Analysis of Intracell Spectrum Handoff under General Traffic Parameters Distribution in Cognitive Radio Networks

Abstract Cognitive Radio (CR) technology solves the spectrum scarcity and spectrum shortcoming issues through dynamic spectrum access with a central point of contention spectrum handoff (SHO). SHO is an essential operation of secondary users (SUs) which is accountable for seamless and reliable services to ensuring better performance of a CR network. In this paper, we analyse the performance of intracell SHO of a non-stationary SU under various traffic parameters distribution in CR networks. We model the analytical formula of probability of intracell SHO and expected number of SHO of an SU in both source cell and destination cell considering lognormal service time distribution and Erlang-3, 23 residual time distribution of spectrum holes in a CR network. This paper also investigates the effect of departure rates of spectrum holes (λ), SUs (µ), and cell crossing rate (η) of SUs on probability of intracell SHO and expected number of SHO in a CR network. The proposed model with lognormal service time distribution and erlang-3, 23 residual time distribution offers higher probability of no intracell SHO and lower probabilities of intracell SHO (1st, 2nd, 3rd, and so on) and therefore, provides fewer number of expected number of SHO under the impact of λ, µ, and η.