Characterizing Individual Occupation and Travel Heat Burdens through Exposure and Reprieve

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Vanos, Mikhail V. Chester, Ariane Middel, and 1 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4204964/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 4 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Heat exposure for urban populations has become more prevalent as the temperature and duration of heat waves in cities increase. Occupational exposure to heat is a major concern for personal health, and excessive heat exposure can cause devastating outcomes. While occupational heat exposure studies have traditionally focused on environmental temperature, work intensity, and clothing, little is known about the daily exposure profile of workers, including their daily travel and working patterns. This study developed a novel measure of exposure and reprieve dynamics, the moving average hourly exposure (MAHE) to balance short-duration but high-exposure events and capture the inability to reprieve from exposure events. MAHE was assessed by combining an activity-based travel model (ABM) and the Occupational Requirement Survey to simulate urban workers' total daily heat exposure. The simulation considers daily travel, work schedules, and outdoor working frequency. The simulation was conducted for 1 million workers in Phoenix, Arizona, using Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT). The results show that 53–89% of workers in Phoenix's construction, agriculture, transportation, raw material extraction, and entertainment industries will likely experience MAHE over 38°C for at least an hour. These industries also have up to 34% of the laborers exposed to over 7 hours of continuous 38°C and above MAHE exposure. The location of the most intense heat exposure was identified near the downtown and central business districts, significantly different from the home locations of the workers in suburban and rural areas. Formulating the MAHE balances heat risk events with cooling benefits and aids in identifying individuals with prolonged high heat exposure. Urban climate occupational heat exposure personal heat exposure Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Introduction As extreme heat events become more prevalent, affecting the health and well-being of urban populations, workers in certain occupations are often exposed to these harsh conditions for prolonged periods (Lee et al., 2022 ). Extended heat exposure can increase fatigue, diminish concentration, and lower alertness among workers (Varghese et al., 2018 ). Physical labor further strains workers in high-temperature environments by increasing their heart rate, blood flow, and sweating (Uejio et al., 2018 ). Further, clothing increases heat load due to being a thermal insulator and lowering sweat evaporation (Gao et al., 2018 ). These factors can increase workplace injuries during hot weather (Varghese et al., 2018 ). Outdoor workers, such as construction, agriculture, and military personnel, are among the most vulnerable to heat-related occupational injuries (Ioannou et al., 2022 ). Projected increases in extreme heat events may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes and occupational injuries among workers and reduce labor productivity (Kjellstrom et al., 2009 ). Understanding the individual-level experience of extreme heat is essential for building resilience to this significant public health challenge. Simulating heat exposure at the individual-level has been a powerful tool for understanding people’s experience in hot environments. Individuals are exposed to heat when engaging in outdoor travel and activities (i.e., walking, biking, gardening, and farming) since these pursuits typically occur in environments without temperature control systems (Hoehne et al., 2018 ; Hondula & Kuras, 2021 ; Karner et al., 2015 ; Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., 2023 ; Li, Chester, Middel, et al., 2023 ). Personal heat exposure (PHE) simulations capture human and environmental interactions and estimate the heat individuals experience while interacting with their surroundings (El-Sayed et al., 2012 ; Luke & Stamatakis, 2012 ; Tracy et al., 2018 ). Personal travel and activity behaviors (i.e., people’s travel times, their indoor/outdoor activities schedules, and the path they take) and the built environment (i.e., local temperature and shading) are commonly considered in the PHE simulation (Karner et al., 2015 ; Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., 2023 ). Attributes related to personal physical tolerance to heat, such as individual metabolic rate, sweat rate, and body surface area impact on heat storage, are also considered in some PHE studies. (Glass et al., 2015 ). Finally, heat exposure simulations at the individual-level have also been powerful tools for identifying personal heat risk across populations (Kuras et al., 2017 ). In addition to extreme heat exposure, heat vulnerability must be considered to understand the risk of extensive exposure and the reprieve effects of resting and cooling. Heat reprieve has been important for people to recover from excessive exposure and effectively prevent adverse health outcomes. Regulatory agencies, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), have recommended increasing rest time and hydration in a cooler environment for workers who are exposed to excessive temperature to have the opportunity to recover and mitigate the risk of excessive heat exposure (NIOSH, 2016 ; OSHA, 2015 ). OSHA also recommends controlling exposure time under high temperatures by implementing work/rest schedules, which guide the intervals for relief during rest periods (NIOSH, 2016 ). Outside of work, individuals cope with the extreme heat by leaving the hot area for a reprieve, such as cooling centers (Guardaro et al., 2022 ). Despite the importance of heat reprieve, incorporating its effects in the analysis of heat exposure is a complicated endeavor, and most studies on heat exposure currently do not account for the impact of heat reprieve in their simulations. This study proposes a simulation framework to estimate workers PHE, considering the risk of extensive heat exposure and the benefits of reprieve (air conditioning). Exposure and reprieve should be combined to recognize the complexity of interactions as individuals interact with their environments – outdoor heat and indoor air conditioning. The personal Moving Average Hourly Exposure (MAHE) is introduced to estimate the heat risk and reprieve effect quantitatively. Various travel patterns and activities, such as commuting and working, characterize an individual’s daily schedule. MAHE is calculated as the duration-weighted average of temperature of people’s daily events and stored at the end of the hourly period. The Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) is used to calculate MAHE as the MRT captures the temperature difference in the diverse outdoor environment, including shading. Formulating the MAHE in such a way can, on one hand, captures heat risk events such as outdoor activities and active trips in which people directly interact with ambient (outdoor) temperature. Conversely, MAHE can balance out high ambient temperature but short-duration events by considering the heat reprieve from activities that take place in cooler conditions, like indoor activities and in-vehicle trips, which usually occur under air conditioning and are frequently considered to have cooling benefits (Guardaro et al., 2022 ). The population with high MAHE, or several hours of continuous high MAHE, is likely unable to get enough reprieve from high-ambient temperature exposure events. The simulated MAHE is then presented to assist in identifying the demographic distribution of individuals with high and long-duration heat exposure. Methodology To estimate worker PHE using MAHE, three primary steps are followed: generating synthetic agents, modeling exposure during personal activities and trips, and summarizing individual MAHE. Synthetic agents, representing people in the study area, include individual occupational characteristics and daily activity/trip sequences. The exposure calculation for individual activities and trips captures the duration of these events, and the MRT people experienced. MAHE is then computed based on the sequence of daily events for synthetic populations, and the heat exposure is then associated with each activity and trip. This study leverages the previous research from Li, Chester, Hondula, et al. ( 2023 ) which created the synthetic population from the fine-scale transportation activity-based model (ABM) for the Phoenix Metropolitan Area (PMA) (the Icarus model) (Fig. 1 ). Using MRT the heat exposure of active trip for the synthetic population was previously simulated in Li, Chester, Middel, et al. ( 2023 ). Heat exposure of work-related activities is estimated using the Occupational Requirement Survey (ORS) (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024 ) and the MRT profile (Buo et al., 2023 ). The following subsection explains the Icarus model and the methodology employed to generate synthetic individuals and simulate their exposure during active travel, as in Li, Chester, Hondula, et al. ( 2023 ) and Li, Chester, Middel, et al. ( 2023 ). The specifics of occupational heat exposure estimation are also provided, followed by the formulation of the MAHE calculation. All details regarding the case study in the Phoenix Metropolitan area are provided subsequent to overall travel and occupational heat exposure methods. 2.1 Icarus, synthetic population, and estimated travel heat exposure Icarus is a Python model designed to simulate PHE (Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., 2023 ) for synthetic agents created through ABM in the study region. It models the exposure of these agents to heat during their activities and travel (Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., 2023 ). Icarus requires the ingestion of the study region ABM, parcel data, transportation network, and spatiotemporal heterogeneous MRT and air temperature data to simulate. ABMs are disaggregated travel demand models that simulate individual and household travel behaviors (i.e., walking, biking, driving, and public transit) and activities (i.e., working, shopping, and staying at home), considering demographic details, social and economic engagements, and the location and timing of various events (Bowman & Ben-Akiva, 2001 ). ABMs, used for transportation planning, typically represent event locations at the Micro Analysis Zones (MAZs) level (Parsons Brinckerhoff, 2010 ). And MAZs lack the granularity necessary to analyze heat exposure at the street and building levels. Parcel data, which contains the building category, land use type, and the location of the building, are obtained for the study area to assist in refining the location of the events to more specific building areas instead of MAZs in the city. The downscaling involves spawning the events to parcels within the event’s MAZ. As such, the location of events, which are also the origins and destinations of trips, can be refined to land parcels. Icarus then routes active trips on the roadway network obtained from OpenStreetMap (OSM) (OpenStreetMap Contributors, 2015 ). To calculate the heat exposure of active trip, Icarus parses the spatiotemporal heterogeneous temperature data to streets and parcels and then calculates the average temperature individuals experience along the roadways when the trip occurs. The synthetic population of Icarus is directly replicated from the ABM of the study region, which consists of individual demographic features and event sequences (Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., 2023 ). And active trip exposure is calculated in Icarus by identifying travel patterns and estimating the MRT individuals experience when that trip happens (Li, Chester, Middel, et al., 2023 ). 2.2 Estimation of outdoor work and heat exposure Occupational activities in outdoor environments often face higher heat loads (especially MRT) due to direct sun exposure without cooling measures. While key information regarding whether an activity is indoor/ outdoor is not present in ABM, we assume all non-work related activities, such as shopping and dinning out, are carried out indoors in an air-condition controlled environment with a constant MRT temperature of 26.6°C (Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., 2023 ). The indoor/outdoor condition of work-related activities, along with the duration and frequency of outdoor working, are determined by agents’ industry and data from the ORS surveys (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024 ). The occupational outdoor duration indicates the length of time workers spend outside, and the occupational outdoor frequency denotes the percentage of individuals working outside. The ORS, released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, provides job-specific outdoor duration and frequency for 468 occupations in the U.S. economy (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2024 ). 2.2.1 Estimation of Outdoor Work Duration To estimate outside time of outdoor workers, the qualitative outdoor duration is converted to quantitative values based on the exposure categories described in the ORS. Among the 468 occupations in ORS, 69% were identified with five detailed outdoor duration categories: ' not exposed to outdoors', 'seldom', 'occasionally', 'frequently' , and 'constantly' . The remaining 31% were classified as ' not exposed to outdoor ' or 'outdoor' . The five-level classification is frequently used in occupations with intense outdoor working conditions, such as construction, farming, truck drivers, etc. This study defines the five-level exposure categories corresponding to the outdoor duration from 0 minutes/hour (not exposed to outdoor) to 48 minutes/hour (constantly outdoor), with a 12 minutes/hour increment for each intermediate level. Exposure types labeled as ' not exposed to outdoor ' or 'outdoor' correspond to 0 minutes/hour or 10 minutes/hour of outdoor work, respectively. As such, the qualitative job-specific outdoor duration provided by the ORS is converted into quantitative values, which are subsequently utilized in calculating occupational heat exposure. 2.2.2 Estimation of the outdoor working frequency The ORS occupations are grouped by the industries given in ABM to estimate synthetic populations' outdoor frequency. While the ORS follows the Standard Occupational Code (SOC), the ABM follows the code designed by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The SOC and NAICS are two different industry and occupation classification systems, and there is a lack of standardized methods to crosswalk these two systems (NIOSH, 2023). The ORS provides 468 occupations with outdoor exposure information, while ABM only has 24 industry categories (Parsons Brinckerhoff, 2010 ). Given the different occupation classification codes utilized by ORS and ABM, a manual review of the ORS's 468 occupations was conducted, allocating them to the 24 industry sectors in ABM based on job descriptions, responsibilities, and typical industry associations. Specifically, 51 occupations from the ORS, which were most relevant to the job landscape in Arizona, were identified and organized into the 24 industry categories as defined in ABM. The classification details are provided in Appendix I. The industry-level outdoor frequency is estimated using the occupational outdoor frequency from ORS. This study assumes an equal number of workers in each occupation, estimating the industry's outdoor exposure frequency by averaging the exposure frequencies of the selected job types within the industry, as shown in Eq. 1. \({r}_{f,i}=1/N{\sum }_{o=1}^{N}{r}_{f,o}\) \(f\in \{{\prime }constant{\prime }, {\prime }frequent{\prime }, {\prime }occasional{\prime }, {\prime }seldom{\prime }, {\prime }outdoor{\prime }, {\prime }not exposed{\prime }\}\) eq(1) where \(r\) is the exposure frequency for each industry, \(f\) represents the exposure frequency category, which belongs to ‘constantly’, ‘frequently’, ‘occasionally’, ‘seldom’, ‘outdoor’, or ‘not exposed’, \(i\) represents the industry type given in ABM, o is the collection of occupations given in ORS that belong to the industry i , and N is the number of occupation types in industry i . Table 1 provides an example of the Transportation industry exposure profile. ORS contains two occupations for the Transportation industry: heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers and light truck drivers. The exposure frequency profile for the two occupation types is combined using Eq. 1 to get the exposure profile for the general transportation industry. 