Comparative genomic analysis of five Coprinus species

Abstract Although Coprinus is widely known for the phenomenon of deliquescence and production of fungal laccases and extracellular peroxygenases, the genome structure and genetic diversity of Coprinus species have not been extensively studied. To reveal the genomic structure and diversity in Coprinus species, the genomes of five Coprinus species were compared and analyzed. A total of 24,303 orthologous gene families, including 89,462 genes, were identified in the five species. The numbers of core, softcore, dispensable, and private genes were 5617 (25.6%), 1628 (7.4%), 2083 (9.5%), and 12574 (57.4%), respectively. Differentiation time analysis revealed that Coprinellus micaceus and Coprinellus angulatus differentiated approximately 181.0 million years ago. Coprinopsis cinerea and Coprinopsis marcescibilis differentiated approximately 131.0 million years ago, and they were differentiated from Candolleomyces aberdarensis approximately 176.0 million years ago. Gene family contraction and expansion analyses showed that 1,465 genes and 532 gene families were expanded, and 95 genes and 134 gene families were contracted. Ninety-five laccase-coding genes were detected in the five species, and the distribution of the laccase-coding genes in the five species was not uniform. These data provide a reference for a deeper understanding of the genetic structure of the genomes of Coprinus species. Furthermore, this study provides a reference for follow-up studies on the genome structure of Coprinus species and the diversity of specific functional genes.