Epsilon Near Zero (ENZ) Based Kagome Photonic Crystal Fiber for Low Loss, High Birefringence and Near Zero Flat Dispersion in THz Regime

Abstract In this research, we have proposed two novel types of Kagome PCFs one is slotted core PCF (S-KPCF) and another one is circular PCF (C-KPCF). FEM has been applied with boundary condition to investigate the optical properties of Proposed PCFs. HRS material along with Epsilon Near Zero (ENZ) material has been applied in core and TOPAS was used as background material. Numerical investigation takes place a wider frequency range for 0.8 THz to 2 THz. Slotted core PCF (S-KPCF) shows eminent birefringence of 2.98×10− 2, Lower EML of 0.232 cm− 1, lower confinement loss of 2.76×10− 8, Bending loss 10.76×10− 9, Total loss of 0.232cm− 1 at frequency 1THz. Besides circular core PCF (C-KPCF) shows eminent birefringence of 8.69×10− 2, Lower effective material loss of 0.746 cm− 1, lower confinement loss of 2.80×10− 7, Bending loss 7.76×10− 9, Total loss of 0.746cm− 1 at 1THz. Both PCFs show flat dispersion near zero (for S-KPCF is -0.997ps/nm/Km and for C-KPCF is -0.797ps/nm/Km) range. V-Parameter of both of the PCF indicates that both PCF is multimode PCF. Comparison of the proposed PCFs shows that C-KPCF shows better results than S-KPCF and both PCFs shows better results than previous PCFs.