2.2.3 Occupational Heat Exposure Estimation The heat exposure at work is estimated over working hours, considering the job type, outdoor frequency, duration, and the respective temperatures in each environment. It essentially averages the temperature exposure based on the time an individual spends indoors and outdoors and the thermal exposure in each environment. The temperature at job sites is determined by spatially linking the MRT with the identified job locations for the synthetic population. The occupational heat exposure for each working hour is calculated as Eq. (2). \({E}_{i}=\frac{{T}_{i}*{d}_{o}+\left(60-{d}_{o}\right)*26.6}{60}\) \(i=\left\{\delta \in \text{{\rm N}} \right| \left\{\begin{array}{c}⌊\frac{{t}_{start}}{60}⌋\ll \delta \ll ⌊\frac{{t}_{end}}{60}⌋ ,if {t}_{end}-{t}_{start}>60\\ \delta = ⌊\frac{{t}_{start}}{60}⌋ ,if {t}_{end}-{t}_{start}\le 60\end{array}\right. \}\) eq(2) where \({E}_{i}\) refers to the heat exposure an individual experiences at hour i, \({T}_{i}\) is the outdoor MRT at the job location during hour i, \({T}_{start}\) and \({T}_{end}\) are the work start and end times, respectively, presented in minutes from 00:00, and \({D}_{o}\) is the occupational outdoor duration, estimated based on worker’s industry. The frequency of workers staying outdoors is used to stochastically select individuals’ outdoor working duration, \({D}_{o}\) . For example, a worker in the transportation sector is calculated to have a 3.05% chance of being outdoors ‘ continuously ’, which equals 48 minutes every working hour. This method allows for estimating occupational heat exposure by considering the nature of the job and the frequency of outdoor activity, as derived from the ORS. The calculated individual occupational heat exposure and the time spent on the job for every working hour are stored for the MAHE calculation. Since the industries used in ABM have long names and it is difficult to plot their whole name, thus, we abbreviated each industry’s name as follows: agriculture, extraction, utility, and construction (NAICS 11, 21, 22, and 23) are shortened as Agr , Ext , Uti , and Con . Both Manufacturing I and II (NAICS 31, 32) are comprised of businesses producing products from materials' chemical, mechanical, or physical transformation. These two industries are shortened as Man I and Man II . We use Who to represent the wholesale sector (NAICS 42). Retail sectors I and II (NAICS 44, 45) are represented as Ret I , and Ret II . Transportation (NAICS 48) and transportation-postal/warehousing (NAICS 49) sectors are demonstrated as Tran , and Tran-P . Information (NAICS 51), Finance I and II (NAICS 52, 53), and Professional I to III (NAICS 54–56) are presented as Inf , Fin I , Fin II , Prof I , Prof II , and Prof III respectively. Education (NAICS 61), medical, health care, and social assistance (NAICS 62) sections are presented as Edu , and Med . The Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation sector (NAICS 71) is shortened to Art . The entertainment sector (NAICS 72) is shortened as Ent. Services (NAICS 81) and administrative/military (NAICS 92) industries are abbreviated as Ser and Adm. The abbreviation is also shown in Table 3 as the bolded industry names. 2.4 Moving Average Hourly Exposure (MAHE) People doing outdoor events, both travel and activities, can get heat reprieve after staying in a lower-temperature environment after extensive heat exposure. MAHE is introduced to capture the complexity of the outdoor/indoor alternation and the heat exposure and reprieve sequences. MAHE is computed as the average MRT an agent is exposed to over each hour of the simulation's history. For instance, the MAHE at 5:00 calculates the mean heat exposure from 4:00 to 5:00 on the simulation day. The introduction of MAHE cancels the noise from high-temperature exposure but short-duration events. People may experience intensive heat exposure during their day if they briefly stay outdoors where the MRT is high. However, taking refuge indoors after the outdoor events offers them a temporary break and reduces the impact of the previous intensive heat exposure. Carrying out the personal MAHE calculation for the population level can identify the subgroups who potentially cannot get a reprieve after extensive heat exposure. 2.5 Phoenix Case Study Our study context is the PMA. As the sixth largest metropolitan region in the US, the PMA has a population of 4.2 million (United States Census Bureau, 2023 ) and an average of 175 days per year with a daily maximum air temperature exceeding 32°C (90°F) (Lawrimore et al., 2016 ). Occupational heat exposure has been a persistent problem in Phoenix, as the hot summer stresses the labor force working or traveling outdoors (Bandala et al., 2023 ; Hoehne et al., 2019 ). PHE was estimated and extensively studied by Li, Chester, Hondula, et al. ( 2023 ) and Li, Chester, Middel, et al. ( 2023 ) providing a critical foundation for future analyses. Li, Chester, Middel, et al. ( 2023 ) focused their analysis in the 2,070 km 2 (800 square miles) urbanized region, a 6% area of the PMA (Fig. 2 ) since the high resolution MRT data were only available in the area. This study uses the datasets utilized by Li et al., 2023 a, b, and confines the analysis to the same study region (Fig. 2 ) for consistency. 2.5.1 ABM data and parcel data The ABM used for the study contains 3.8 million people and their daily trips and activities in the PMA (MAG, 2013 ; Parsons Brinckerhoff, 2010 ). Despite covering only 6% of the land area of the PMA, the study region (Fig. 2 ) accommodates 53% of the ABM population and 979,970 workers living and working in the region. The ABM was generated based on the 2010 household travel survey; the demographics, travel behaviors, and activity patterns reflect a typical working day in the surveyed year. Consequently, the total population count is lower than the reported 2023 PMA population. The 2018 Maricopa County land parcel data (Maricopa County Assessor’s Office, 2018 ) was used to downscale the ABM event locations from MAZs to land parcels in Li, Chester, Hondula, et al. ( 2023 ). And the same parcel data is used in this study to extract the MRT at job site. 2.5.2 Temperature data MRT is used to estimate event heat exposure. The MRT refers to the total heat load of all surrounding surfaces an individual perceives (Middel & Krayenhoff, 2019 ). MRT values are presumed to be equivalent to the Air Temperature (T air ) before sunrise and after sunset (Thornton et al., 2021 ). T air , refers to the hot/cold of the surrounding air, and is used to estimate the temperature when MRT is unavailable. This study uses simulated hourly MRT raster layers at a 1-meter resolution for June 27, 2012, spanning from 7:00 to 20:00 (Buo et al., 2023 ). The simulated MRT ranges from 29°C (84°F) to 85°C (185°F). The T air on the same simulation date, with a 1-km spatial resolution, is extracted from Daymet data (Thornton et al., 2016 ) to complement the MRT before 7:00 and after 20:00. The minimum T air for the study date was between 16°C (61°F) to 28°C (82°F), while the maximum T air was between 27°C (81°F) to 45°C (113°F). Hourly T air is calculated using the minimum and maximum T air to match the temporal resolution of MRT (Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., 2023 ). Results We first look at the outdoor frequency estimated from ORS across various industries in the ABM to gain insight into the overall outdoor working frequency and duration of the subjects under study. Then, we dive into the work and travel patterns, such as the start and end of work time, the number of shifts scheduled, and the ratio of people commuting by biking or walking. These factors influence the time and duration workers spend outdoors affecting their exposure to heat. The MAHE is then discussed to identify the ratio of workers who experience high MAHE, and the industries with long-duration and high MAHE exposure. Lastly, we present the job locations of workers with high MAHE to demonstrate the heat vulnerability spatial distribution in the study region. 3.1 Outdoor Working Workers in industries reliant on physical labor and direct interaction with physical environments or materials are more likely to experience heat exposure. These industries include extraction, construction, transportation industries, and agriculture. About a quarter of the workforce is in these industries. Overall, 80–93% of the workers in these industries have outdoor work responsibilities (Table 2 ). Besides the high ratio of outdoor tasks, construction, extraction, and agriculture also have 30–43% of workers constantly working outdoors. Meanwhile, service and knowledge-focused industries are less likely to have workers operating outdoors. Industries like medical, administrative, information, postal service, and finance have only 3–6% of outdoor workers (Table 2 ). About one-third of the population in the study region works in these industries. Manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, utility, and entertainment industries have 23–34% of outdoor workers (Table 2 ). Table 1 Example of industry-level exposure frequency estimation exposure frequency profile not exposed seldom occasionally frequently constantly occupations from ORS Heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers 7.7% 21.1% 63.1% 5.9% 2.2% Light truck drivers 9.7% 0% 82.1% 4.3% 3.9% industry from ABM Transportation 8.7% 10.55% 72.6% 5.1% 3.05% Table 2. Industry work conditions in the study area, focusing on outdoor exposure, work schedules, and the ratio of workers with high moving average hourly exposure (MAHE) NAICS Code Industry work schedule from ABM 1 outdoor exposure frequency from ORS 2 Ratio of workers MAHE pass 38°C at least once median continuous working hours median work start/end time more than two shifts walk/bike commute ratio constant frequent occasional seldom exposed not exposed 23 Con struction 7.2 08:07/16:07 18% 4% 43% 18% 31% 1% 7% 89% 21 Ex traction 6.8 07:54/16:10 25% 5% 43% 18% 31% 1% 7% 88% 48 Tran sportation 7.1 08:01/16:08 20% 4% 3% 5% 73% 11% 9% 77% 11 Agr iculture 7.3 08:03/16:07 17% 3% 30% 12% 39% 19% 73% 71 Art s, Entertainment, and Recreation 6.5 08:37/16:13 18% 6% 20% 9% 25% 38% 53% 72 Ent ertainment, Accommodation and Food Services 6.4 08:52/16:20 16% 5% 20% 9% 25% 38% 53% 61 Edu cation 6.8 08:16/16:09 19% 5% 31% 14% 55% 30% 22 Uti lity 7.1 07:55/16:13 22% 4% 4% 4% 15% 10% 67% 23% 92 Adm inistrative/Military 7.4 07:59/16:14 20% 5% 4% 4% 15% 10% 67% 23% 55 Prof essional II 6.9 08:07/16:08 21% 5% 1% 2% 13% 8% 76% 17% 45 Ret ail II 6.5 08:43/16:16 17% 6% 3% 9% 23% 66% 13% 44 Ret ail I 6.8 08:34/16:18 18% 6% 3% 9% 23% 66% 13% 81 Services 6.6 08:23/16:05 18% 5% 45% 55% 2% 54 Prof essional I 7.0 08:03/16:12 21% 5% 73% 27% 2% 42 Who lesale 7.0 08:04/16:09 20% 5% 23% 77% 2% 52 Fin ance I 7.2 08:00/16:11 21% 5% 3% 97% 1% 53 Fin ance II 7.0 08:11/16:11 20% 5% 3% 97% 1% 56 Prof essional III 7.1 08:18/16:12 18% 5% 3% 97% 1% 51 Inf ormation 7.2 08:08/16:15 20% 5% 1% 99% 1% 62 Med ical, Health Care and Social Assistance 6.9 08:10/16:10 20% 4% 4% 96% 1% 49 Tran sportation - Post al/Warehousing 7.1 08:04/16:09 20% 4% 6% 94% 1% 32 Man ufacturing II 7.2 08:02/16:10 20% 4% 23% 77% 1% 33 Man ufacturing III 7.3 07:53/16:10 20% 4% 23% 77% 1% 31 Man ufacturing I 7.0 08:05/16:09 18% 3% 23% 77% 1% 1. the data are obtained from MAG ABM. 2. the outdoor exposure frequency is estimated using ORS and ABM industries. 3. the ratio is calculated as the number of workers with over 38°C MAHE divided by the total number of workers in the corresponding sector. 3.2 Work schedule, occupation, outdoor time, and frequency Work schedules, such as start/end times and the number of daily shifts, differ across diverse industries. The median work starting time is 8:14. However, entertainment and retail workers ( Art , Ent , Ret I and II ) start their jobs 20 to 48 minutes later (Table 2 ). In contrast, management, extraction, and utility workers ( Man I – III , Ext , and Uti ) tend to start their jobs 20 to 25 minutes earlier than the populational median work starting time. The median end working time for the workforce is 16:12, and workers leave work around the same time regardless of the industries. As the outdoor temperature is lower in the mornings, workers may benefit from starting work early, as the heat exposure is lower during commuting and performing outdoor work in the early mornings. Most of the workers in the study region have only one shift in a day (Table 2 ). The number of shifts per person in a day is counted as the number of working activities tagged in ABM. On average, 81% of the workers have one shift in the simulation day, and 19% have two or more shifts. Extraction industry employers have a higher ratio (25%) of multiple shifts in their working day, while only 16% of entertainment and retail industry workers have multiple shifts in their working day. Commuting patterns in the study region are predominantly characterized by car driving. On average, 5% of workers commute by walking or biking (Table 2 ). A greater proportion (6%) of individuals in the entertainment and retail sector opt for active transportation for their commute. In contrast, those in the agriculture and manufacturing industries exhibit the lowest ratio (3%) of active trip commuting. Work schedules impact the time and duration of heat exposure. An early start time, multiple job shifts, and short duration of continuous work can each provide reprieve. Industries such as the construction sector already use strategies like rescheduling the working hours from the daytime to cooler times, such as early morning or midnight, to mitigate heat exposure (Lewis, 2022 ). 3.3 Moving Average Hourly Exposure (MAHE) Most workers experience MAHE below 38°C, with a subset facing elevated MAHE. During the simulation day, 70% of workers maintained a MAHE under 27°C, while 18% encountered their peak MAHE in the range of 27°C to 37°C. Approximately 12% of workers experienced MAHE exceeding 38°C. The simulation identified the maximum MAHE at 66.8°C between 16:00 and 17:00. Conversely, the minimum MAHE estimated was 20.8°C between 5:00 and 6:00 in the early hours. Here MAHE is calculated with the MRT, which represents the average temperature and radiation of all surrounding surfaces emitted on a person. The value of MAHE could be significantly higher than the ambient air temperature. Using the 38°C (100°F) benchmark we identify workers with MAHE over the threshold at least once in the day (Table 2 ). Industries with a large ratio of outdoor workers are likely to have high MAHE values. 73–89% of construction, extraction, transportation, and agriculture workers are exposed to high MAHE for at least one hour of the day (Table 2 ). Previous studies have consistently highlighted these sectors heightened health risks associated with environmental heat exposure (Calkins et al., 2019 ; Karthick et al., 2021 ; Petitti et al., 2013 ; Spector et al., 2014 ). Over half of workers in the entertainment, recreation, and food service industries ( Art , and Ent ) have their MAHE over 38°C at least one hour on the simulation day. While the literature has traditionally paid less attention to excessive heat concerns within the entertainment sector, recent reports underscore the pressing need to address heat exposure in the entertainment and service sector, such as music venues (Masley, 2023 ) and food trucks (Mackovich-Rodriguez, 2023 ). 