Nanopore creation in graphene at the nanoscale for water desalination.

Creating nanopores in graphene is a powerful tool for engineering its properties. Nanopores in graphene tune their electrical, optical, magnetic, and mechanical properties. However, controlling nanopores formation at the nanoscale level remains a significant challenge. We report an easy method to control nanopore sizes using argon-plasma magnetron sputtering. By calculating and measuring Raman spectra, we show that the nano-pores in graphene are controllable and size-tunable. Furthermore, we report that the graphene Raman mode around 1450 cm -1 is only due to nanopores and was attributed to the substrate effect. Here, we also propose a novel graphene device-based water filtration. Our proposed concept of two graphene electrodes with nanopores on the substrate (SiC and SiO 2 ) makes it possible to have the highest permeability value, keeping a 100 % salt rejection and improving its mechanical properties. These reported results are essential for developing water desalination membranes based on graphene devices.