Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Diabetes Mellitus Tmong Chiro Town Population, Eastern Ethiopia

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It can play the vital role in the cause of morbidity and mortality through continued clinical consequence and mortality. Therefore good knowledge of diabetes mellitus prevention and management is necessary in promoting care and enhancing good therapeutic outcomes. Objective: To assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors among general population regarding diabetes mellitus in Chiro town, Estern Ethiopia, august 01 to October 30, 2023. Methods: Cross-sectional study design was conducted on 764 subjects from Augeust 01 to December 30, 2023. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic information of the study participants. Data was enterd into Statstical Package for social science , checked for completeness and analyzed. The characteristics of the study population were summarized using descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage. Result: The study revealed that 98% of respondents had heard of diabetes, with 80% correctly identifying it as a condition of high blood sugar and 25% recognizing inadequate insulin action as a characteristic. Additionally, 65.57% demonstrated good knowledge of diabetes, 60% had a positive attitude towards diabetes management, and 35.4% reported good practices. Despite these insights, misconceptions persisted, such as 25% believing diabetes is caused by a curse. Regular exercise and non-smoking were common positive practices, but only 10.4% regularly checked their blood sugar levels. Conclusion and recommendation: This study highlights high diabetes awareness (98%) but incomplete understanding, with only 25% recognizing inadequate insulin action. Mixed perceptions about diabetes management and significant gaps in prevention practices underscore the need for targeted educational programs, emphasizing the treatability of diabetes, regular monitoring, and healthier lifestyle choices. Enhanced awareness of comprehensive diabetes care, including proper medication use and physical activity, is crucial. Knowledge Attitude Practice Diabetes mellitus Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiological factors characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism which resulted from either insufficient insulin secretion, resistance to the action of Insulin or both (Balaji et al., 2019 ).The two major types of DM are Type 1 (insulin dependent) DM and Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) DM, responsible for 90% of the disease prevalence (Ibrahim and Mohamedahmed, 2022 ).Type 1 DM (T1DM) is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of beta cells, which leads to absolute insulin deficiency and dependence on insulin injections for survival (Huang et al., 2023 ). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the furthermost common form of DM which is identified via hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative insulin deficiency (Abbas et al., 2020). It can be controlled through healthy diet, physical activity, losing excess weight, and oral medication (Magkos et al., 2020 ). Gestational DM occurs only during pregnancy and is a risk factor for T2DM after pregnancy (Kjos and Buchanan, 1999 ). The above types are by far the most frequent forms, but other specific types exist that are much less common (Tuomi et al., 2014 ). Most persons with diabetes in developing countries are between 45 to 64 years of age, which is a significant segment of the productive age range. In addition to this reduced productivity and declining economic growth, the disease leads to high economic burden in terms of healthcare expenditure (da Rocha Fernandes et al., 2016 ). Globally, 537 million adults (20–79 years) are living with diabetes in 2021. This number is predicted to rise to 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045 that is almost double of the 7 diabetic population today. Over 3 in 4 adults with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries(Sun et al., 2022 , Asif and Batool, 2020 ). This indicates diabetes mellitus is a major and growing public health problem. The African region is expected to experience the highest increase in coming years with estimated increase in prevalence rates of 98% for Sub-Saharan Africa. According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 2017 report in Ethiopia 2.6 million DM cases in the country. Ethiopia as one of the developing countries has been showing changes that shift the lifestyle of the people towards urbanization, dietary changes, and reduced physical activity, particularly in recent decades. These rapid changes have led to the emergence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes mellitus (Cho et al., 2005).Which can play the vital role in the cause of morbidity and mortality through continued clinical consequence. People living with diabetes may have to deal with short-term or long-term complications as a result of their condition (Saravanan et al., 2020 ). Effective approaches are available to prevent these complications and premature death that can result from all types of diabetes (Guariguata et al., 2014 ). knowledge and practice across whole populations and within specific settings (school, home, workplace) that contribute to good health for everyone, regardless of whether they have diabetes, such as exercising regularly, eating healthily, avoiding smoking, and controlling blood pressure (Reza et al., 2014 , WHO, 2016 ). In addition, information against diabetes mellitus can help people assess their risk of diabetes, motivate them to seek proper treatment and care, and inspire them to take charge of their disease for their lifetime (Moodley and Rambiritch, 2007 ). The 80% of all diabetes cases will occur in the low and middle socioeconomic classes where knowledge about diabetes is poor (Guariguata et al., 2014 ). Studies regarding the knowledge, attitude and practice towards DM has been conducted in some parts of Ethiopia. KAP regarding diabetes are the principal markers of awareness, that vary greatly depending on socio economic conditions, cultural beliefs and habits which need to be studied in various population groups in specific racial and cultural contexts (Fatema et al., 2017 ). As a result, to the knowledge of the researchers no study was conducted in estern Ethiopia in general and chiro town in particular. Therefore this study aim to assess the KAP towards diabetes mellitus in Chiro town population, eastern Ethiopia. Methodology Study Area and Period The study was conducted in Chiro town of West Hararghe Zone of Eastern Etiopia. Chiro town is located in Oromia region, Eastern Ethiopia, 314 km away from Addis Ababa. Its elevation is 1,825 meter above sea level. According to 2022 Ethiopian census report, there are about 69,793 populations in the town, among these populations, 37,204 male and 32,589 female (CSA, 2022 ) and average temperature of 27°C. currently, the town has one Zonal hospital and two health centers.The study was conducted from august 01 to October 30, 2023. Study Design Cross sectional study was conducted. Source Population All people who live in chiro town. Study Population Those who fulfill the inclusion criteria. Eligibility criteria Inclusion Criteria All people who are voluntary to participate and those who are 18 years and above. Exclusion criteria Those who are involuntary, seriously ill diuring the study period and those who are unable to speak and hear. Variables Dependent variables Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards DM. Independent Variable Age, sex, religion, place of residence, marital status, educational status, occupational status, family income, and family history of DM. Operational Definition Good knowledge:- Answering above the mean of Knowledge Questions. Poor Knowledge:- Answering below the mean of Knowledge Questions. Good Attitude:- Answering above the mean of attitude Questions. Poor attitude:- Answering below the mean of attitude Questions Good practice:- Answering above the mean of practice Questions. Poor practice - Answering below the mean of practice Questions Sample Size determination and Sampling technique Sample Size determination sample size was determined using single population proportion formula. By considering p value, 65.41% prevalence of knowledge about DM, which is obtained from previous study, conducted in Debre Maricos population (Simachew and Temesgen, 2022 ), with 95% CI and margin of error (d) = 5%. After adding of 10% none response rate and multiplying by design effect the final sample size was 382 * 2 = 764 Data Collection procedure An official letter of support was written from Oda Bultum University Research and Community Service Vice President office. Permission to conduct the study was sought from Chiro town Adminstrartion. After written informed consent has been signed, data was collected using structured questionnaire. The questionnaire contains three parts: Socio demographic information, general questions on knowledge, attitude and practice about Diabetes Mellitus and the respondent’s response on knowledge, attitude and practice on Diabetes Mellitus, which were developed from different literatures (Belsti et al., ,2020, Kassahun and Mekonen, 2017 , Shiferaw et al., 2020 , Simachew and Temesgen, 2022 ). The face to face interview was the technique of data collection. Data Analysis and Interpretion Data was checked for completeness and entered to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Data was enterd into EPI Info version 7 checked for completeness and transferred to SPSS (23) for analysis. The characteristics of the study population were summarized using descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage. Data quality control The questionnaire was pre-tested on 5% of the sample size on Hirna town population before the actual study begins to make sure that whether the questionnaire is appropriate and understandable. The collected data was checked daily for consistency and accuracy. The questionnaires was randomly selected for quality control purpose and rechecked. Data collectors were trained and the investigators were also followed up the data collection process. Participants were participated only once and also double data entry was done using Epi-Data. Results Sociodemographic Characterstics The study revealed that a greater portion of the participants were male, comprising 53% of the total sample. The majority of participants fell within the age range of 18 to 78 years (mean 34.26 years, Standard deviation (SD) ± 9.35 years). Most of the participants, 267 (35.4%) were between the age of 25 to 34 years. A significant portion of the respondents reported a monthly income of less than 5000 Birr, accounting for 62.8% of the sample population. Furthermore, the predominant ethnicity among the participants was Oromo, with 54.3% of respondents identifying as such. In terms of education, the majority of participants had completed either elementary or high school, constituting 64% of the sample. Additionally, a notable portion of the respondents were single (18.1%) and identified as Muslim (51.7%). Regarding occupation, self-employment was the most common, with 12.2% of respondents engaged in this type of work. Other prevalent occupations included farming (4.5%) and unemployment (24%) (Table 1 ). Table 1 socio-demographic characteristics of participants Variables Category Frequency Percent (%) Sex Male 443 53% Female 359 47% Age 18–24 years 112 14.6 25–34 years 267 35.4 35–44 years 171 22.4 45–54 years 122 16 > 55 years 66 8.6 Monthly income < 5000 478 62.8 5000 286 37.2 Ethnicity Oromo 415 54.3 Amhara 301 39.5 Others 48 6.2 Educational status Unable to read and write 66 8.6 Elementary/High school 488 64 College/university 210 27.4 Marital status Single 138 18.1 Married 484 57.7 Divorced /Widowed 142 18.5 Religion Orthodox 297 39 Muslim 395 51.7 Protestant 65 8.5 Others 7 0.9 Occupation Self employed 93 12.2 Farmer 34 4.5 Unemployed 183 24 Employed (gov’t/privet) 454 59.4 Knowledge towards DM In this study, the vast majority of respondents (98%) were heared of diabetes. When it comes to understanding diabetes, 80% of respondents correctly identified it as a condition of high blood sugar and 25% of respondents accurately recognized inadequate insulin action as a characteristic of diabetes. Similarly, 71% of respondents associated diabetes with being a non-communicable disease. 92%, 83%, 46%, 42.3%, of respondents identified that DM as being related to one's lifestyle, DM as a chronic disease, insulin is required for diabetic patients and there are several types of diabetes respectively. Surprisingly, 25% of respondents believed that DM was caused by a "curse." On a more positive note, 37.5% of respondents recognized excessive eating as the symptom of having DM and Gangrene in limbs that require surgical removal (43.5%) as major complication of diabetes while 40% recognized obesity as a contributing factor (Table 2 ). Table 2 Knowledge of the participants towards DM knowledge towards DM Frequency (%) Heard of diabetes Yes 749(98) No 15 (2) DM is a condition of high blood sugar Yes 611(80) No 153 (14) I am not sure 31(4) DM is a condition of inadequate insulin action Yes 191 (25) No 153(14) I am not sure 466(61) DM is non-communicable disease 1. Yes 542 (71) 2. No 155(20.3) 3. I am not sure 67(8.7) Insulin is required for diabetic patients 1 Yes 351 (46) 2 No 260(34) 3 I am not sure 153 (20) There are several types of diabetes Yes 323(42.3) 1. No 306(40) 2. I am not sure 135 (17.7) DM is a long term (chronic) disease 1 Yes 634 (83) 2 No 53(7) 3 I am not sure 77(10) DM is related to life style 1. Yes 703(92) 2. No 61(8) 3. I am not sure Risk factor for DM 1 Family History 222(29) Obesity 305(40) 2 Decreased physical activity 46 (6) curse 191(25) The Symptoms of diabetes 1. Excessive feeling of thirst 134 (17.5) 2. Excessive urination 3. 