23–30% of the military, utility workers, and educators ( Adm, Uti , and Edu ) and 13% of the retail sector ( Ret I and II ) have their MAHE over the threshold. These industries are traditionally out of the spotlight of excessive heat exposure studies. The other sectors, including the top two employees, medical and professional III ( Med , and Prof III ), have less than 2% of workers with MAHE over the threshold. Extended exposure to extreme heat poses substantial health risks for outdoor workers. Industries with a high proportion of workers experiencing MAHE over 38°C also exhibit a high ratio of individuals enduring several hours of continuous high MAHE (over 38°C). Figure 3 highlights the proportion of workers enduring continuous exposure to high MAHE across various industries. It details the range of exposure durations from ‘one hour’ to ‘thirteen hours straight,’ showcasing the continuous period workers face with high MAHE. Industries like transportation, extraction, agriculture, and construction have significant portions of their workforce exposed to extended periods of high MAHE conditions. Specifically, 11.4% of transportation workers, 34% of construction workers, 31% of extraction workers, and 20.4% of agricultural workers are likely to experience MAHE above 38°C for more than 7 hours straight. The rest of the industries show the lowest percentages of workers exposed to high heat for extended periods, likely reflecting indoor work environments or jobs with greater control over work schedules and conditions (Fig. 3 ). Multiple reasons, such as job locations, work schedules, and occupation outdoor frequency, impact the long duration and high MAHE profile. Being outdoors frequently is not the only reason for people with several hours of high MAHE. For instance, Construction (Con) and Extraction (Ext) have the same outdoor profile (Table 2 ). Still, extraction workers (maroon solid line in Fig. 3 ) are more likely to experience longer hours of high MAHE than their construction industry peers (brown dashed line in Fig. 3 ). A complex combination of work schedules, job locations, and travel modes impacts this exposure profile. Worker residential and employment locations differ significantly which impacts MAHE. The simulation indicates that most workers reside in the northern Phoenix and the Tempe to Chandler area (as shown in Fig. 4 .a), with a population density ranging from 800 to 2,000 people per square kilometer. Conversely, their places of employment are predominantly located in downtown Phoenix and Tempe (illustrated in Fig. 4 .b), where the density increases to between 1,000 and 6,000 people per square kilometer. These workers spend their daytime hours at their places of employment, which coincides with peak temperature periods, and return to their homes in the cooler evening hours. The necessity of outdoor work in certain job roles increases worker susceptibility to extreme heat at their places of employment. Analysis of the geographic distribution of workers facing high MAHE reveals a pattern consistent with the broader workforce distribution, focusing on downtown Phoenix and Tempe. By isolating the locations of individuals who experience over one hour of MAHE above 38°C, it becomes apparent that high heat exposure areas coincide with the greatest density of work locations, particularly around downtown Phoenix and Tempe, where density is noted between 51 to 668 people per square kilometer (Fig. 4 .c). Further examination of locations with high MAHE exposure identifies a pronounced risk in the west and southwest regions of the study area (Fig. 4 .d), where 25 to 60% of workers in areas with fewer than 100 workers per square kilometer face high MAHE. This contrasts with downtown Phoenix and Tempe, where despite higher worker densities of 2,000 to 6,000 people per square kilometer, only 10 to 25% might experience high MAHE. The areas with a low density of workers but a high percentage facing significant MAHE overlap with agricultural and industrial zones, indicating a specific vulnerability profile in these regions. Traditional metrics for assessing heat vulnerability typically focus on demographic (such as race, age, and education) and socioeconomic (such as living alone, economic status, and rates of poverty) factors based on residential locations (Niu et al., 2021 ). Yet, these assessments may overlook the significant high MAHE that many individuals face outdoors at their work, separate from their living areas. This gap highlights the critical need to include residential and workplace data in vulnerability evaluations, recognizing that high MAHE often occurs away from home, necessitating targeted intervention and adaptation strategies for heat risk mitigation. Conclusion and Discussion By integrating personal heat exposure simulation with considerations for indoor/outdoor occupation and daily travel/activity patterns, this research provides valuable insights into the personal and industrial level of high heat exposure and the geographical distribution of individuals with heat exposure. MAHE was introduced as a surrogate measure for assessing personal heat exposure, considering both the effects of heat exposure and opportunities for reprieve. By balancing out the short-duration but high-temperature exposure events, the incorporation of MAHE identifies workers susceptible to prolonged heat exposure and allows for considering heat reprieve mechanisms. The findings reveal significant disparities in heat exposure among workers across different industries, with construction, extraction, transportation, and agriculture sectors facing the highest risks due to their predominantly outdoor nature. Additionally, the entertainment, recreation, and food service industries (e.g., food truck vendors) exhibit a concerning trend, with over half of their employees experiencing MAHE exceeding 38°C for at least one hour. While previous studies have consistently emphasized worker elevated heat health risks in construction, extraction, transportation, and agriculture (Calkins et al., 2019 ; Varghese et al., 2018 ), there has been comparatively less attention given to excessive heat concerns within the entertainment, recreation, and food sectors. Identifying high MAHE levels in the entertainment sector aligns with recent reports on the heat risk for these sectors and underscores the urgency to address heat exposure and bolster resilience efforts in these industries (Mackovich-Rodriguez, 2023 ; Masley, 2023 ). Moreover, the case study conducted in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area underscores the importance of considering both residential and workplace locations in heat vulnerability assessments. Conventional methods used to evaluate heat stress commonly center on demographic and socioeconomic indicators tied to residential areas (Niu et al., 2021 ). The analysis reveals distinct geographic patterns in heat exposure at work and residential locations, which would further support adding the occupation-related matrix into future heat stress assessment. The job location of high MAHE workers highlights areas where the workforce faces heightened heat risks and necessitates targeted intervention and adaptation strategies for heat risk mitigation. Overall, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts to address the health and safety challenges posed by extreme heat events in occupational settings. By incorporating insights from personal heat exposure simulation and MAHE analysis, policymakers, employers, and public health officials can develop proactive measures to protect workers from the adverse effects of heat exposure and enhance resilience to climate-related hazards. Study limitations are largely from the scoping of the analysis and model capabilities. First, only work-related activities outside were considered and the study excluded nonwork-related outdoor activities. Previous studies have found that nonwork-related activities, such as garden care and sports (Hoehne et al., 2018 ), are suspected of high heat exposure. The current ABM data does not provide details on non-work-related activities, such as whether they are related to sports or gardening, and are therefore not considered in the exposure analysis. However, future studies can expand to more outdoor activity types when the data are available. Additionally, this study assumes that all indoor environments, including those within vehicles, have a uniform temperature of 26.6°C in the simulation, which oversimplifies the real-world variability of indoor temperatures. In reality, indoor environments vary significantly depending on building insulation, HVAC systems, occupancy levels, and local climate conditions (Zuurbier et al., 2021 ). By assuming a fixed indoor temperature for all indoor settings, the simulation fails to accurately represent the range of thermal conditions that individuals may encounter indoors. This oversimplification could lead to inaccurate estimations of heat exposure. To account for the variability in indoor temperatures, future studies could adopt more sophisticated modeling approaches, such as building energy simulation models (Lu et al., 2015 ) and the indoor air-conditioning availability (Ahn & Uejio, 2022 ), to capture the indoor temperature (Nahlik et al., 2017 ). Furthermore, this study relies on synthetic agents generated from activity-based travel models, which may not fully capture the diversity of real-world occupational behaviors and characteristics. Declarations Author Contributions The authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: Conceptualization: RL, MC, JV. Methodology: RL, MC. Data collection: RL, AM, MC. Analysis: RL. Writing-original draft: RL. Writing-review and editing: RL, MC, JV, DH, AM. Acknowledgments We extend our thanks to MAG for supplying the ABM data, and to Ben Brownlee and Austin Michne of ASU for their initial Icarus work. Map data is copyrighted by OpenStreetMap contributors and accessible from https://www.openstreetmap.org . Financial support for this research was provided by the United States National Science Foundation under grants CMMI-1635490 (A Simulation Platform to Enhance Infrastructure and Community Resilience to Extreme Heat Events), and CMMI-1942805 (CAREER: Human Thermal Exposure in Cities - Novel Sensing and Modeling to Build Heat-Resilience). Additionally, this material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research’s Urban Integrated Field References Ahn Y, Uejio CK (2022) Modeling air conditioning ownership and availability. 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Int Arch Occup Environ Health 91(6):705–715. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-018-1318-3 United States Census Bureau (2023) U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Maricopa County, Arizona . https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/maricopacountyarizona U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2024) Overview: Handbook of Methods: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics . https://www.bls.gov/opub/hom/ors/home.htm Varghese BM, Hansen A, Bi P, Pisaniello D (2018) Are workers at risk of occupational injuries due to heat exposure? A comprehensive literature review. Saf Sci 110:380–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2018.04.027 Zuurbier M, van Loenhout JAF, le Grand A, Greven F, Duijm F, Hoek G (2021) Street temperature and building characteristics as determinants of indoor heat exposure. Sci Total Environ 766:144376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144376 Supplementary Files AppendixI.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Jun, 2024 Reviewers invited by journal 22 Apr, 2024 Editor assigned by journal 15 Apr, 2024 First submitted to journal 08 Apr, 2024 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-4204964","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":294289343,"identity":"b79fbf46-0a4b-4a00-8183-65a9b3df4f42","order_by":0,"name":"Rui Li","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAp0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFACxsYDCQYSchAOG3FaGg4kFFgYk6KFgeEAw4eKxAaitZjPSG448MBAIr2//4wBw4eyw4S1yNxIbAD5JXfGjRwDxhnniNAiIQHV0nCDx4CZt40ELeny588YMP8lRUuCwYEcA2ZGorTwPARrMdx4I63gYM+5dCK0sKc/fPjjT5283PnDGx/8KLMmrAUFHCBR/SgYBaNgFIwCXAAAbbI83k4jvx4AAAAASUVORK5CYII=","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8385-763X","institution":"Arizona State University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Rui","middleName":"","lastName":"Li","suffix":""},{"id":294289344,"identity":"40bb9fe0-2097-40b7-a14b-daabd85cb7bc","order_by":1,"name":"Jennifer K. Vanos","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jennifer","middleName":"K.","lastName":"Vanos","suffix":""},{"id":294289345,"identity":"b7c7751d-238d-4d75-96a2-09ca63cd9028","order_by":2,"name":"Mikhail V. Chester","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Mikhail","middleName":"V.","lastName":"Chester","suffix":""},{"id":294289346,"identity":"3ff0532c-ec7c-4b31-99e9-155b7d9b5f65","order_by":3,"name":"Ariane Middel","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ariane","middleName":"","lastName":"Middel","suffix":""},{"id":294289347,"identity":"8164faf5-67ed-4b1c-968e-2acd1851b789","order_by":4,"name":"Danae Hernandez-cortes","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Danae","middleName":"","lastName":"Hernandez-cortes","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-04-02 08:16:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4204964/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4204964/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":55538408,"identity":"0ccc4487-5b05-4c4a-9a92-49b02d55d0b1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-29 16:49:29","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":61550,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eIcarus Framework and Occupation and Travel Heat Burden Analysis. Icarus work from Li, Chester, Hondula, et al. (2023) and Li, Chester, Middel, et al. (2023) is shown in the white box (left), which provides the baseline simulation of MRT exposure from the synthetic population using ABM data. The contribution of this work (right, grey box) to assess active trip heat exposure plus occupational heat exposure culminates in the moving average hourly exposure (MAHE).\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4204964/v1/0c5f8e2ed9a79a2d15c8ae1d.png"},{"id":55537252,"identity":"2277bb44-6173-4a1f-97d2-28795526e514","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-29 16:41:29","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":457214,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eMap of the a. Phoenix Metropolitan Area (PMA) and b. the study area.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4204964/v1/86deff5261f71436dc22120b.png"},{"id":55537249,"identity":"c95c0403-6b3a-4ae5-aef8-d48a473c6155","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-29 16:41:29","extension":"png","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":111539,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eThe ratio of workers with continuous over 38°C MAHE in each industry. The x-axis shows the constant high MAHE exposure duration, from only one hour to 13 hours straight. The y-axis shows the ratio of people in each industry exposed to the constant high MAHE.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"3.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4204964/v1/aaf0372a6bc73b1f3429316c.png"},{"id":55537251,"identity":"7349ace9-b5eb-45b5-b64d-9bc004207e8d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-29 16:41:29","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":182226,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eGeospatial analysis of workers' home and job locations relative to high MAHE exposure. a. home location of studied workers. b. Job location of studied workers. c. job locations of workers with MAHE over 38°C at least once. d. ratio of workers with MAHE over 38°C at different job locations.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4204964/v1/ef2188f00a142cfb883bbffb.jpg"},{"id":55539372,"identity":"69b72097-9e1e-48c1-b12e-c7a0d483ad1b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-29 16:57:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":976202,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4204964/v1/93b394f1-bfdd-4d69-bf02-f930a75fc7ea.pdf"},{"id":55537253,"identity":"73a74785-3322-4639-af84-7d8fe31959dd","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2024-04-29 16:41:29","extension":"docx","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":101299,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"AppendixI.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-4204964/v1/471e55f5b99622e0e2fe57ae.