The origin, inter-subspecies hybridization and adaptation of house mice (Mus musculus)

The origin, inter-subspecies hybridization and adaptation of house mice (Mus musculus) | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article The origin, inter-subspecies hybridization and adaptation of house mice (Mus musculus) Ling Huang, Meidong Jing, Yingjie Chen, Wenbo Yuan, Ying Song, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3333486/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract The origin, inter-subspecies hybridization and genomic basis of adaptation of house mice (Mus musculus) were not well-resolved. Population genomic analyses with 349 samples from Eurasia confirmed the Pakistan-Himalaya-India junctional region as the origin centre. The divergence of Mus musculus domesticus, M. m. musculus and M. m. castaneus occurred during different interglacial stages beginning ~350 thousand years ago. Long-distance introgression from musculus into castaneus and from castaneus into musculus occurred in southern and northern China, respectively. Genomic introgression in hybrids from Europe and East Asia revealed that genomic differentiation, recombination rate, and biological functions of genes determined the introgression capability of distinct genomic regions. Unidirectional introgression of the Y chromosome made all wild mice in East Asia holding the musculus-type Y chromosome. Analyses on selective sweeps in the three subspecies elucidate the genomic basis of adaptation during spread. Our data provide novel insights into the origin and evolution of house mice. Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Full Text Additional Declarations There is NO Competing Interest. Supplementary Files supplementfig.pdf Supplement Figures suptables.xlsx Supplement Tables Figs7.png Extended Data Figure 1 Figs8.png Extended Data Figure 2 Figs9.png Extended Data Figure 3 Figs10.png Extended Data Figure 4 Figs11.png Extended Data Figure 5 Figs12.png Extended Data Figure 6 Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-3333486","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":231795733,"identity":"b4d8c711-acf8-4f15-a604-dd962c15e8a6","order_by":0,"name":"Ling 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