The effect of ellagic acid on sex hormones and miRNA-21 expression in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder affecting reproductive-age women, characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The syndrome's multifactorial etiology involves genetic, hormonal, metabolic, and environmental factors. PCOS also extends its impact to metabolic abnormalities, such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and an increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Addressing PCOS requires a comprehensive approach due to its diverse effects. Results: A study investigated the potential effects of ellagic acid, a natural polyphenol found in fruits and vegetables, on PCOS. Using a mouse model, the study examined hormonal profiles, ovarian morphology, and miRNA-21 expression. PCOS mice exhibited elevated LH levels, reduced numbers of primordial and graafian follicles, and altered miRNA-21 expression compared to control mice. Ellagic acid treatment showed reduced LH levels and restoration of follicular development, particularly primordial and graafian follicles, along with modulation of miRNA-21 expression. Moreover, ellagic acid exhibited positive effects on ovarian morphology, including decreased theca layer thickness, increased oocyte diameter, and improvements in antral and preovulatory follicles. This suggests ellagic acid's potential in addressing follicular development and oocyte quality in PCOS. Conclusions: The study underscores the therapeutic potential of ellagic acid in ameliorating PCOS-related abnormalities. Ellagic acid treatment improved hormonal profiles, restored follicular development, and influenced miRNA-21 expression. These findings suggest ellagic acid as a potential complementary approach in PCOS management. While the study is promising, further research, including clinical trials, is required to elucidate ellagic acid's mechanisms and clinical efficacy in human PCOS subjects.