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Characterizing Individual Occupation and Travel Heat Burdens through Exposure and Reprieve","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eAs extreme heat events become more prevalent, affecting the health and well-being of urban populations, workers in certain occupations are often exposed to these harsh conditions for prolonged periods (Lee et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Extended heat exposure can increase fatigue, diminish concentration, and lower alertness among workers (Varghese et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Physical labor further strains workers in high-temperature environments by increasing their heart rate, blood flow, and sweating (Uejio et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR42\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Further, clothing increases heat load due to being a thermal insulator and lowering sweat evaporation (Gao et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). These factors can increase workplace injuries during hot weather (Varghese et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Outdoor workers, such as construction, agriculture, and military personnel, are among the most vulnerable to heat-related occupational injuries (Ioannou et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Projected increases in extreme heat events may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes and occupational injuries among workers and reduce labor productivity (Kjellstrom et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2009\u003c/span\u003e). Understanding the individual-level experience of extreme heat is essential for building resilience to this significant public health challenge.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimulating heat exposure at the individual-level has been a powerful tool for understanding people\u0026rsquo;s experience in hot environments. Individuals are exposed to heat when engaging in outdoor travel and activities (i.e., walking, biking, gardening, and farming) since these pursuits typically occur in environments without temperature control systems (Hoehne et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e; Hondula \u0026amp; Kuras, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Karner et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Li, Chester, Middel, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). \u003cem\u003ePersonal heat exposure\u003c/em\u003e (PHE) simulations capture human and environmental interactions and estimate the heat individuals experience while interacting with their surroundings (El-Sayed et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Luke \u0026amp; Stamatakis, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2012\u003c/span\u003e; Tracy et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR41\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e). Personal travel and activity behaviors (i.e., people\u0026rsquo;s travel times, their indoor/outdoor activities schedules, and the path they take) and the built environment (i.e., local temperature and shading) are commonly considered in the PHE simulation (Karner et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e; Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Attributes related to personal physical tolerance to heat, such as individual metabolic rate, sweat rate, and body surface area impact on heat storage, are also considered in some PHE studies. (Glass et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). Finally, heat exposure simulations at the individual-level have also been powerful tools for identifying personal heat risk across populations (Kuras et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to extreme heat exposure, heat vulnerability must be considered to understand the risk of extensive exposure and the reprieve effects of resting and cooling. Heat reprieve has been important for people to recover from excessive exposure and effectively prevent adverse health outcomes. Regulatory agencies, such as the Occupational Safety and Health Agency (OSHA) and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), have recommended increasing rest time and hydration in a cooler environment for workers who are exposed to excessive temperature to have the opportunity to recover and mitigate the risk of excessive heat exposure (NIOSH, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e; OSHA, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR35\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). OSHA also recommends controlling exposure time under high temperatures by implementing work/rest schedules, which guide the intervals for relief during rest periods (NIOSH, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR31\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Outside of work, individuals cope with the extreme heat by leaving the hot area for a reprieve, such as cooling centers (Guardaro et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). Despite the importance of heat reprieve, incorporating its effects in the analysis of heat exposure is a complicated endeavor, and most studies on heat exposure currently do not account for the impact of heat reprieve in their simulations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study proposes a simulation framework to estimate workers PHE, considering the risk of extensive heat exposure and the benefits of reprieve (air conditioning). Exposure and reprieve should be combined to recognize the complexity of interactions as individuals interact with their environments \u0026ndash; outdoor heat and indoor air conditioning. The personal Moving Average Hourly Exposure (MAHE) is introduced to estimate the heat risk and reprieve effect quantitatively. Various travel patterns and activities, such as commuting and working, characterize an individual\u0026rsquo;s daily schedule. MAHE is calculated as the duration-weighted average of temperature of people\u0026rsquo;s daily events and stored at the end of the hourly period. The Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT) is used to calculate MAHE as the MRT captures the temperature difference in the diverse outdoor environment, including shading. Formulating the MAHE in such a way can, on one hand, captures heat risk events such as outdoor activities and active trips in which people directly interact with ambient (outdoor) temperature. Conversely, MAHE can balance out high ambient temperature but short-duration events by considering the heat reprieve from activities that take place in cooler conditions, like indoor activities and in-vehicle trips, which usually occur under air conditioning and are frequently considered to have cooling benefits (Guardaro et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e). The population with high MAHE, or several hours of continuous high MAHE, is likely unable to get enough reprieve from high-ambient temperature exposure events. The simulated MAHE is then presented to assist in identifying the demographic distribution of individuals with high and long-duration heat exposure.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methodology","content":"\u003cp\u003eTo estimate worker PHE using MAHE, three primary steps are followed: generating synthetic agents, modeling exposure during personal activities and trips, and summarizing individual MAHE. Synthetic agents, representing people in the study area, include individual occupational characteristics and daily activity/trip sequences. The exposure calculation for individual activities and trips captures the duration of these events, and the MRT people experienced. MAHE is then computed based on the sequence of daily events for synthetic populations, and the heat exposure is then associated with each activity and trip. This study leverages the previous research from Li, Chester, Hondula, et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) which created the synthetic population from the fine-scale transportation activity-based model (ABM) for the Phoenix Metropolitan Area (PMA) (the \u003cem\u003eIcarus\u003c/em\u003e model) (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Using MRT the heat exposure of active trip for the synthetic population was previously simulated in Li, Chester, Middel, et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Heat exposure of work-related activities is estimated using the Occupational Requirement Survey (ORS) (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e) and the MRT profile (Buo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). The following subsection explains the Icarus model and the methodology employed to generate synthetic individuals and simulate their exposure during active travel, as in Li, Chester, Hondula, et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) and Li, Chester, Middel, et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). The specifics of occupational heat exposure estimation are also provided, followed by the formulation of the MAHE calculation. All details regarding the case study in the Phoenix Metropolitan area are provided subsequent to overall travel and occupational heat exposure methods.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.1 Icarus, synthetic population, and estimated travel heat exposure\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIcarus is a Python model designed to simulate PHE (Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) for synthetic agents created through ABM in the study region. It models the exposure of these agents to heat during their activities and travel (Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Icarus requires the ingestion of the study region ABM, parcel data, transportation network, and spatiotemporal heterogeneous MRT and air temperature data to simulate. ABMs are disaggregated travel demand models that simulate individual and household travel behaviors (i.e., walking, biking, driving, and public transit) and activities (i.e., working, shopping, and staying at home), considering demographic details, social and economic engagements, and the location and timing of various events (Bowman \u0026amp; Ben-Akiva, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2001\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eABMs, used for transportation planning, typically represent event locations at the Micro Analysis Zones (MAZs) level (Parsons Brinckerhoff, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). And MAZs lack the granularity necessary to analyze heat exposure at the street and building levels. Parcel data, which contains the building category, land use type, and the location of the building, are obtained for the study area to assist in refining the location of the events to more specific building areas instead of MAZs in the city. The downscaling involves spawning the events to parcels within the event\u0026rsquo;s MAZ. As such, the location of events, which are also the origins and destinations of trips, can be refined to land parcels. Icarus then routes active trips on the roadway network obtained from OpenStreetMap (OSM) (OpenStreetMap Contributors, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR34\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e). To calculate the heat exposure of active trip, Icarus parses the spatiotemporal heterogeneous temperature data to streets and parcels and then calculates the average temperature individuals experience along the roadways when the trip occurs.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe synthetic population of Icarus is directly replicated from the ABM of the study region, which consists of individual demographic features and event sequences (Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). And active trip exposure is calculated in Icarus by identifying travel patterns and estimating the MRT individuals experience when that trip happens (Li, Chester, Middel, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 Estimation of outdoor work and heat exposure\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOccupational activities in outdoor environments often face higher heat loads (especially MRT) due to direct sun exposure without cooling measures. While key information regarding whether an activity is indoor/ outdoor is not present in ABM, we assume all non-work related activities, such as shopping and dinning out, are carried out indoors in an air-condition controlled environment with a constant MRT temperature of 26.6\u0026deg;C (Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). The indoor/outdoor condition of work-related activities, along with the \u003cem\u003eduration\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003efrequency\u003c/em\u003e of outdoor working, are determined by agents\u0026rsquo; industry and data from the ORS surveys (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e). The occupational outdoor \u003cem\u003eduration\u003c/em\u003e indicates the length of time workers spend outside, and the occupational outdoor \u003cem\u003efrequency\u003c/em\u003e denotes the percentage of individuals working outside. The ORS, released by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, provides job-specific outdoor \u003cem\u003eduration\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003efrequency\u003c/em\u003e for 468 occupations in the U.S. economy (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR44\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2024\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.1 Estimation of Outdoor Work Duration\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo estimate outside time of outdoor workers, the qualitative outdoor \u003cem\u003eduration\u003c/em\u003e is converted to quantitative values based on the exposure categories described in the ORS. Among the 468 occupations in ORS, 69% were identified with five detailed outdoor duration categories: ' \u003cem\u003enot exposed to outdoors', 'seldom', 'occasionally', 'frequently'\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003e'constantly'\u003c/em\u003e. The remaining 31% were classified as '\u003cem\u003enot exposed to outdoor\u003c/em\u003e' or \u003cem\u003e'outdoor'\u003c/em\u003e. The five-level classification is frequently used in occupations with intense outdoor working conditions, such as construction, farming, truck drivers, etc. This study defines the five-level exposure categories corresponding to the outdoor duration from 0 minutes/hour (not exposed to outdoor) to 48 minutes/hour (constantly outdoor), with a 12 minutes/hour increment for each intermediate level. Exposure types labeled as '\u003cem\u003enot exposed to outdoor\u003c/em\u003e' or \u003cem\u003e'outdoor'\u003c/em\u003e correspond to 0 minutes/hour or 10 minutes/hour of outdoor work, respectively. As such, the qualitative job-specific outdoor duration provided by the ORS is converted into quantitative values, which are subsequently utilized in calculating occupational heat exposure.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.2 Estimation of the outdoor working frequency\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ORS occupations are grouped by the industries given in ABM to estimate synthetic populations' outdoor frequency. While the ORS follows the Standard Occupational Code (SOC), the ABM follows the code designed by the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). The SOC and NAICS are two different industry and occupation classification systems, and there is a lack of standardized methods to crosswalk these two systems (NIOSH, 2023). The ORS provides 468 occupations with outdoor exposure information, while ABM only has 24 industry categories (Parsons Brinckerhoff, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). Given the different occupation classification codes utilized by ORS and ABM, a manual review of the ORS's 468 occupations was conducted, allocating them to the 24 industry sectors in ABM based on job descriptions, responsibilities, and typical industry associations. Specifically, 51 occupations from the ORS, which were most relevant to the job landscape in Arizona, were identified and organized into the 24 industry categories as defined in ABM. The classification details are provided in Appendix I.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe industry-level outdoor frequency is estimated using the occupational outdoor frequency from ORS. This study assumes an equal number of workers in each occupation, estimating the industry's outdoor exposure frequency by averaging the exposure frequencies of the selected job types within the industry, as shown in Eq.