107(14) Excessive eating 283(37.5) 1. Unexplained Weight loss 78(10.2) 2. Slow healing of cuts and wounds 116(15.3) 3. Tiredness and weakness 42(5.5) know complications of diabetes 4. Eye problems 145(19) 5. Kidney problems 122(16) 6. Oral and dental complication 31(4) 1. Loss of sensation in arm and leg 84 (11) 2. Cardiovascular disease 42(5.5) 1. Gangrene in limbs that require surgical removal 332 (43.5) 2. Erectile dysfunction / loss of libido 8(1) The total mean score for correctly answered knowledge questions were 38.52 ± 0.5. Those participants who scored below the mean score were 264 (34.4% which was considered as poor knowledge) and above the mean score were 500 (65.57% which was considered as good knowledge). Attitude towards DM The study explored attitudes toward diabetes mellitus (DM) among participants, revealing diverse opinions. A significant portion (43%) strongly disagreed that DM is treatable, while 22% agreed and 13.5% strongly agreed. Regarding DM's impact on life expectancy, 74% strongly disagreed that it reduces life expectancy, while 8% agreed and 1.5% strongly agreed.For blood pressure control in DM, 32% strongly disagreed, 18% agreed, and 29.5% strongly agreed. Regular exercise was deemed crucial by 60% who strongly agreed, while 20% agreed. Smoking complications were acknowledged by 55% who strongly agreed, and 19.5% agreed. Medication discontinuation was strongly disagreed by 62%, while 14.5% agreed. Initiating insulin worsening DM was strongly disagreed by 67.3%, and 4.2% agreed. Proper diabetes treatment reducing complications was strongly disagreed by 43%, while 21% agreed. Herbal medications were seen as less complicated by 65% who strongly agreed, while 20% agreed. Lipid and blood pressure control necessity was strongly agreed by 55%, and 19.5% agreed (Table 3 ). Table 3 Attitude level of participants towards DM Attitude towards DM Strongy disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree DM Is treatable 329(43) 160(21) 4(0.5) 168(22) 103(13.5) DM reduces life expectancy 565(74) 119(15.5) 8(1) 61(8) 12(1.5) blood pressure controlling is necessary in DM 244(32) 96(12.5) 61(8) 138(18) 225(29.5) regular exercise controls DM 30(3.9) 54(7.1) 69(9) 153(20) 458(60) smoking increase complication of DM 19(2.5) 92(12) 84(11) 149(19.5) 420(55) Medication can be discontinued 65(8.5) 84(11) 30(4) 111(14.5) 474(62) Initiating insulin exacerbates diabetes and its complications. 514(67.3) 158(20.7) 16(2) 32(4.2) 44(5.8) Proper diabetes treatment could reduce the risk of other complications 329(43) 78(10.2) 131(17.1) 160(21) 66(8.7) Herbal medications have less complication than modern medications 38(5) 19(2.5) 57(7.5) 153(20) 497(65) Lipid and blood pressure control is necessary in diabetic patients. 420(55) 149(19.5) 42(5.5) 99(13) 54(7) The mean score of the participant’s practice level was 36 ± 2.3. Those participants who scored below the mean score were 306 (40% which was considered as negative attitude) and above the mean score were 393 (60% which was considered as positive attitude). Practice twards DM The study also examined the practices related to diabetes mellitus (DM) among participants. In this study, the overall mean for the practice related data was 3.5 wih the percentage of good practices was 35.4% and the percentage of bad practices was 64.6%. A significant majority (78.8%) reported not smoking cigarettes. Regarding exercise, 19.3% practiced it regularly, with frequencies of every day (5.5%), once a week (2.6%), twice a week (9.4%), and sometimes (1.8%). Additionally, 27% of respondents actively tried to reduce or maintain their weight, with efforts being made every day (30%), usually (49%), or sometimes (21%). Only 10.4% of participants regularly checked their blood sugar levels. A substantial portion (81%) included vegetables in their diet; however Fruit consumption was lower, with only 30.4%. On the other hand, Alcohol consumption was reported by 36% of respondents, with drinking frequencies of frequently (10.2%), weekly (13.5%), monthly (6.7%), and for holidays only (5.6%). 8.6% of the participants also commonly included meat and fat in their diet (Table 4 ). Table 4 Practice level of respondents towards DM. Practice towards DM Frequency (%) Smoke cigarettes Yes 161(21.2) No 602(78.8) practice exercise Yes 148(19.3) No 616(80.7) If yes on question, how often Every day 42(5.5) Once a week 20(2.6) Twice a week 72(9.4) Sometimes 14(1.8) trying to reduce or maintain weight 1. Yes 206(27) 2. No 558(73) If yes on question 404, Every day 62(30) Usually 101(49) Sometimes 43(21) Check blood sugar regularly Yes 80(10.4) No 684(84.6) includes vegetables in their diet 1 Yes 619(81) 2 No 145(19) includes fruits in their diet 1 Yes 232(30.4) 2 No 532(69.6) drink alcohol Yes 275(36) No 489(64) If yes Frequently 78(10.2) Weekly 103(13.5) Monthly 51(6.7) For holidays only 43(5.6) commonly include meat and fat in their diet Yes 66(8.6) No 698(91.4) The mean score of the participant’s practice level was 35.21 ± 2.9. Those participants who scored below the mean score were 306 (40% which was considered as negative attitude) and above the mean score were 393 (60% which was considered as positive attitude). Discussion In the present study, approximately 62.7% of study participants knew the definition of DM, with 24.3% having good knowledge about risk factors of DM, 16.58% of participants correctly identifying the symptoms of DM, and 83.7% participants correctly identifying the complications of DM.In contrast, our results were higher than those of a study conducted in Kenya 29% and omani 57%, on DM sign/symptom. Similarly, our results were higher than a study conducted at Nigeria (19%) on risk factors (Ndibuagu Edmund et al., 2016 ), the higher levels of knowledge about DM in our study compared to Kenya, Oman, and Nigeria can be attributed to a combination of factors including better healthcare and education systems, effective public health campaigns, greater access to information, and cultural and socioeconomic differences. Understanding these factors can help inform future public health strategies and interventions to improve DM awareness and knowledge in other regions. Regarding the knowledge about the complication of DM, results in this study were also higher than a study conducted at (57.8%) (Ndibuagu Edmund et al., 2016 ). The higher knowledge about DM complications in our study area compared to the 57.8% study can be attributed to factors such as better healthcare infrastructure, effective public health campaigns, greater access to information, and cultural and socioeconomic differences. These insights can help inform targeted public health strategies and interventions to improve awareness and management of DM complications in other regions. The present study, found that 27.8% and 35.4% of the participants had good diabetes-related attitude and practice respectively. This findings were higher than a study carried out in Vadodara, india, that revealed had 23.54% in the attitude questions and 12.80% in practice questions (Rathod et al., 2018 ). The higher levels of good attitude and practice in your study suggest that existing educational and health programs are effective and should be continued and potentially replicated in areas with lower levels. Tailoring educational content to address specific gaps in attitudes and practices can further improve outcomes. Policymakers should use these findings to support the development of initiatives aimed at improving attitudes and practices towards diabetes management in areas with lower levels. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure and provider training can help improve patient attitudes and practices. Future research should explore the specific factors contributing to higher levels of good attitudes and practices in your study area, such as the role of healthcare providers, public health initiatives, and community engagement. Identifying successful strategies from your region and adapting them for use in other areas with lower levels of good attitudes and practices can enhance diabetes management efforts. Whereas this findings were lower than studies from Ethiopia and india which scores 55.07% had a favorable attitude towards diabetes mellitus (Alemayehu and Sisay, 2021 ) attitude towards diabetes is 71.6%. The study conducted at india showed that the diabetic patient’s practice is 69.6% (Chrisolite, 2024 ). The differences in findings could be due to variations in healthcare infrastructure and accessibility. Ethiopia and India have more comprehensive diabetes education programs and better healthcare support systems, leading to higher levels of favorable attitudes and practices. Robust public health campaigns in these regions effectively promote positive attitudes towards diabetes through community-based education and media. Cultural emphasis on proactive health management and community support, along with higher literacy rates and better access to healthcare resources, also contribute to the higher scores observed in these countries. Your study area may lack such extensive campaigns and support systems, resulting in lower levels of favorable attitudes and practices. Conclusion This study shows that while awareness of diabetes is high (98%), understanding is incomplete. Although 80% identified diabetes as high blood sugar, only 25% understood inadequate insulin action. Knowledge about diabetes as a non-communicable disease (71%) and its types (42.3%) varied. A significant majority recognized diabetes as chronic (83%) and lifestyle-related (92%), yet misconceptions remain, with 25% attributing it to a "curse."Perceptions of diabetes management and treatment are mixed. A notable 43% strongly disagree that diabetes is treatable, with only 22% affirming its treatability. There is broad consensus that diabetes does not significantly impact life expectancy. Most participants (60%) strongly agree that regular physical activity is effective, and 55% agree that smoking increases diabetes complications. However, 62% believe medication should not be discontinued, and 67.3% strongly disagree that initiating insulin worsens diabetes. Conversely, 65% think herbal medications have fewer complications than modern treatments, though 55% disagree on the necessity of controlling lipid and blood pressure, suggesting a need for improved education on comprehensive diabetes care. Regarding practices, the overall mean score of 3.5 indicates moderate practices, with 35.4% showing good practices and 64.6% poor ones. Smoking is less common (78.8% abstain), but exercise is infrequent (80.7% do not exercise regularly). Efforts in weight management and blood sugar monitoring are also limited. Dietary habits show that 81% include vegetables, but only 30.4% include fruits. Alcohol consumption varies, with 36% drinking and 64% abstaining. Overall, significant gaps in diabetes prevention practices highlight the need for enhanced awareness and intervention to promote healthier lifestyle choices. Recommendation Based on the findings, targeted educational programs should be developed to improve understanding of diabetes management, particularly regarding insulin action and the disease's impact on life expectancy. Increased emphasis on the treatability of diabetes and the importance of controlling blood sugar levels through consistent monitoring should be prioritized. Public health campaigns should focus on promoting regular physical activity and weight management while addressing misconceptions about diabetes causes, such as the erroneous belief in curses. Enhanced awareness about the role of medication and comprehensive diabetes care, including the management of lipid and blood pressure, is crucial. Additionally, interventions should encourage healthier dietary choices and regular exercise to improve overall diabetes prevention practices. Declarations Ethical approval and consent The study was conducted after obtaining institutional ethical clearance from Oda Bultum University. The participants recruited to the study were informed about the objectives of the study.A written informed consent was obtained from all study participants involved in the study.Data collected during the study period was used only for the study objectives. Information obtained at any course of the study was kept confidential. Confidentiality was maintained by numeric coding of the questioners. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request. Conflict of interest The author declares no conflict of interest. Funding statement Not applicable Authors’ contributions All authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis, and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work. Acknowledgements We are thankful to Chiro town adminstrations and the community for their unreserved support and corporation. References ABBAS, K. M., ALAARAJI, S. F. & ALÂ, R. S. 2020. A study of the association between IL-17 and HOMA-IR in Iraqi type 2 diabetic patients. Iraqi Journal of Science , 491-498. ALEMAYEHU, A. M. & SISAY, M. M. 2021. Attitude towards diabetes mellitus among adult communities in Gondar city, Ethiopia. Plos one, 16 , e0251777. ASIF, M. & BATOOL, S. 2020. 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NDIBUAGU EDMUND, O., ARINZE-ONYIA SUSSAN, U. & CHIME ONYINYE, H. 2016. Knowledge and attitude on diabetes mellitus among residents of a rural community in Enugu state, Southeast, Nigeria. Int Res J Med Sci, 4. RATHOD, S., KUMAR, S., RATHOD, G. B. & PARMAR, P. 2018. Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of general population of Vadodara towards diabetes mellitus. REZA, J., DV, H., CHOWDHURY, T. & WRAGG, A. 2014. A: Diabetes and heart disease in Bangladeshis and Pakistanis. Queen Mary University of London: HTTP://www . mantaraymedia. co. uk . SARAVANAN, P., MAGEE, L. A., BANERJEE, A., COLEMAN, M. A., VON DADELSZEN, P., DENISON, F., FARMER, A., FINER, S., FOX-RUSHBY, J. & HOLT, R. 2020. Gestational diabetes: opportunities for improving maternal and child health. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 8 , 793-800. SHIFERAW, W. S., GATEW, A., AFESSA, G., ASEBU, T., PETRUCKA, P. M. & AYNALEM, Y. A. 2020. Assessment of knowledge and perceptions towards diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among people in Debre Berhan town, northeast Ethiopia. Plos one, 15 , e0240850. SIMACHEW, A. & TEMESGEN, H. 2022. Knowledge, Attitude, practice, and their associated factor towards Diabetes Mellitus among peoples live in Debre Markos Town, North West Ethiopia, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia 2020 GC. SUN, H., SAEEDI, P., KARURANGA, S., PINKEPANK, M., OGURTSOVA, K., DUNCAN, B. B., STEIN, C., BASIT, A., CHAN, J. C. & MBANYA, J. C. 2022. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. Diabetes research and clinical practice, 183 , 109119. TUOMI, T., SANTORO, N., CAPRIO, S., CAI, M., WENG, J. & GROOP, L. 2014. The many faces of diabetes: a disease with increasing heterogeneity. The Lancet, 383 , 1084-1094. WHO 2016. Global report on diabetes: executive summary. World Health Organization. Table Table 1. socio-demographic characteristics of participants Variables Category Frequency Percent (%) Sex Male 443 53% Female 359 47% Age 18-24 years 112 14.6 25- 34 years 267 35.4 35-44 years 171 22.4 45-54 years 122 16 > 55 years 66 8.6 Monthly income < 5000 478 62.8 5000 286 37.2 Ethnicity Oromo 415 54.3 Amhara 301 39.5 Others 48 6.2 Educational status Unable to read and write 66 8.6 Elementary/High school 488 64 College/university 210 27.4 Marital status Single 138 18.1 Married 484 57.7 Divorced /Widowed 142 18.5 Religion Orthodox 297 39 Muslim 395 51.7 Protestant 65 8.5 Others 7 0.9 Occupation Self employed 93 12.2 Farmer 34 4.5 Unemployed 183 24 Employed (gov’t/privet) 454 59.4 Table 2: Knowledge of the participants towards DM knowledge towards DM Frequency (%) Heard of diabetes Yes 749(98) No 15 (2) DM is a condition of high blood sugar Yes 611(80) No 153 (14) I am not sure 31(4) DM is a condition of inadequate insulin action Yes 191 (25) No 153(14) I am not sure 466(61) DM is non-communicable disease Yes 542 (71) No 155(20.3) I am not sure 67(8.7) Insulin is required for diabetic patients Yes 351 (46) No 260(34) I am not sure 153 (20) There are several types of diabetes Yes 323(42.3) No 306(40) I am not sure 135 (17.7) DM is a long term (chronic) disease Yes 634 (83) No 53(7) I am not sure 77(10) DM is related to life style Yes 703(92) No 61(8) I am not sure Risk factor for DM Family History 222(29) Obesity 305(40) Decreased physical activity 46 (6) curse 191(25) The Symptoms of diabetes Excessive feeling of thirst 134 (17.5) Excessive urination 107(14) Excessive eating 283(37.5) Unexplained Weight loss 78(10.2) Slow healing of cuts and wounds 116(15.3) Tiredness and weakness 42(5.5) know complications of diabetes Eye problems 145(19) Kidney problems 122(16) Oral and dental complication 31(4) Loss of sensation in arm and leg 84 (11) Cardiovascular disease 42(5.5) Gangrene in limbs that require surgical removal 332 (43.5) Erectile dysfunction / loss of libido 8(1) Table 3. Attitude level of participants towards DM Attitude towards DM Strongy disagree Disagree Neutral Agree Strongly agree DM Is treatable 329(43) 160(21) 4(0.5) 168(22) 103(13.5) DM reduces life expectancy 565(74) 119(15.5) 8(1) 61(8) 12(1.5) blood pressure controlling is necessary in DM 244(32) 96(12.5) 61(8) 138(18) 225(29.5) regular exercise controls DM 30(3.9) 54(7.1) 69(9) 153(20) 458(60) smoking increase complication of DM 19(2.5) 92(12) 84(11) 149(19.5) 420(55) Medication can be discontinued 65(8.5) 84(11) 30(4) 111(14.5) 474(62) Initiating insulin exacerbates diabetes and its complications. 514(67.3) 158(20.7) 16(2) 32(4.2) 44(5.8) Proper diabetes treatment could reduce the risk of other complications 329(43) 78(10.2) 131(17.1) 160(21) 66(8.7) Herbal medications have less complication than modern medications 38(5) 19(2.5) 57(7.5) 153(20) 497(65) Lipid and blood pressure control is necessary in diabetic patients. 420(55) 149(19.5) 42(5.5) 99(13) 54(7) Table 4. Practice level of respondents towards DM. Practice towards DM Frequency (%) Smoke cigarettes Yes 161(21.2) No 602(78.8) practice exercise Yes 148(19.3) No 616(80.7) If yes on question , how often Every day 42(5.5) Once a week 20(2.6) Twice a week 72(9.4) Sometimes 14(1.8) trying to reduce or maintain weight Yes 206(27) No 558(73) If yes on question 404, Every day 62(30) Usually 101(49) Sometimes 43(21) Check blood sugar regularly Yes 80(10.4) No 684(84.6) includes vegetables in their diet Yes 619(81) No 145(19) includes fruits in their diet Yes 232(30.4) No 532(69.6) drink alcohol Yes 275(36) No 489(64) If yes Frequently 78(10.2) Weekly 103(13.5) Monthly 51(6.7) For holidays only 43(5.6) commonly include meat and fat in their diet Yes 66(8.6) No 698(91.4) Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 May, 2025 Read the published version in BMC Public Health → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 08 Aug, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 08 Aug, 2024 Submission checks completed at journal 08 Aug, 2024 First submitted to journal 26 Jul, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4810001","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":337515014,"identity":"86f15a0e-cd46-43ff-82c8-07159f59fab1","order_by":0,"name":"Wondimagegn Wolde","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA4klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYJACiQQgwceQwHDgA5DBxk6sFjaGBMaHM0AMZmK0MEC0MBvzgFiEtBgc7z1442HOYTk29uRj0ja/tsnzMTMwfviYg0fLmXPJFonbDhuz8TxLk87tu23YxszALDlzG24tZjdyzCQSt91ObJPIMZPO7bnNCNTCxsxLnJb8b9KWPbftSdGSw2zM8APIIKTF/swZY6Bf/oP8Yviwt+F2chszYzNev0i29xje/LktTY6fPfnBgR9/btvOb28++OEjHi2ogLENTDYQqx4E/pCieBSMglEwCkYKAAAN6FGNkOAmwgAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Oda Bultum University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Wondimagegn","middleName":"","lastName":"Wolde","suffix":""},{"id":337515015,"identity":"01e29bdb-0c47-474a-a0b3-975d2a0477a3","order_by":1,"name":"Daniel Atle","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Oda Bultum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Daniel","middleName":"","lastName":"Atle","suffix":""},{"id":337515016,"identity":"ee7ee041-f878-4dc9-9d4f-2c626d09e21c","order_by":2,"name":"Dechasa Girma","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Oda Bultum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Dechasa","middleName":"","lastName":"Girma","suffix":""},{"id":337515017,"identity":"815b404a-acc6-4896-8359-0b93a4fe5b38","order_by":3,"name":"Samuel Hailu","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Oda Bultum University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Samuel","middleName":"","lastName":"Hailu","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-07-26 19:38:25","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4810001/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4810001/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22902-1","type":"published","date":"2025-05-02T15:57:28+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":81987737,"identity":"9bad2f80-2afd-4af6-9e62-5aa5cab92d07","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-05 16:05:25","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1273493,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4810001/v1/21be6300-66b8-4aab-87d5-75e2596196a8.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Diabetes Mellitus Tmong Chiro Town Population, Eastern Ethiopia","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eDiabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiological factors characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism which resulted from either insufficient insulin secretion, resistance to the action of Insulin or both (Balaji et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e).The two major types of DM are Type 1 (insulin dependent) DM and Type 2 (non-insulin dependent) DM, responsible for 90% of the disease prevalence (Ibrahim and Mohamedahmed, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).Type 1 DM (T1DM) is characterized by an autoimmune destruction of beta cells, which leads to absolute insulin deficiency and dependence on insulin injections for survival (Huang et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is the furthermost common form of DM which is identified via hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and relative insulin deficiency (Abbas et al., 2020). It can be controlled through healthy diet, physical activity, losing excess weight, and oral medication (Magkos et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGestational DM occurs only during pregnancy and is a risk factor for T2DM after pregnancy (Kjos and Buchanan, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1999\u003c/span\u003e). The above types are by far the most frequent forms, but other specific types exist that are much less common (Tuomi et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMost persons with diabetes in developing countries are between 45 to 64 years of age, which is a significant segment of the productive age range. In addition to this reduced productivity and declining economic growth, the disease leads to high economic burden in terms of healthcare expenditure (da Rocha Fernandes et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eGlobally, 537\u0026nbsp;million adults (20\u0026ndash;79 years) are living with diabetes in 2021. This number is predicted to rise to 643\u0026nbsp;million by 2030 and 783\u0026nbsp;million by 2045 that is almost double of the 7 diabetic population today. Over 3 in 4 adults with diabetes live in low- and middle-income countries(Sun et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e, Asif and Batool, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e). This indicates diabetes mellitus is a major and growing public health problem.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe African region is expected to experience the highest increase in coming years with estimated increase in prevalence rates of 98% for Sub-Saharan Africa. According to International Diabetes Federation (IDF), 2017 report in Ethiopia 2.6\u0026nbsp;million DM cases in the country.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthiopia as one of the developing countries has been showing changes that shift the lifestyle of the people towards urbanization, dietary changes, and reduced physical activity, particularly in recent decades. These rapid changes have led to the emergence of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes mellitus (Cho et al., 2005).Which can play the vital role in the cause of morbidity and mortality through continued clinical consequence. People living with diabetes may have to deal with short-term or long-term complications as a result of their condition (Saravanan et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffective approaches are available to prevent these complications and premature death that can result from all types of diabetes (Guariguata et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). knowledge and practice across whole populations and within specific settings (school, home, workplace) that contribute to good health for everyone, regardless of whether they have diabetes, such as exercising regularly, eating healthily, avoiding smoking, and controlling blood pressure (Reza et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e, WHO, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). In addition, information against diabetes mellitus can help people assess their risk of diabetes, motivate them to seek proper treatment and care, and inspire them to take charge of their disease for their lifetime (Moodley and Rambiritch, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2007\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe 80% of all diabetes cases will occur in the low and middle socioeconomic classes where knowledge about diabetes is poor (Guariguata et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Studies regarding the knowledge, attitude and practice towards DM has been conducted in some parts of Ethiopia. KAP regarding diabetes are the principal markers of awareness, that vary greatly depending on socio economic conditions, cultural beliefs and habits which need to be studied in various population groups in specific racial and cultural contexts (Fatema et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). As a result, to the knowledge of the researchers no study was conducted in estern Ethiopia in general and chiro town in particular. Therefore this study aim to assess the KAP towards diabetes mellitus in Chiro town population, eastern Ethiopia.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Area and Period\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted in Chiro town of West Hararghe Zone of Eastern Etiopia. Chiro town is located in Oromia region, Eastern Ethiopia, 314 km away from Addis Ababa. Its elevation is 1,825 meter above sea level. According to 2022 Ethiopian census report, there are about 69,793 populations in the town, among these populations, 37,204 male and 32,589 female (CSA, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e) and average temperature of 27\u0026deg;C. currently, the town has one Zonal hospital and two health centers.The study was conducted from august 01 to October 30, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCross sectional study was conducted.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSource Population\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAll people who live in chiro town.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Population\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThose who fulfill the inclusion criteria.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eEligibility criteria\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eInclusion Criteria\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e All people who are voluntary to participate and those who are 18 years and above.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eExclusion criteria\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThose who are involuntary, seriously ill diuring the study period and those who are unable to speak and hear.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eVariables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section4\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDependent variables\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge, attitude, and practice towards DM.