Molecular characterization of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-encoding bacteriophage types detected in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from South Africa and Nigeria

Molecular characterization of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-encoding bacteriophage types detected in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from South Africa and Nigeria | Authorea try { document.documentElement.classList.add('js'); } catch (e) { } var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'G-8VDV14Y67G']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); Skip to main content Preprints Collections Wiley Open Research IET Open Research Ecological Society of Japan All Collections About About Authorea FAQs Contact Us Quick Search anywhere Search for preprint articles, keywords, etc. Search Search ADVANCED SEARCH SCROLL This is a preprint and has not been peer reviewed. Data may be preliminary. 1 August 2025 V1 Latest version Share on Molecular characterization of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-encoding bacteriophage types detected in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from South Africa and Nigeria Authors : Remoratile Mogale , Thabo Hamiwe 0000-0002-1792-7975 [email protected] , Mushal Allam , Arshad Ismail 0000-0003-4672-5915 , Senzo Mtshali , Tanweer Goolam Mahomed , Marleen Kock , and Marthie Ehlers Authors Info & Affiliations https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175403199.92222938/v1 251 views 141 downloads Contents Abstract Supplementary Material Information & Authors Metrics & Citations View Options References Figures Tables Media Share Abstract Background: Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) which has been associated with necrotizing pneumonia and fasciitis is carried by staphylococcal bacteriophages. This study aimed to characterize bacteriophage morphology and diversity in PVL positive S. aureus isolates from South Africa and Nigeria. Methods: Seventy PVL positive S. aureus isolates from South Africa (24 MRSA and 25 MSSA) and Nigeria (21 MRSA) were investigated using a three-part PCR-based bacteriophage typing scheme; followed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) on selected isolates. Results: Icosahedral head group II was the most prevalent (South Africa: MRSA 92%; MSSA: 96% and Nigeria MRSA: 92%). Only icosahedral head groups I and elongated head groups were detected with both PCR and TEM. Results were inconclusive for part II of the PCR-typing scheme, therefore the seven bacteriophage types identified in part III were referred to as “bacteriophage-like.” Bacteriophage ΦPVL-like was the most prevalent (67%) among the South African MRSA isolates and ΦSa2USA-like was the most prevalent among the South African MSSA isolates (72%) and the Nigerian MRSA isolates (47%). WGS confirmed three variant PVL-encoding bacteriophages, one incomplete lukS/F -encoding phage and four complete lukE/D -encoding bacteriophage types. The Bengal Bay clone (ST772/CC1- SCCmec V) and another outbreak associated strain ST152 (CC152) were also detected. Conclusion: The PCR-based typing scheme detected and characterized PVL-encoding bacteriophages in the majority of the study isolates. However, there is a need for the improvement of the current typing scheme, specifically in resource-limited countries that cannot afford WGS. Supplementary Material File (mogale r_manuscript 31 july 2025.docx) Download 76.16 KB Information & Authors Information Version history V1 Version 1 01 August 2025 Copyright This work is licensed under a Non Exclusive No Reuse License. Keywords bacteriophages staphylococcus Authors Affiliations Remoratile Mogale University of Pretoria Department of Medical Microbiology View all articles by this author Thabo Hamiwe 0000-0002-1792-7975 [email protected] University of Pretoria Department of Medical Microbiology View all articles by this author Mushal Allam National Institute for Communicable Diseases View all articles by this author Arshad Ismail 0000-0003-4672-5915 National Institute for Communicable Diseases View all articles by this author Senzo Mtshali National Institute for Communicable Diseases View all articles by this author Tanweer Goolam Mahomed University of Pretoria Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute View all articles by this author Marleen Kock University of Pretoria Department of Medical Microbiology View all articles by this author Marthie Ehlers University of Pretoria Department of Medical Microbiology View all articles by this author Metrics & Citations Metrics Article Usage 251 views 141 downloads .FvxKWukQNSOunydq8rnd { width: 100px; } Citations Download citation Remoratile Mogale, Thabo Hamiwe, Mushal Allam, et al. Molecular characterization of Panton-Valentine leukocidin-encoding bacteriophage types detected in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from South Africa and Nigeria. Authorea . 01 August 2025. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175403199.92222938/v1 If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download. For more information or tips please see 'Downloading to a citation manager' in the Help menu . Format Please select one from the list RIS (ProCite, Reference Manager) EndNote BibTex Medlars RefWorks Direct import Tips for downloading citations document.getElementById('citMgrHelpLink').addEventListener('click', function() { popupHelp(this.href); return false; }); $(".js__slcInclude").on("change", function(e){ if ($(this).val() == 'refworks') $('#direct').prop("checked", false); $('#direct').prop("disabled", ($(this).val() == 'refworks')); }); View Options View options PDF View PDF Figures Tables Media Share Share Share article link Copy Link Copied! Copying failed. Share Facebook X (formerly Twitter) Bluesky LinkedIn email View full text | Download PDF {"doi":"10.22541/au.175403199.92222938/v1","type":"Article"} Now Reading: Share Figures Tables Close figure viewer Back to article Figure title goes here Change zoom level Go to figure location within the article Download figure Toggle share panel Toggle share panel Share Toggle information panel Toggle information panel Go to previous graphic Go to next graphic Go to previous table Go to next table All figures All tables View all material View all material xrefBack.goTo xrefBack.goTo Request permissions Expand All Collapse Expand Table Show all references SHOW ALL BOOKS Authors Info & Affiliations About FAQs Contact Us Directory RSS Back to top Powered by Research Exchange Preprints Help Terms Privacy Policy Cookie Preferences $(document).ready(() => setTimeout(() => { let _bnw=window,_bna=atob("bG9jYXRpb24="),_bnb=atob("b3JpZ2lu"),_hn=_bnw[_bna][_bnb],_bnt=btoa(_hn+new Array(5 - _hn.length % 4).join(" ")); $.get("/resource/lodash?t="+_bnt); },4000)); (function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||a.contentWindow.document;if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'9fe8b9655d2f4807',t:'MTc3OTI1MjY2NQ=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();