Unusual Coexistence of Takayasu's Arteritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Woman: A Case Report

Abstract Takayasu’s arteritis (TA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are distinct autoimmune disorders with similar age and gender predisposition. However, their coexistence is exceedingly rare, and presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Here, we report the case of a 44-year-old female with nodular episcleritis, breathlessness, and palpitations who was ultimately diagnosed with both TA and SLE. The presence of a range of antibodies in various cases underscores the heterogeneity of the disease presentation and the need for comprehensive testing. While many patients with this dual diagnosis experience symptom improvement and complete recovery, some face severe outcomes. In our case, aortic root replacement surgery was planned because of severe aortic regurgitation; however, the patient's condition deteriorated, resulting in death. This case underscores the need for clinicians to recognise and thoroughly evaluate patients with overlapping symptoms of TA and SLE. Although challenging, the coexistence of these autoimmune diseases provides valuable insights into the complexities of autoimmune conditions. Further research and collaboration are essential to advance our understanding and to improve patient outcomes in these complex clinical scenarios.