\u0026nbsp;1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Taba\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({r}_{f,i}=1/N{\\sum }_{o=1}^{N}{r}_{f,o}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(f\\in \\{{\\prime }constant{\\prime }, {\\prime }frequent{\\prime }, {\\prime }occasional{\\prime }, {\\prime }seldom{\\prime }, {\\prime }outdoor{\\prime }, {\\prime }not exposed{\\prime }\\}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eeq(1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(r\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e is the exposure frequency for each industry, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(f\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e represents the exposure frequency category, which belongs to \u0026lsquo;constantly\u0026rsquo;, \u0026lsquo;frequently\u0026rsquo;, \u0026lsquo;occasionally\u0026rsquo;, \u0026lsquo;seldom\u0026rsquo;, \u0026lsquo;outdoor\u0026rsquo;, or \u0026lsquo;not exposed\u0026rsquo;, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(i\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e represents the industry type given in ABM, \u003cem\u003eo\u003c/em\u003e is the collection of occupations given in ORS that belong to the industry \u003cem\u003ei\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eN\u003c/em\u003e is the number of occupation types in industry \u003cem\u003ei\u003c/em\u003e. Table\u0026nbsp;1 provides an example of the \u003cem\u003eTransportation\u003c/em\u003e industry exposure profile. ORS contains two occupations for the \u003cem\u003eTransportation\u003c/em\u003e industry: heavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers and light truck drivers. The exposure frequency profile for the two occupation types is combined using Eq.\u0026nbsp;1 to get the exposure profile for the general \u003cem\u003etransportation\u003c/em\u003e industry.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2.3 Occupational Heat Exposure Estimation\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe heat exposure at work is estimated over working hours, considering the job type, outdoor frequency, duration, and the respective temperatures in each environment. It essentially averages the temperature exposure based on the time an individual spends indoors and outdoors and the thermal exposure in each environment. The temperature at job sites is determined by spatially linking the MRT with the identified job locations for the synthetic population. The occupational heat exposure for each working hour is calculated as Eq.\u0026nbsp;(2).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"No\" id=\"Tabb\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({E}_{i}=\\frac{{T}_{i}*{d}_{o}+\\left(60-{d}_{o}\\right)*26.6}{60}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\(i=\\left\\{\\delta \\in \\text{{\\rm N}} \\right| \\left\\{\\begin{array}{c}\u0026lfloor;\\frac{{t}_{start}}{60}\u0026rfloor;\\ll \\delta \\ll \u0026lfloor;\\frac{{t}_{end}}{60}\u0026rfloor; ,if {t}_{end}-{t}_{start}\u0026gt;60\\\\ \\delta = \u0026lfloor;\\frac{{t}_{start}}{60}\u0026rfloor; ,if {t}_{end}-{t}_{start}\\le 60\\end{array}\\right. \\}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eeq(2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ewhere \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({E}_{i}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e refers to the heat exposure an individual experiences at hour i, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({T}_{i}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e is the outdoor MRT at the job location during hour i, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({T}_{start}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({T}_{end}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e are the work start and end times, respectively, presented in minutes from 00:00, and \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({D}_{o}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003eis the occupational outdoor duration, estimated based on worker\u0026rsquo;s industry. The frequency of workers staying outdoors is used to stochastically select individuals\u0026rsquo; outdoor working duration, \u003cspan class=\"InlineEquation\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"mathinline\"\u003e\\({D}_{o}\\)\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. For example, a worker in the transportation sector is calculated to have a 3.05% chance of being outdoors \u0026lsquo;\u003cem\u003econtinuously\u003c/em\u003e\u0026rsquo;, which equals 48 minutes every working hour. This method allows for estimating occupational heat exposure by considering the nature of the job and the frequency of outdoor activity, as derived from the ORS. The calculated individual occupational heat exposure and the time spent on the job for every working hour are stored for the MAHE calculation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince the industries used in ABM have long names and it is difficult to plot their whole name, thus, we abbreviated each industry\u0026rsquo;s name as follows: agriculture, extraction, utility, and construction (NAICS 11, 21, 22, and 23) are shortened as \u003cem\u003eAgr\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eExt\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eUti\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eCon\u003c/em\u003e. Both Manufacturing I and II (NAICS 31, 32) are comprised of businesses producing products from materials' chemical, mechanical, or physical transformation. These two industries are shortened as \u003cem\u003eMan I\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eMan II\u003c/em\u003e. We use \u003cem\u003eWho\u003c/em\u003e to represent the wholesale sector (NAICS 42). Retail sectors I and II (NAICS 44, 45) are represented as \u003cem\u003eRet I\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eRet II\u003c/em\u003e. Transportation (NAICS 48) and transportation-postal/warehousing (NAICS 49) sectors are demonstrated as \u003cem\u003eTran\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eTran-P\u003c/em\u003e. Information (NAICS 51), Finance I and II (NAICS 52, 53), and Professional I to III (NAICS 54\u0026ndash;56) are presented as \u003cem\u003eInf\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eFin I\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eFin II\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eProf I\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eProf II\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eProf III\u003c/em\u003e respectively. Education (NAICS 61), medical, health care, and social assistance (NAICS 62) sections are presented as \u003cem\u003eEdu\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eMed\u003c/em\u003e. The Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation sector (NAICS 71) is shortened to \u003cem\u003eArt\u003c/em\u003e. The entertainment sector (NAICS 72) is shortened as Ent. Services (NAICS 81) and administrative/military (NAICS 92) industries are abbreviated as \u003cem\u003eSer\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eAdm.\u003c/em\u003e The abbreviation is also shown in Table\u0026nbsp;3 as the bolded industry names.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.4 Moving Average Hourly Exposure (MAHE)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003ePeople doing outdoor events, both travel and activities, can get heat reprieve after staying in a lower-temperature environment after extensive heat exposure. MAHE is introduced to capture the complexity of the outdoor/indoor alternation and the heat exposure and reprieve sequences. MAHE is computed as the average MRT an agent is exposed to over each hour of the simulation's history. For instance, the MAHE at 5:00 calculates the mean heat exposure from 4:00 to 5:00 on the simulation day. The introduction of MAHE cancels the noise from high-temperature exposure but short-duration events. People may experience intensive heat exposure during their day if they briefly stay outdoors where the MRT is high. However, taking refuge indoors after the outdoor events offers them a temporary break and reduces the impact of the previous intensive heat exposure. Carrying out the personal MAHE calculation for the population level can identify the subgroups who potentially cannot get a reprieve after extensive heat exposure.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 Phoenix Case Study\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study context is the PMA. As the sixth largest metropolitan region in the US, the PMA has a population of 4.2\u0026nbsp;million (United States Census Bureau, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR43\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) and an average of 175 days per year with a daily maximum air temperature exceeding 32\u0026deg;C (90\u0026deg;F) (Lawrimore et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e). Occupational heat exposure has been a persistent problem in Phoenix, as the hot summer stresses the labor force working or traveling outdoors (Bandala et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Hoehne et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). PHE was estimated and extensively studied by Li, Chester, Hondula, et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) and Li, Chester, Middel, et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) providing a critical foundation for future analyses. Li, Chester, Middel, et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) focused their analysis in the 2,070 km\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e (800 square miles) urbanized region, a 6% area of the PMA (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) since the high resolution MRT data were only available in the area. This study uses the datasets utilized by Li et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003ea, b, and confines the analysis to the same study region (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) for consistency.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003e2.5.1 ABM data and parcel data\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe ABM used for the study contains 3.8\u0026nbsp;million people and their daily trips and activities in the PMA (MAG, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Parsons Brinckerhoff, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR36\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2010\u003c/span\u003e). Despite covering only 6% of the land area of the PMA, the study region (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e) accommodates 53% of the ABM population and 979,970 workers living and working in the region. The ABM was generated based on the 2010 household travel survey; the demographics, travel behaviors, and activity patterns reflect a typical working day in the surveyed year. Consequently, the total population count is lower than the reported 2023 PMA population. The 2018 Maricopa County land parcel data (Maricopa County Assessor\u0026rsquo;s Office, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e) was used to downscale the ABM event locations from MAZs to land parcels in Li, Chester, Hondula, et al. (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). And the same parcel data is used in this study to extract the MRT at job site.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003e2.5.2 Temperature data\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eMRT is used to estimate event heat exposure. The MRT refers to the total heat load of all surrounding surfaces an individual perceives (Middel \u0026amp; Krayenhoff, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e). MRT values are presumed to be equivalent to the Air Temperature (T\u003csub\u003eair\u003c/sub\u003e) before sunrise and after sunset (Thornton et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR39\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). T\u003csub\u003eair\u003c/sub\u003e, refers to the hot/cold of the surrounding air, and is used to estimate the temperature when MRT is unavailable. This study uses simulated hourly MRT raster layers at a 1-meter resolution for June 27, 2012, spanning from 7:00 to 20:00 (Buo et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). The simulated MRT ranges from 29\u0026deg;C (84\u0026deg;F) to 85\u0026deg;C (185\u0026deg;F). The T\u003csub\u003eair\u003c/sub\u003e on the same simulation date, with a 1-km spatial resolution, is extracted from Daymet data (Thornton et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR40\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2016\u003c/span\u003e) to complement the MRT before 7:00 and after 20:00. The minimum T\u003csub\u003eair\u003c/sub\u003e for the study date was between 16\u0026deg;C (61\u0026deg;F) to 28\u0026deg;C (82\u0026deg;F), while the maximum T\u003csub\u003eair\u003c/sub\u003e was between 27\u0026deg;C (81\u0026deg;F) to 45\u0026deg;C (113\u0026deg;F). Hourly T\u003csub\u003eair\u003c/sub\u003e is calculated using the minimum and maximum T\u003csub\u003eair\u003c/sub\u003e to match the temporal resolution of MRT (Li, Chester, Hondula, et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eWe first look at the outdoor frequency estimated from ORS across various industries in the ABM to gain insight into the overall outdoor working frequency and duration of the subjects under study. Then, we dive into the work and travel patterns, such as the start and end of work time, the number of shifts scheduled, and the ratio of people commuting by biking or walking. These factors influence the time and duration workers spend outdoors affecting their exposure to heat. The MAHE is then discussed to identify the ratio of workers who experience high MAHE, and the industries with long-duration and high MAHE exposure. Lastly, we present the job locations of workers with high MAHE to demonstrate the heat vulnerability spatial distribution in the study region.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.1 Outdoor Working\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWorkers in industries reliant on physical labor and direct interaction with physical environments or materials are more likely to experience heat exposure. These industries include extraction, construction, transportation industries, and agriculture. About a quarter of the workforce is in these industries. Overall, 80\u0026ndash;93% of the workers in these industries have outdoor work responsibilities (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Besides the high ratio of outdoor tasks, construction, extraction, and agriculture also have 30\u0026ndash;43% of workers constantly working outdoors. Meanwhile, service and knowledge-focused industries are less likely to have workers operating outdoors. Industries like medical, administrative, information, postal service, and finance have only 3\u0026ndash;6% of outdoor workers (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). About one-third of the population in the study region works in these industries. Manufacturing, wholesaling, retailing, utility, and entertainment industries have 23\u0026ndash;34% of outdoor workers (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\n\u003ctable id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e\u003ccaption\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;1\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExample of industry-level exposure frequency estimation\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003c/caption\u003e\n\u003cthead\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003cth colspan=\"5\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eexposure frequency profile\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/th\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/thead\u003e\n\u003ctbody\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003enot exposed\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eseldom\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eoccasionally\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003efrequently\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003econstantly\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eoccupations from ORS\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eHeavy and tractor-trailer truck drivers\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e7.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e21.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e63.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e2.2%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eLight truck drivers\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e9.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e0%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e82.