Research"},"publishedOn":"2021-08-31 09:14:23","publishedOnDateReadable":"August 31st, 2021"},"versionCreatedAt":"2021-04-06 16:15:03","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s11356-021-16017-4","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16017-4","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-320256","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-320256","identity":"rs-320256","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"cBFmMYwuxLRRLfASyISRj","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}