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eIndependent Variable\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge, sex, religion, place of residence, marital status, educational status, occupational status, family income, and family history of DM.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eOperational Definition\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"BlockQuote\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eGood knowledge:-\u003c/b\u003eAnswering above the mean of Knowledge Questions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003ePoor Knowledge:-\u003c/b\u003eAnswering below the mean of Knowledge Questions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eGood Attitude:-\u003c/b\u003e Answering above the mean of attitude Questions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003ePoor attitude:-\u003c/b\u003e Answering below the mean of attitude Questions\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cb\u003eGood practice:-\u003c/b\u003e Answering above the mean of practice Questions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cstrong\u003ePoor practice\u003c/strong\u003e \u003cp\u003e- Answering below the mean of practice Questions\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec14\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSample Size determination and Sampling technique\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSample Size determination\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003esample size was determined using single population proportion formula. By considering p value, 65.41% prevalence of knowledge about DM, which is obtained from previous study, conducted in Debre Maricos population (Simachew and Temesgen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), with 95% CI and margin of error (d)\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;5%. After adding of 10% none response rate and multiplying by design effect the final sample size was 382 * 2\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;\u003cb\u003e764\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec16\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Collection procedure\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e An official letter of support was written from Oda Bultum University Research and Community Service Vice President office. Permission to conduct the study was sought from Chiro town Adminstrartion. After written informed consent has been signed, data was collected using structured questionnaire. The questionnaire contains three parts: Socio demographic information, general questions on knowledge, attitude and practice about Diabetes Mellitus and the respondent\u0026rsquo;s response on knowledge, attitude and practice on Diabetes Mellitus, which were developed from different literatures (Belsti et al., ,2020, Kassahun and Mekonen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e, Shiferaw et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2020\u003c/span\u003e, Simachew and Temesgen, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). The face to face interview was the technique of data collection.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec17\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData Analysis and Interpretion\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eData was checked for completeness and entered to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Data was enterd into EPI Info version 7 checked for completeness and transferred to SPSS (23) for analysis. The characteristics of the study population were summarized using descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec18\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eData quality control\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe questionnaire was pre-tested on 5% of the sample size on Hirna town population before the actual study begins to make sure that whether the questionnaire is appropriate and understandable. The collected data was checked daily for consistency and accuracy. The questionnaires was randomly selected for quality control purpose and rechecked. Data collectors were trained and the investigators were also followed up the data collection process. Participants were participated only once and also double data entry was done using Epi-Data.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec20\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSociodemographic Characterstics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study revealed that a greater portion of the participants were male, comprising 53% of the total sample. The majority of participants fell within the age range of 18 to 78 years (mean 34.26 years, Standard deviation (SD)\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.35 years). Most of the participants, 267 (35.4%) were between the age of 25 to 34 years. A significant portion of the respondents reported a monthly income of less than 5000 Birr, accounting for 62.8% of the sample population. Furthermore, the predominant ethnicity among the participants was Oromo, with 54.3% of respondents identifying as such. In terms of education, the majority of participants had completed either elementary or high school, constituting 64% of the sample. Additionally, a notable portion of the respondents were single (18.1%) and identified as Muslim (51.7%). Regarding occupation, self-employment was the most common, with 12.2% of respondents engaged in this type of work. Other prevalent occupations included farming (4.5%) and unemployment (24%) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esocio-demographic characteristics of participants\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCategory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePercent (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSex\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e443\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e359\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"4\" rowspan=\"5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18\u0026ndash;24 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25\u0026ndash;34 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e267\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35\u0026ndash;44 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45\u0026ndash;54 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;55 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonthly income\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; 5000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e478\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5000\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e286\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e37.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEthnicity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOromo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e415\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.3\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAmhara\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e301\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEducational status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnable to read and write\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElementary/High school\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e488\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollege/university\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e210\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e484\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced /Widowed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eReligion\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOrthodox\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e297\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e395\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProtestant\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccupation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf employed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFarmer\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmployed (gov\u0026rsquo;t/privet)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e454\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.4\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec21\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eKnowledge towards DM\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn this study, the vast majority of respondents (98%) were heared of diabetes. When it comes to understanding diabetes, 80% of respondents correctly identified it as a condition of high blood sugar and 25% of respondents accurately recognized inadequate insulin action as a characteristic of diabetes. Similarly, 71% of respondents associated diabetes with being a non-communicable disease. 92%, 83%, 46%, 42.3%, of respondents identified that DM as being related to one's lifestyle, DM as a chronic disease, insulin is required for diabetic patients and there are several types of diabetes respectively. Surprisingly, 25% of respondents believed that DM was caused by a \"curse.\" On a more positive note, 37.5% of respondents recognized excessive eating as the symptom of having DM and Gangrene in limbs that require surgical removal (43.5%) as major complication of diabetes while 40% recognized obesity as a contributing factor (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKnowledge of the participants towards DM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eknowledge towards DM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeard of diabetes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e749(98)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM is a condition of high blood sugar\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e611(80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153 (14)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI am not sure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31(4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM is a condition of inadequate insulin action\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191 (25)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153(14)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eI am not sure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e466(61)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM is non-communicable disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Yes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e542 (71)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e155(20.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. I am not sure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67(8.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInsulin is required for diabetic patients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Yes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e351 (46)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e260(34)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 I am not sure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153 (20)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThere are several types of diabetes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e323(42.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e306(40)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. I am not sure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e135 (17.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM is a long term (chronic) disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Yes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e634 (83)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53(7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3 I am not sure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77(10)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM is related to life style\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Yes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e703(92)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61(8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. I am not sure\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRisk factor for DM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Family History\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e222(29)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eObesity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e305(40)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 Decreased physical activity\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecurse\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191(25)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"5\" rowspan=\"6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Symptoms of diabetes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Excessive feeling of thirst\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e134 (17.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Excessive urination\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. 107(14)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eExcessive eating\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e283(37.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Unexplained Weight loss\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78(10.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Slow healing of cuts and wounds\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e116(15.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3. Tiredness and weakness\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42(5.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"6\" rowspan=\"7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eknow complications of diabetes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4. Eye problems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145(19)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5. Kidney problems\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e122(16)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6. Oral and dental complication\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e31(4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Loss of sensation in arm and leg\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (11)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Cardiovascular disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42(5.