Revisiting Plaza Scale and Human Comfort: A Virtual Reality-Based Psychophysiological Analysis

Revisiting Plaza Scale and Human Comfort: A Virtual Reality-Based Psychophysiological Analysis | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Revisiting Plaza Scale and Human Comfort: A Virtual Reality-Based Psychophysiological Analysis Wen Lu, Jian Zhang, Ning Li This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7856172/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Plaza scale significantly influences human comfort, yet traditional urban design guidelines often adopt fixed L/H (length/height) ratios without empirical valida- tion. This study investigates how different L/H ratios affect human comfort using Virtual Reality and psychophysiological measurements, including Electroen- cephalogram (EEG), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), and Photoplethysmography (PPG). A total of 26 plaza configurations with varying building heights (3-100m) were tested on 42 participants. Results indicate that the optimal L/H ratio is not fixed but decreases from 3:1 to 1.9:1 as building height increases. EEG and GSR data reveal significant correlations between spatial perception and physiologi- cal responses, challenging conventional urban design assumptions. Findings offer evidence-based insights for refining public plaza dimensions to enhance comfort and usability. This research bridges urban design and human-centered metrics, providing a data-driven framework for future public space planning. Plaza Scale Urban Comfort Virtual Reality Spatial Perception Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7856172","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":529485076,"identity":"e3262018-ca4b-48ff-abc0-c837b8783fb9","order_by":0,"name":"Wen Lu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Beijing University of Technology","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wen","middleName":"","lastName":"Lu","suffix":""},{"id":529485077,"identity":"d86f5b4f-9d08-4c47-935e-d55e59c6714d","order_by":1,"name":"Jian Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Beijing University of 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