Handmade Frameless Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for Chinese Patients: A Retrospective Self-Controlled Observational Study

Handmade Frameless Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for Chinese Patients: A Retrospective Self-Controlled Observational Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Short Report Handmade Frameless Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System for Chinese Patients: A Retrospective Self-Controlled Observational Study Yu Wang, Li Zhang, Xiaowen Wu, Hua Yan, Jiang Cheng, Jie Gao This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6633463/v2 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Abstract Background: Expulsion is a common complication of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). To address this clinical problem, some Chinese gynecologists have developed a handmade frameless LNG-IUS by combining the GyneFix intrauterine device and conventional LNG-IUS. Objective: To describe the fabrication and application of this handmade frameless LNG-IUS, and evaluate its efficacy in reducing LNG-IUS expulsion using a retrospective self-controlled observational design. Methods: The T-shaped arms of the LNG-IUS were removed, and its tubular column was connected via tail threads to the GyneFix anchor system with copper rings removed, forming a handmade frameless GyneFix-LNG-IUS. The device was inserted into the uterine fundus using a standard GyneFix applicator. Clinical data were collected from 15 consecutive patients with a history of IUD expulsion who underwent device insertion at our institution, with follow-up exceeding 1 year. Results: The device fabrication and insertion were straightforward and uneventful. No device migration or expulsion was observed during follow-up. Conclusion: The handmade GyneFix-LNG-IUS effectively reduces downward migration and expulsion of the LNG-IUS. It is a safe and feasible alternative for patients at high risk of LNG-IUS expulsion. Obstetrics & Gynecology Intrauterine Devices Medicated Menorrhagia Adenomyosis Hysteroscopes Adverse Effects Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files ESM.PDF.pdf OnlineResource1.avi OnlineResource2.avi Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 2 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Show more versions Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6633463","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Short Report","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":458704792,"identity":"24494e3b-6e06-4948-8b95-9db0a00d52f5","order_by":0,"name":"Yu Wang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yu","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""},{"id":458704793,"identity":"01a3a6a3-cbb1-408b-9054-9b83c51c214a","order_by":1,"name":"Li Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Third People's Hospital of Bengbu, Bengbu 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Study\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Intrauterine Devices, Medicated, Menorrhagia, Adenomyosis, Hysteroscopes, Adverse Effects","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6633463/v2","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6633463/v2","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003eExpulsion is a common complication of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS). To address this clinical problem, some Chinese gynecologists have developed a handmade frameless LNG-IUS by combining the GyneFix intrauterine device and conventional LNG-IUS.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eObjective:\u003c/strong\u003eTo describe the fabrication and application of this handmade frameless LNG-IUS, and evaluate its efficacy in reducing LNG-IUS expulsion using a retrospective self-controlled observational design.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003eThe T-shaped arms of the LNG-IUS were removed, and its tubular column was connected via tail threads to the GyneFix anchor system with copper rings removed, forming a handmade frameless GyneFix-LNG-IUS. The device was inserted into the uterine fundus using a standard GyneFix applicator. 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