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Gangrene in limbs that require surgical removal\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e332 (43.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. Erectile dysfunction / loss of libido\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8(1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe total mean score for correctly answered knowledge questions were 38.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;0.5. Those participants who scored below the mean score were 264 (34.4% which was considered as poor knowledge) and above the mean score were 500 (65.57% which was considered as good knowledge).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec22\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eAttitude towards DM\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study explored attitudes toward diabetes mellitus (DM) among participants, revealing diverse opinions. A significant portion (43%) strongly disagreed that DM is treatable, while 22% agreed and 13.5% strongly agreed. Regarding DM's impact on life expectancy, 74% strongly disagreed that it reduces life expectancy, while 8% agreed and 1.5% strongly agreed.For blood pressure control in DM, 32% strongly disagreed, 18% agreed, and 29.5% strongly agreed. Regular exercise was deemed crucial by 60% who strongly agreed, while 20% agreed. Smoking complications were acknowledged by 55% who strongly agreed, and 19.5% agreed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedication discontinuation was strongly disagreed by 62%, while 14.5% agreed. Initiating insulin worsening DM was strongly disagreed by 67.3%, and 4.2% agreed. Proper diabetes treatment reducing complications was strongly disagreed by 43%, while 21% agreed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eHerbal medications were seen as less complicated by 65% who strongly agreed, while 20% agreed. Lipid and blood pressure control necessity was strongly agreed by 55%, and 19.5% agreed (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttitude level of participants towards DM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"12\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c11\" colnum=\"11\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c12\" colnum=\"12\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAttitude towards DM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrongy disagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDisagree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeutral\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAgree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStrongly agree\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM Is treatable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e329(43)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160(21)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168(22)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103(13.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDM reduces life expectancy\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e565(74)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e119(15.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8(1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61(8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12(1.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eblood pressure controlling is necessary in DM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e244(32)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e96(12.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61(8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e138(18)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e225(29.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eregular exercise controls DM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30(3.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54(7.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e69(9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153(20)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e458(60)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c9\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c11\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c12\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003esmoking increase complication of DM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19(2.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e92(12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84(11)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149(19.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e420(55)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedication can be discontinued\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65(8.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84(11)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30(4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e111(14.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e474(62)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInitiating insulin exacerbates diabetes and its complications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e514(67.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e158(20.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16(2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32(4.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44(5.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProper diabetes treatment could reduce the risk of other complications\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e329(43)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78(10.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e131(17.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e160(21)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66(8.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHerbal medications have less complication than modern medications\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38(5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19(2.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57(7.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e153(20)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e497(65)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLipid and blood pressure control is necessary in diabetic patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e420(55)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149(19.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42(5.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e99(13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54(7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"5\" nameend=\"c12\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mean score of the participant\u0026rsquo;s practice level was 36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.3. Those participants who scored below the mean score were 306 (40% which was considered as negative attitude) and above the mean score were 393 (60% which was considered as positive attitude).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec23\" class=\"Section3\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePractice twards DM\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe study also examined the practices related to diabetes mellitus (DM) among participants. In this study, the overall mean for the practice related data was 3.5 wih the percentage of good practices was 35.4% and the percentage of bad practices was 64.6%.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA significant majority (78.8%) reported not smoking cigarettes. Regarding exercise, 19.3% practiced it regularly, with frequencies of every day (5.5%), once a week (2.6%), twice a week (9.4%), and sometimes (1.8%). Additionally, 27% of respondents actively tried to reduce or maintain their weight, with efforts being made every day (30%), usually (49%), or sometimes (21%).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnly 10.4% of participants regularly checked their blood sugar levels. A substantial portion (81%) included vegetables in their diet; however Fruit consumption was lower, with only 30.4%. On the other hand, Alcohol consumption was reported by 36% of respondents, with drinking frequencies of frequently (10.2%), weekly (13.5%), monthly (6.7%), and for holidays only (5.6%). 8.6% of the participants also commonly included meat and fat in their diet (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice level of respondents towards DM.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"3\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePractice towards DM\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequency (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSmoke cigarettes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e161(21.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e602(78.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003epractice exercise\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e148(19.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e616(80.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf yes on question, how often\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvery day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42(5.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnce a week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20(2.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTwice a week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72(9.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14(1.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003etrying to reduce or maintain weight\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1. Yes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e206(27)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2. No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e558(73)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf yes on question 404,\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvery day\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62(30)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUsually\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101(49)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43(21)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCheck blood sugar regularly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80(10.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e684(84.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eincludes vegetables in their diet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Yes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e619(81)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e145(19)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eincludes fruits in their diet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1 Yes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e232(30.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2 No\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e532(69.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003edrink alcohol\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e275(36)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e489(64)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"3\" rowspan=\"4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIf yes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFrequently\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e78(10.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeekly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e103(13.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMonthly\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51(6.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFor holidays only\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43(5.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ecommonly include meat and fat in their diet\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66(8.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e698(91.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mean score of the participant\u0026rsquo;s practice level was 35.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.9. Those participants who scored below the mean score were 306 (40% which was considered as negative attitude) and above the mean score were 393 (60% which was considered as positive attitude).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn the present study, approximately 62.7% of study participants knew the definition of DM, with 24.3% having good knowledge about risk factors of DM, 16.58% of participants correctly identifying the symptoms of DM, and 83.7% participants correctly identifying the complications of DM.In contrast, our results were higher than those of a study conducted in Kenya 29% and omani 57%, on DM sign/symptom. Similarly, our results were higher than a study conducted at Nigeria (19%) on risk factors (Ndibuagu Edmund et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e), the higher levels of knowledge about DM in our study compared to Kenya, Oman, and Nigeria can be attributed to a combination of factors including better healthcare and education systems, effective public health campaigns, greater access to information, and cultural and socioeconomic differences. Understanding these factors can help inform future public health strategies and interventions to improve DM awareness and knowledge in other regions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding the knowledge about the complication of DM, results in this study were also higher than a study conducted at (57.8%) (Ndibuagu Edmund et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). The higher knowledge about DM complications in our study area compared to the 57.8% study can be attributed to factors such as better healthcare infrastructure, effective public health campaigns, greater access to information, and cultural and socioeconomic differences. These insights can help inform targeted public health strategies and interventions to improve awareness and management of DM complications in other regions.