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e4.3%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.9%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003ctr\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eindustry from ABM\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTransportation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e8.7%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e10.55%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e72.6%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e5.1%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003ctd align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.05%\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003c/td\u003e\n\u003c/tr\u003e\n\u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv class=\"colspec\" align=\"left\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTable 2. Industry work conditions in the study area, focusing on outdoor exposure, work schedules, and the ratio of workers with high moving average hourly exposure (MAHE)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u0026nbsp;\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv align=\"center\" style='margin:0in;line-height:115%;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\n \u003ctable style=\"width: 7.1e+2pt;border: none;border-collapse:collapse;\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:41.8pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eNAICS Code\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:79.7pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eIndustry\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;border-top: 1pt solid windowtext;border-left: none;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;border-right: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.25pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"4\" style=\"width:167.05pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003ework schedule from ABM\u003csup\u003e1\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.25pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"6\" style=\"width:3.75in;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eoutdoor exposure frequency from ORS\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;border:none;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" style=\"width:62.45pt;border-top:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:14.25pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eRatio of workers MAHE pass 38\u0026deg;C at least once\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width:67.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:88.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003emedian continuous working hours\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:66.95pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:88.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003emedian work start/end time\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:41.05pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:88.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003emore than two shifts\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:58.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:88.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003ewalk/bike commute ratio\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 88.6pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:88.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003econstant\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:49.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:88.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003efrequent\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:45.0pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:88.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eoccasional\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:45.0pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:88.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eseldom\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:40.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:88.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eexposed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:40.5pt;border:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:88.6pt;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003enot exposed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width:13.5pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt;height:88.6pt;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eCon\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003estruction\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(253, 185, 123);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:07/16:07\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(219, 239, 227);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e18%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(148, 210, 165);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e43%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e18%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e31%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(255, 239, 156);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(248, 105, 107);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e89%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eEx\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003etraction\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(186, 215, 128);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e07:54/16:10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(99, 190, 123);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e25%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(192, 227, 203);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e43%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e18%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e31%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(255, 239, 156);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(249, 107, 109);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e88%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e48\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eTran\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003esportation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(254, 212, 128);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:01/16:08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(190, 227, 202);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e20%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(133, 203, 152);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e3%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e73%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e11%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(252, 238, 156);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e9%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(249, 126, 128);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e77%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eAgr\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eiculture\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(250, 127, 112);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:03/16:07\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(238, 247, 243);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e17%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(99, 190, 123);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e3%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e30%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e12%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e39%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(235, 233, 152);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e19%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(249, 133, 135);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e73%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e71\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eArt\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003es, Entertainment, and Recreation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(118, 195, 124);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:37/16:13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(221, 240, 228);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e18%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(236, 245, 241);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e20%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e9%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e25%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(203, 223, 145);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e38%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(250, 170, 173);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e53%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e72\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eEnt\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eertainment, Accommodation and Food Services\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(99, 190, 123);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:52/16:20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(252, 252, 255);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e16%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(222, 240, 229);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e20%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e9%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e25%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(203, 223, 145);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e38%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(250, 171, 173);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 43.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e53%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e61\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eEdu\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003ecation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(184, 214, 127);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:16/16:09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(200, 231, 210);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e19%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(193, 228, 204);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e31%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e14%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(174, 214, 139);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e55%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(251, 211, 213);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e30%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eUti\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003elity\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(253, 194, 125);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e07:55/16:13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(153, 212, 170);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e22%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(169, 218, 183);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e15%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e10%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(154, 208, 135);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e67%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(252, 224, 227);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e23%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e92\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eAdm\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003einistrative/Military\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(248, 105, 107);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e07:59/16:14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(189, 227, 201);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e20%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(208, 234, 217);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e15%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e10%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(154, 208, 135);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e67%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(252, 224, 227);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e23%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e55\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eProf\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eessional \u003cstrong\u003eII\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(220, 224, 129);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:07/16:08\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(170, 219, 184);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e21%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(231, 243, 237);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e2%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e13%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e8%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(138, 203, 132);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e76%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(252, 235, 238);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e17%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e45\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eRet\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eail\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;II\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(120, 196, 124);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6.5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:43/16:16\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(234, 245, 240);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e17%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(252, 252, 255);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e3%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e9%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e23%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(155, 208, 135);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e66%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(252, 242, 245);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e13%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e44\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eRet\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eail\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;I\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(208, 221, 129);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6.8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:34/16:18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(228, 242, 234);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e18%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(248, 250, 251);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e3%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e9%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e23%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(155, 208, 135);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e66%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(252, 243, 245);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e13%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e81\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eServices\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(149, 204, 125);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6.6\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:23/16:05\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(227, 242, 233);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e18%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(193, 228, 204);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e45%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(174, 214, 139);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e55%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(113, 154, 206);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e2%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e54\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eProf\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eessional\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;I\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(255, 235, 