Advancing Cell Immunotherapy for Autoimmune Diseases: CAR-T and CAR-Treg Therapies

Autoimmune diseases, characterized by chronic immune-mediated tissue damage, pose significant therapeutic challenges due to their complexity and limited long-term solutions. Recent advancements in cell immunotherapy, particularly CAR-T cells and CAR-Treg therapies, present groundbreaking avenues to directly modulate immune dysfunction. This review examines the mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and ongoing developments in these innovative strategies, detailing how CAR-T cells target autoreactive immune components and CAR-Tregs reestablish immune homeostasis. By addressing critical challenges such as safety, scalability, and clinical integration, this work highlights the potential of these therapies to redefine the landscape of autoimmune disease management.