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe present study, found that 27.8% and 35.4% of the participants had good diabetes-related attitude and practice respectively. This findings were higher than a study carried out in Vadodara, india, that revealed had 23.54% in the attitude questions and 12.80% in practice questions (Rathod et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). The higher levels of good attitude and practice in your study suggest that existing educational and health programs are effective and should be continued and potentially replicated in areas with lower levels. Tailoring educational content to address specific gaps in attitudes and practices can further improve outcomes. Policymakers should use these findings to support the development of initiatives aimed at improving attitudes and practices towards diabetes management in areas with lower levels. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure and provider training can help improve patient attitudes and practices. Future research should explore the specific factors contributing to higher levels of good attitudes and practices in your study area, such as the role of healthcare providers, public health initiatives, and community engagement. Identifying successful strategies from your region and adapting them for use in other areas with lower levels of good attitudes and practices can enhance diabetes management efforts.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhereas this findings were lower than studies from Ethiopia and india which scores 55.07% had a favorable attitude towards diabetes mellitus (Alemayehu and Sisay, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e) attitude towards diabetes is 71.6%. The study conducted at india showed that the diabetic patient\u0026rsquo;s practice is 69.6% (Chrisolite, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). The differences in findings could be due to variations in healthcare infrastructure and accessibility. Ethiopia and India have more comprehensive diabetes education programs and better healthcare support systems, leading to higher levels of favorable attitudes and practices. Robust public health campaigns in these regions effectively promote positive attitudes towards diabetes through community-based education and media. Cultural emphasis on proactive health management and community support, along with higher literacy rates and better access to healthcare resources, also contribute to the higher scores observed in these countries. Your study area may lack such extensive campaigns and support systems, resulting in lower levels of favorable attitudes and practices.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study shows that while awareness of diabetes is high (98%), understanding is incomplete. Although 80% identified diabetes as high blood sugar, only 25% understood inadequate insulin action. Knowledge about diabetes as a non-communicable disease (71%) and its types (42.3%) varied. A significant majority recognized diabetes as chronic (83%) and lifestyle-related (92%), yet misconceptions remain, with 25% attributing it to a \"curse.\"Perceptions of diabetes management and treatment are mixed. A notable 43% strongly disagree that diabetes is treatable, with only 22% affirming its treatability. There is broad consensus that diabetes does not significantly impact life expectancy. Most participants (60%) strongly agree that regular physical activity is effective, and 55% agree that smoking increases diabetes complications. However, 62% believe medication should not be discontinued, and 67.3% strongly disagree that initiating insulin worsens diabetes. Conversely, 65% think herbal medications have fewer complications than modern treatments, though 55% disagree on the necessity of controlling lipid and blood pressure, suggesting a need for improved education on comprehensive diabetes care.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding practices, the overall mean score of 3.5 indicates moderate practices, with 35.4% showing good practices and 64.6% poor ones. Smoking is less common (78.8% abstain), but exercise is infrequent (80.7% do not exercise regularly). Efforts in weight management and blood sugar monitoring are also limited. Dietary habits show that 81% include vegetables, but only 30.4% include fruits. Alcohol consumption varies, with 36% drinking and 64% abstaining. Overall, significant gaps in diabetes prevention practices highlight the need for enhanced awareness and intervention to promote healthier lifestyle choices.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec26\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eRecommendation\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the findings, targeted educational programs should be developed to improve understanding of diabetes management, particularly regarding insulin action and the disease's impact on life expectancy. Increased emphasis on the treatability of diabetes and the importance of controlling blood sugar levels through consistent monitoring should be prioritized. Public health campaigns should focus on promoting regular physical activity and weight management while addressing misconceptions about diabetes causes, such as the erroneous belief in curses. Enhanced awareness about the role of medication and comprehensive diabetes care, including the management of lipid and blood pressure, is crucial. Additionally, interventions should encourage healthier dietary choices and regular exercise to improve overall diabetes prevention practices.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003eEthical approval and consent\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe study was conducted after obtaining institutional ethical clearance from Oda Bultum University.\u0026nbsp;The participants recruited to the study were informed about the objectives of the study.A written informed consent was obtained from all study participants involved in the study.Data collected during the study period was used only for the study objectives. Information obtained at any course of the study was kept confidential. Confidentiality was maintained by numeric coding of the questioners.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding authors on reasonable request.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflict of interest\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author declares no conflict of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding statement\u003c/strong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026rsquo; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll authors made a significant contribution to the work reported, whether that is in the conception, study design, execution, acquisition of data, analysis, and interpretation, or in all these areas; took part in drafting, revising or critically reviewing the article; gave final approval of the version to be published; have agreed on the journal to which the article has been submitted; and agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWe are thankful to Chiro town adminstrations and the community for their unreserved support and corporation. \u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eABBAS, K. 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Assessment of knowledge and perceptions towards diabetes mellitus and its associated factors among people in Debre Berhan town, northeast Ethiopia. \u003cem\u003ePlos one,\u003c/em\u003e 15\u003cstrong\u003e,\u003c/strong\u003e e0240850.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSIMACHEW, A. \u0026amp; TEMESGEN, H. 2022. Knowledge, Attitude, practice, and their associated factor towards Diabetes Mellitus among peoples live in Debre Markos Town, North West Ethiopia, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia 2020 GC.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSUN, H., SAEEDI, P., KARURANGA, S., PINKEPANK, M., OGURTSOVA, K., DUNCAN, B. B., STEIN, C., BASIT, A., CHAN, J. C. \u0026amp; MBANYA, J. C. 2022. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, regional and country-level diabetes prevalence estimates for 2021 and projections for 2045. \u003cem\u003eDiabetes research and clinical practice,\u003c/em\u003e 183\u003cstrong\u003e,\u003c/strong\u003e 109119.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTUOMI, T., SANTORO, N., CAPRIO, S., CAI, M., WENG, J. \u0026amp; GROOP, L. 2014. The many faces of diabetes: a disease with increasing heterogeneity. \u003cem\u003eThe Lancet,\u003c/em\u003e 383\u003cstrong\u003e,\u003c/strong\u003e 1084-1094.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWHO 2016. Global report on diabetes: executive summary. World Health Organization.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},{"header":"Table","content":"\u003cp\u003eTable 1. socio-demographic characteristics of participants \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eVariables\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCategory\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePercent (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSex\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e443\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e53%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e359\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e47%\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" rowspan=\"5\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18-24 years\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e112\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25- 34 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e267\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35-44 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e171\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45-54 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e122\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026gt; 55 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonthly income\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt; \u0026nbsp;5000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e478\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62.8\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5000\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e286\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEthnicity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOromo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e415\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54.3\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAmhara\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e301\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e48\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducational status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnable to read and write\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.6\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eElementary/High school\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e488\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e64\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCollege/university\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e210\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.1\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e484\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDivorced /Widowed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e142\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eReligion\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOrthodox\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e297\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e39\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMuslim\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e395\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51.7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProtestant\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.231884057971016%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"24.63768115942029%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.130434782608695%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.9\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOccupation\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSelf employed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e93\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12.2\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFarmer\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e34\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4.5\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e183\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"29.591836734693878%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.510204081632654%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed (gov\u0026rsquo;t/privet)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.346938775510203%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e454\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"27.551020408163264%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e59.4\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Table 2: Knowledge of the participants towards DM\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"61.61616161616162%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eknowledge towards DM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.39393939393939%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHeard of diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.22222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e749(98)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.39393939393939%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM is a condition of high blood sugar\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.22222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;611(80)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153 (14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI am not sure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;31(4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.39393939393939%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM is a condition of inadequate insulin action\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.22222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e191 (25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;153(14)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eI am not sure\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;466(61)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.39393939393939%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM is non-communicable disease\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.22222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYes\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e542 (71)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNo\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;155(20.