132);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:03/16:12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(167, 218, 182);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e21%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(213, 236, 222);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e73%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(222, 229, 149);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e27%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(111, 153, 205);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e2%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e42\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eWho\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003elesale\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(254, 234, 131);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:04/16:09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(185, 225, 197);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e20%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(219, 238, 226);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e23%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(137, 202, 131);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e77%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(111, 153, 205);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e2%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e52\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eFin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eance \u003cstrong\u003eI\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(252, 178, 121);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:00/16:11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(176, 221, 189);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e21%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(207, 233, 216);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e3%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(103, 192, 124);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e97%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(105, 148, 203);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e53\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eFin\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eance\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;II\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(241, 231, 131);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:11/16:11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(193, 229, 205);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e20%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(220, 239, 228);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e3%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(103, 192, 124);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e97%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(105, 148, 203);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e56\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eProf\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eessional\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;III\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(254, 199, 126);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:18/16:12\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(225, 241, 231);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e18%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(219, 238, 226);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e3%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(103, 192, 124);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e97%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(105, 148, 203);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e51\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eInf\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eormation\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(252, 173, 120);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:08/16:15\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(193, 229, 204);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e20%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(204, 232, 214);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e5%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(99, 190, 123);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e99%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(103, 147, 202);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e62\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMed\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eical, Health Care and Social Assistance\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(228, 227, 130);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6.9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:10/16:10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(192, 228, 203);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e20%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(165, 216, 180);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(105, 192, 125);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e96%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(101, 146, 202);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 29pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e49\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eTran\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003esportation - \u003cstrong\u003ePost\u003c/strong\u003eal/Warehousing\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(254, 216, 129);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:04/16:09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(192, 228, 203);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e20%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(140, 206, 158);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e6%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(108, 193, 125);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e94%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(98, 144, 201);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 13.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e32\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMan\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eufacturing \u003cstrong\u003eII\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(253, 180, 122);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:02/16:10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(194, 229, 205);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e20%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(142, 207, 160);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e23%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(137, 202, 131);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e77%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(98, 143, 200);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e33\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMan\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eufacturing \u003cstrong\u003eIII\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;background: rgb(251, 147, 115);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.3\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e07:53/16:10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;background: rgb(180, 223, 193);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e20%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;background: rgb(131, 203, 151);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e4%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e23%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;background: rgb(137, 202, 131);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e77%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;background: rgb(95, 142, 200);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.8pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e31\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 79.7pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family: \"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eMan\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003eufacturing\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;I\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 67.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(252, 234, 131);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e7.0\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 66.95pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: white;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e08:05/16:09\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 41.05pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(222, 240, 229);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e18%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 58.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(123, 200, 144);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e3%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 49.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e23%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 40.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(137, 202, 131);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:right;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e77%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 13.5pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd style=\"width: 62.45pt;border-top: none;border-right: none;border-left: none;border-image: initial;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext;background: rgb(90, 138, 198);padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;text-align:center;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1%\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 66.95pt;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"15\" style=\"width: 9in;border: none;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e1. the data are obtained from MAG ABM.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 66.95pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"15\" style=\"width: 9in;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 14.5pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e2. the outdoor exposure frequency is estimated using ORS and ABM industries.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"2\" style=\"width: 66.95pt;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: top;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd colspan=\"15\" style=\"width: 9in;padding: 0in 5.4pt;height: 15pt;vertical-align: bottom;\"\u003e\n \u003cp style='margin:0in;line-height:normal;font-size:15px;font-family:\"Arial\",sans-serif;'\u003e\u003cspan style='font-family:\"Times New Roman\",serif;color:black;'\u003e3. the ratio is calculated as the number of workers with over 38\u0026deg;C MAHE divided by the total number of workers in the corresponding sector.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n \u003c/table\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.2 Work schedule, occupation, outdoor time, and frequency\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWork schedules, such as start/end times and the number of daily shifts, differ across diverse industries. The median work starting time is 8:14. However, entertainment and retail workers (\u003cem\u003eArt\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eEnt\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eRet I\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eII\u003c/em\u003e) start their jobs 20 to 48 minutes later (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). In contrast, management, extraction, and utility workers (\u003cem\u003eMan I \u0026ndash; III\u003c/em\u003e, \u003cem\u003eExt\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eUti\u003c/em\u003e) tend to start their jobs 20 to 25 minutes earlier than the populational median work starting time. The median end working time for the workforce is 16:12, and workers leave work around the same time regardless of the industries. As the outdoor temperature is lower in the mornings, workers may benefit from starting work early, as the heat exposure is lower during commuting and performing outdoor work in the early mornings. Most of the workers in the study region have only one shift in a day (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). The number of shifts per person in a day is counted as the number of working activities tagged in ABM. On average, 81% of the workers have one shift in the simulation day, and 19% have two or more shifts. Extraction industry employers have a higher ratio (25%) of multiple shifts in their working day, while only 16% of entertainment and retail industry workers have multiple shifts in their working day. Commuting patterns in the study region are predominantly characterized by car driving. On average, 5% of workers commute by walking or biking (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). A greater proportion (6%) of individuals in the entertainment and retail sector opt for active transportation for their commute. In contrast, those in the agriculture and manufacturing industries exhibit the lowest ratio (3%) of active trip commuting.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWork schedules impact the time and duration of heat exposure. An early start time, multiple job shifts, and short duration of continuous work can each provide reprieve. Industries such as the construction sector already use strategies like rescheduling the working hours from the daytime to cooler times, such as early morning or midnight, to mitigate heat exposure (Lewis, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e3.3 Moving Average Hourly Exposure (MAHE)\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMost workers experience MAHE below 38\u0026deg;C, with a subset facing elevated MAHE. During the simulation day, 70% of workers maintained a MAHE under 27\u0026deg;C, while 18% encountered their peak MAHE in the range of 27\u0026deg;C to 37\u0026deg;C. Approximately 12% of workers experienced MAHE exceeding 38\u0026deg;C. The simulation identified the maximum MAHE at 66.8\u0026deg;C between 16:00 and 17:00. Conversely, the minimum MAHE estimated was 20.8\u0026deg;C between 5:00 and 6:00 in the early hours. Here MAHE is calculated with the MRT, which represents the average temperature and radiation of all surrounding surfaces emitted on a person. The value of MAHE could be significantly higher than the ambient air temperature.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eUsing the 38\u0026deg;C (100\u0026deg;F) benchmark we identify workers with MAHE over the threshold at least once in the day (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Industries with a large ratio of outdoor workers are likely to have high MAHE values. 73\u0026ndash;89% of construction, extraction, transportation, and agriculture workers are exposed to high MAHE for at least one hour of the day (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Previous studies have consistently highlighted these sectors heightened health risks associated with environmental heat exposure (Calkins et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Karthick et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e; Petitti et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2013\u003c/span\u003e; Spector et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2014\u003c/span\u003e). Over half of workers in the entertainment, recreation, and food service industries (\u003cem\u003eArt\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eEnt\u003c/em\u003e) have their MAHE over 38\u0026deg;C at least one hour on the simulation day. While the literature has traditionally paid less attention to excessive heat concerns within the entertainment sector, recent reports underscore the pressing need to address heat exposure in the entertainment and service sector, such as music venues (Masley, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e) and food trucks (Mackovich-Rodriguez, \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). 23\u0026ndash;30% of the military, utility workers, and educators (\u003cem\u003eAdm, Uti\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eEdu\u003c/em\u003e) and 13% of the retail sector (\u003cem\u003eRet I\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eII\u003c/em\u003e) have their MAHE over the threshold. These industries are traditionally out of the spotlight of excessive heat exposure studies. The other sectors, including the top two employees, medical and professional III (\u003cem\u003eMed\u003c/em\u003e, and \u003cem\u003eProf III\u003c/em\u003e), have less than 2% of workers with MAHE over the threshold.