Advanced Neural Network Strategies for Optimal Power Flow in Contemporary Power Systems: A Comprehensive Review

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) calculations are essential for ensuring the stability and economic efficiency of power systems, which must adapt to meet dynamic consumer demands and integrate emerging technologies. This paper delves into the role of neural networks in revolutionizing OPF calculations, offering a detailed comparison with traditional methods to underscore their potential in enhancing grid operation and energy efficiency. We explore the fundamentals of neural network technology, diverse architectures used in OPF, practical case studies, and prospective technological trends. The review extends to address challenges introduced by renewable energy sources, electric vehicle integration, and power electronics, including HVDC systems, presenting neural networks as versatile tools for future-proofing power system operations. This comprehensive guide aims to equip researchers and practitioners with insights into leveraging these advanced computational models for sophisticated power management tasks.