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eI am not sure\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;67(8.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.39393939393939%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInsulin is required for diabetic patients\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.22222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYes\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e351 (46)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNo\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;260(34)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eI am not sure\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153 (20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.39393939393939%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThere are several types of diabetes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.22222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;323(42.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNo\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;306(40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eI am not sure\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e135 (17.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.39393939393939%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM is a long term (chronic) disease\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.22222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYes\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e634 (83)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNo\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;53(7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eI am not sure\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e77(10)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.39393939393939%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM is related to life style\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.22222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYes\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;703(92)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNo\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61(8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eI am not sure\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.39393939393939%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRisk factor for DM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.22222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFamily History\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e222(29)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eObesity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e305(40)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDecreased physical activity\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 (6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecurse\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;191(25)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.39393939393939%\" rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eThe Symptoms of diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.22222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eExcessive feeling of thirst\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e134 (17.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eExcessive urination\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u0026nbsp;107(14)\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eExcessive eating\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;283(37.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eUnexplained Weight loss\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;78(10.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSlow healing of cuts and wounds\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;116(15.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eTiredness and weakness\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;42(5.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"39.39393939393939%\" rowspan=\"7\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eknow complications of diabetes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"22.22222222222222%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eEye problems\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"38.38383838383838%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;145(19)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKidney problems\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;122(16)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOral and dental complication\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;31(4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLoss of sensation in arm and leg\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84 (11)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eCardiovascular disease\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;42(5.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGangrene in limbs that require surgical removal\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e332 (43.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"36.666666666666664%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eErectile dysfunction / loss of libido\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"63.333333333333336%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;8(1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;Table 3. Attitude level of participants towards DM\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"1263\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.174050632911392%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.0912%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAttitude towards \u0026nbsp;DM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.363924050632912%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 15.5232%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eStrongy disagree\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.724683544303797%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.1498%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDisagree\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 10.6274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNeutral\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 9.0751%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAgree\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.335443037974683%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 13.9709%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;Strongly agree\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.174050632911392%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.0912%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM Is treatable\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.363924050632912%\" style=\"width: 15.5232%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e329(43)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.724683544303797%\" style=\"width: 10.1498%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160(21)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 10.6274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4(0.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" style=\"width: 9.0751%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e168(22)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.335443037974683%\" style=\"width: 13.9709%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103(13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.174050632911392%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.0912%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDM reduces life expectancy\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.363924050632912%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.5232%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e565(74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.724683544303797%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.1498%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e119(15.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.1945%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8(1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.508%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61(8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.414556962025317%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14.0903%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12(1.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.174050632911392%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.0912%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eblood pressure controlling is necessary in DM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.363924050632912%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.5232%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e244(32)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.724683544303797%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.1498%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e96(12.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.1945%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e61(8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.508%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e138(18)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.414556962025317%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 14.0903%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e225(29.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.158102766798418%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.0912%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eregular exercise controls DM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.355731225296443%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.5232%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30(3.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.719367588932807%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.1498%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54(7.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.086956521739131%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.6274%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e69(9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.086956521739131%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.0751%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153(20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.328063241106719%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13.9709%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e458(60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.174050632911392%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.0912%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003esmoking increase complication of DM\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.363924050632912%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.5232%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;19(2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.724683544303797%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.1498%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e92(12)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.1945%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84(11)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.508%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149(19.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.335443037974683%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13.9709%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e420(55)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.174050632911392%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.0912%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedication can be discontinued\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.363924050632912%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.5232%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e65(8.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.724683544303797%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.1498%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e84(11)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.1945%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30(4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.508%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e111(14.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.335443037974683%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13.9709%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e474(62)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.174050632911392%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.0912%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInitiating insulin exacerbates diabetes and its complications.