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExtended exposure to extreme heat poses substantial health risks for outdoor workers. Industries with a high proportion of workers experiencing MAHE over 38\u0026deg;C also exhibit a high ratio of individuals enduring several hours of continuous high MAHE (over 38\u0026deg;C). Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e highlights the proportion of workers enduring continuous exposure to high MAHE across various industries. It details the range of exposure durations from \u0026lsquo;one hour\u0026rsquo; to \u0026lsquo;thirteen hours straight,\u0026rsquo; showcasing the continuous period workers face with high MAHE. Industries like transportation, extraction, agriculture, and construction have significant portions of their workforce exposed to extended periods of high MAHE conditions. Specifically, 11.4% of transportation workers, 34% of construction workers, 31% of extraction workers, and 20.4% of agricultural workers are likely to experience MAHE above 38\u0026deg;C for more than 7 hours straight. The rest of the industries show the lowest percentages of workers exposed to high heat for extended periods, likely reflecting indoor work environments or jobs with greater control over work schedules and conditions (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMultiple reasons, such as job locations, work schedules, and occupation outdoor frequency, impact the long duration and high MAHE profile. Being outdoors frequently is not the only reason for people with several hours of high MAHE. For instance, Construction (Con) and Extraction (Ext) have the same outdoor profile (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). Still, extraction workers (maroon solid line in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e) are more likely to experience longer hours of high MAHE than their construction industry peers (brown dashed line in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). A complex combination of work schedules, job locations, and travel modes impacts this exposure profile.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWorker residential and employment locations differ significantly which impacts MAHE. The simulation indicates that most workers reside in the northern Phoenix and the Tempe to Chandler area (as shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.a), with a population density ranging from 800 to 2,000 people per square kilometer. Conversely, their places of employment are predominantly located in downtown Phoenix and Tempe (illustrated in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.b), where the density increases to between 1,000 and 6,000 people per square kilometer. These workers spend their daytime hours at their places of employment, which coincides with peak temperature periods, and return to their homes in the cooler evening hours. The necessity of outdoor work in certain job roles increases worker susceptibility to extreme heat at their places of employment.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the geographic distribution of workers facing high MAHE reveals a pattern consistent with the broader workforce distribution, focusing on downtown Phoenix and Tempe. By isolating the locations of individuals who experience over one hour of MAHE above 38\u0026deg;C, it becomes apparent that high heat exposure areas coincide with the greatest density of work locations, particularly around downtown Phoenix and Tempe, where density is noted between 51 to 668 people per square kilometer (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.c). Further examination of locations with high MAHE exposure identifies a pronounced risk in the west and southwest regions of the study area (Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.d), where 25 to 60% of workers in areas with fewer than 100 workers per square kilometer face high MAHE. This contrasts with downtown Phoenix and Tempe, where despite higher worker densities of 2,000 to 6,000 people per square kilometer, only 10 to 25% might experience high MAHE. The areas with a low density of workers but a high percentage facing significant MAHE overlap with agricultural and industrial zones, indicating a specific vulnerability profile in these regions.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTraditional metrics for assessing heat vulnerability typically focus on demographic (such as race, age, and education) and socioeconomic (such as living alone, economic status, and rates of poverty) factors based on residential locations (Niu et al., \u003cspan class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). Yet, these assessments may overlook the significant high MAHE that many individuals face outdoors at their work, separate from their living areas. This gap highlights the critical need to include residential and workplace data in vulnerability evaluations, recognizing that high MAHE often occurs away from home, necessitating targeted intervention and adaptation strategies for heat risk mitigation.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion and Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eBy integrating personal heat exposure simulation with considerations for indoor/outdoor occupation and daily travel/activity patterns, this research provides valuable insights into the personal and industrial level of high heat exposure and the geographical distribution of individuals with heat exposure. MAHE was introduced as a surrogate measure for assessing personal heat exposure, considering both the effects of heat exposure and opportunities for reprieve. By balancing out the short-duration but high-temperature exposure events, the incorporation of MAHE identifies workers susceptible to prolonged heat exposure and allows for considering heat reprieve mechanisms.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe findings reveal significant disparities in heat exposure among workers across different industries, with construction, extraction, transportation, and agriculture sectors facing the highest risks due to their predominantly outdoor nature. Additionally, the entertainment, recreation, and food service industries (e.g., food truck vendors) exhibit a concerning trend, with over half of their employees experiencing MAHE exceeding 38\u0026deg;C for at least one hour. While previous studies have consistently emphasized worker elevated heat health risks in construction, extraction, transportation, and agriculture (Calkins et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2019\u003c/span\u003e; Varghese et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR45\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e), there has been comparatively less attention given to excessive heat concerns within the entertainment, recreation, and food sectors. Identifying high MAHE levels in the entertainment sector aligns with recent reports on the heat risk for these sectors and underscores the urgency to address heat exposure and bolster resilience efforts in these industries (Mackovich-Rodriguez, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e; Masley, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR28\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2023\u003c/span\u003e). Moreover, the case study conducted in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area underscores the importance of considering both residential and workplace locations in heat vulnerability assessments. Conventional methods used to evaluate heat stress commonly center on demographic and socioeconomic indicators tied to residential areas (Niu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR33\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). The analysis reveals distinct geographic patterns in heat exposure at work and residential locations, which would further support adding the occupation-related matrix into future heat stress assessment. The job location of high MAHE workers highlights areas where the workforce faces heightened heat risks and necessitates targeted intervention and adaptation strategies for heat risk mitigation.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOverall, this research contributes to the ongoing efforts to address the health and safety challenges posed by extreme heat events in occupational settings. By incorporating insights from personal heat exposure simulation and MAHE analysis, policymakers, employers, and public health officials can develop proactive measures to protect workers from the adverse effects of heat exposure and enhance resilience to climate-related hazards.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudy limitations are largely from the scoping of the analysis and model capabilities. First, only work-related activities outside were considered and the study excluded nonwork-related outdoor activities. Previous studies have found that nonwork-related activities, such as garden care and sports (Hoehne et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2018\u003c/span\u003e), are suspected of high heat exposure. The current ABM data does not provide details on non-work-related activities, such as whether they are related to sports or gardening, and are therefore not considered in the exposure analysis. However, future studies can expand to more outdoor activity types when the data are available. Additionally, this study assumes that all indoor environments, including those within vehicles, have a uniform temperature of 26.6\u0026deg;C in the simulation, which oversimplifies the real-world variability of indoor temperatures. In reality, indoor environments vary significantly depending on building insulation, HVAC systems, occupancy levels, and local climate conditions (Zuurbier et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR46\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2021\u003c/span\u003e). By assuming a fixed indoor temperature for all indoor settings, the simulation fails to accurately represent the range of thermal conditions that individuals may encounter indoors. This oversimplification could lead to inaccurate estimations of heat exposure. To account for the variability in indoor temperatures, future studies could adopt more sophisticated modeling approaches, such as building energy simulation models (Lu et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2015\u003c/span\u003e) and the indoor air-conditioning availability (Ahn \u0026amp; Uejio, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2022\u003c/span\u003e), to capture the indoor temperature (Nahlik et al., \u003cspan citationid=\"CR30\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2017\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, this study relies on synthetic agents generated from activity-based travel models, which may not fully capture the diversity of real-world occupational behaviors and characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contributions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors confirm contribution to the paper as follows: Conceptualization: RL, MC, JV. Methodology: RL, MC. Data collection: RL, AM, MC. Analysis: RL. Writing-original draft: RL. Writing-review and editing: RL, MC, JV, DH, AM.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgments\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe extend our thanks to MAG for supplying the ABM data, and to Ben Brownlee and Austin Michne of ASU for their initial Icarus work. Map data is copyrighted by OpenStreetMap contributors and accessible from \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://www.openstreetmap.org\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://www.openstreetmap.org\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. Financial support for this research was provided by the United States National Science Foundation under grants CMMI-1635490 (A Simulation Platform to Enhance Infrastructure and Community Resilience to Extreme Heat Events), and CMMI-1942805 (CAREER: Human Thermal Exposure in Cities - Novel Sensing and Modeling to Build Heat-Resilience). 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Sci Total Environ 766:144376. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144376\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144376\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"international-journal-of-biometeorology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ijbm","sideBox":"Learn more about [International Journal of Biometeorology](http://link.springer.com/journal/484)","snPcode":"484","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ijbm/default2.aspx","title":"International Journal of Biometeorology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Urban, climate, occupational heat exposure, personal heat exposure","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4204964/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4204964/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eHeat exposure for urban populations has become more prevalent as the temperature and duration of heat waves in cities increase. Occupational exposure to heat is a major concern for personal health, and excessive heat exposure can cause devastating outcomes. While occupational heat exposure studies have traditionally focused on environmental temperature, work intensity, and clothing, little is known about the daily exposure profile of workers, including their daily travel and working patterns. This study developed a novel measure of exposure and reprieve dynamics, the moving average hourly exposure (MAHE) to balance short-duration but high-exposure events and capture the inability to reprieve from exposure events. MAHE was assessed by combining an activity-based travel model (ABM) and the Occupational Requirement Survey to simulate urban workers' total daily heat exposure. The simulation considers daily travel, work schedules, and outdoor working frequency. The simulation was conducted for 1\u0026nbsp;million workers in Phoenix, Arizona, using Mean Radiant Temperature (MRT). The results show that 53\u0026ndash;89% of workers in Phoenix's construction, agriculture, transportation, raw material extraction, and entertainment industries will likely experience MAHE over 38\u0026deg;C for at least an hour. These industries also have up to 34% of the laborers exposed to over 7 hours of continuous 38\u0026deg;C and above MAHE exposure. The location of the most intense heat exposure was identified near the downtown and central business districts, significantly different from the home locations of the workers in suburban and rural areas. Formulating the MAHE balances heat risk events with cooling benefits and aids in identifying individuals with prolonged high heat exposure.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Characterizing Individual Occupation and Travel Heat Burdens through Exposure and Reprieve","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-04-29 16:41:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-4204964/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"","date":"2024-06-03T16:08:22+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2024-04-23T00:06:45+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2024-04-15T17:20:46+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"International Journal of Biometeorology","date":"2024-04-08T04:38:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"international-journal-of-biometeorology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ijbm","sideBox":"Learn more about [International Journal of Biometeorology](http://link.springer.com/journal/484)","snPcode":"484","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ijbm/default2.aspx","title":"International Journal of Biometeorology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0cb197e5-397f-4a1a-b895-c200c241260d","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 29th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-11-12T21:00:21+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2024-04-29 16:41:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-4204964","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-4204964","identity":"rs-4204964","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}