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.363924050632912%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.5232%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e514(67.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.724683544303797%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.1498%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e158(20.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.1945%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16(2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.508%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32(4.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.335443037974683%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13.9709%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44(5.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.174050632911392%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.0912%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eProper diabetes treatment could reduce the risk of \u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp; other complications\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.363924050632912%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.5232%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e329(43)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.724683544303797%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.1498%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78(10.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.1945%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e131(17.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.508%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e160(21)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.335443037974683%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13.9709%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66(8.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.174050632911392%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.0912%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHerbal medications have less complication than modern medications\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.363924050632912%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.5232%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38(5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.724683544303797%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.1498%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19(2.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.1945%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e57(7.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.508%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e153(20)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.335443037974683%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13.9709%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e497(65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"20.174050632911392%\" valign=\"top\" style=\"width: 30.0912%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLipid and blood pressure control is necessary in diabetic patients.\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"10.363924050632912%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 15.5232%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e420(55)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.724683544303797%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.1498%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e149(19.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 9.1945%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;42(5.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"6.091772151898734%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 10.508%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e99(13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.335443037974683%\" valign=\"bottom\" style=\"width: 13.9709%;\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e54(7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 4. Practice level of respondents towards DM.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"1\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" width=\"100%\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"68.68686868686869%\" colspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePractice towards \u0026nbsp;DM\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFrequency (%)\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"47.474747474747474%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmoke cigarettes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.21212121212121%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e161(21.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e602(78.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"47.474747474747474%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003epractice exercise\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.21212121212121%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e148(19.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e616(80.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"47.474747474747474%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIf yes on question , how often\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.21212121212121%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEvery day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e42(5.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOnce a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20(2.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTwice a week\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e72(9.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14(1.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"47.474747474747474%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003etrying to reduce or maintain weight\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.21212121212121%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYes\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e206(27)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNo\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e558(73)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"47.474747474747474%\" rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIf yes on question 404,\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.21212121212121%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEvery day\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e62(30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUsually\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e101(49)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSometimes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(21)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"47.474747474747474%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCheck blood sugar regularly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.21212121212121%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e80(10.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e684(84.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"47.474747474747474%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eincludes vegetables \u0026nbsp;in their diet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.21212121212121%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYes\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e619(81)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNo\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e145(19)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"47.474747474747474%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eincludes fruits \u0026nbsp;in their diet\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.21212121212121%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYes\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e232(30.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eNo\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003c/ol\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e532(69.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"47.474747474747474%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003edrink alcohol\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.21212121212121%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e275(36)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e489(64)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"47.474747474747474%\" rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIf yes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.21212121212121%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFrequently\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e78(10.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eWeekly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e103(13.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMonthly\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e51(6.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFor holidays only\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43(5.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"47.474747474747474%\" rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ecommonly include meat and fat \u0026nbsp;in their diet\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21.21212121212121%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"31.31313131313131%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e66(8.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"40.38461538461539%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"59.61538461538461%\" valign=\"top\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e698(91.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Diabetes mellitus","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4810001/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4810001/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiological factors characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbance of carbohydrate metabolism. It can play the vital role in the cause of morbidity and mortality through continued clinical consequence and mortality. Therefore good knowledge of diabetes mellitus prevention and management is necessary in promoting care and enhancing good therapeutic outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective:\u003c/strong\u003eTo assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and associated factors among general population regarding diabetes mellitus in Chiro town, Estern Ethiopia, august 01 to October 30, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cem\u003e \u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eCross-sectional study design was conducted\u003cem\u003e \u003c/em\u003eon 764 subjects from Augeust 01 to December 30, 2023. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used to collect the socio-demographic information of the study participants. Data was enterd into Statstical Package for social science , checked for completeness and analyzed. The characteristics of the study population were summarized using descriptive statistics, frequency and percentage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResult:\u003c/strong\u003e The study revealed that 98% of respondents had heard of diabetes, with 80% correctly identifying it as a condition of high blood sugar and 25% recognizing inadequate insulin action as a characteristic. Additionally, 65.57% demonstrated good knowledge of diabetes, 60% had a positive attitude towards diabetes management, and 35.4% reported good practices. Despite these insights, misconceptions persisted, such as 25% believing diabetes is caused by a curse. Regular exercise and non-smoking were common positive practices, but only 10.4% regularly checked their blood sugar levels.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusion and recommendation:\u003c/strong\u003e This study highlights high diabetes awareness (98%) but incomplete understanding, with only 25% recognizing inadequate insulin action. Mixed perceptions about diabetes management and significant gaps in prevention practices underscore the need for targeted educational programs, emphasizing the treatability of diabetes, regular monitoring, and healthier lifestyle choices. Enhanced awareness of comprehensive diabetes care, including proper medication use and physical activity, is crucial.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Towards Diabetes Mellitus Tmong Chiro Town Population, Eastern Ethiopia","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-08-16 05:24:18","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4810001/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2024-08-08T06:20:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-08-08T05:48:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2024-08-08T05:45:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Public Health","date":"2024-07-26T19:33:19+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"34c1f74c-1c41-4016-a105-4e3efaa87f2c","owner":[],"postedDate":"August 16th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-05T16:00:35+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-4810001","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22902-1","journal":{"identity":"bmc-public-health","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Public Health"},"publishedOn":"2025-05-02 15:57:28","publishedOnDateReadable":"May 2nd, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-08-16 05:24:18","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s12889-025-22902-1","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-22902-1","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4810001","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4810001","identity":"rs-4810001","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"FbvkV6FR0MCFSLy54lSbu","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}