A Selective Method for Identifying Single-Phase Ground Faults with Transient Resistance in Isolated Neutral Medium-Voltage Networks

A Selective Method for Identifying Single-Phase Ground Faults with Transient Resistance in Isolated Neutral Medium-Voltage Networks | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article A Selective Method for Identifying Single-Phase Ground Faults with Transient Resistance in Isolated Neutral Medium-Voltage Networks Merey Jetpissov, Kazhybek Tergemes, Saken Sheryazov, Algazy Zhauyt, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7278521/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This article presents a new selective method for identifying a faulty feeder in 6–35 kV electrical distribution networks with the isolated neutral configuration during single-phase ground faults (SPGFs) with transient resistance. The method is based on simultaneous comparison of the zero-sequence current (ZSC) angle and magnitude across all outgoing feeders and substation buses. Unlike conventional protection approaches relying solely on current magnitude or direction, the proposed algorithm enhances sensitivity and selectivity by detecting the 180° phase opposition between the faulted feeder's ZSC and the unfaulted feeders’ capacitive ZSC. To implement this strategy, a Centralized Ground Fault Protection Unit (CGFPU) was developed, capable of real-time feeder status monitoring, fault localization, and differentiated alarm or trip signal generation. Extensive modeling of SPGF processes was conducted in Matlab Simulink, considering transient resistance values ranging from 1 Ω to 10,000 Ω. Results demonstrated the nonlinear behavior of ground fault and capacitive currents relative to the transient resistance, with a notable shift in phasor angles approaching 180° for faulty feeders and near 0° for unfaulted feeders during bus faults. The CGFPU algorithm was tested under various scenarios, including feeder and busbar faults with different resistance levels, validating its capability to issue an alarm at high- resistance faults and trip signals for low-resistance bolted faults. The proposed method effectively ensures stable operation over a wide range of transient resistance values, maintains protection sensitivity even under high-impedance fault conditions, and resists nuisance tripping caused by charging or inrush currents. Integration of advanced concepts such as dynamic threshold setting, angle-magnitude multi-criteria decision-making, and principles of transient fault analysis further enhances the system's robustness. The protection system design is adaptable for future smart grid and microgrid applications requiring precise ground fault detection. The article also provides functional diagrams, operation algorithms, and a thorough theoretical analysis supported by simulation results. single-phase ground fault isolated neutral electrical network capacitive current zero-sequence current (ZSC) transient resistance centralized ground fault protection unit (CGFPU) Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7278521","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":526008571,"identity":"d0c3adc1-94fd-43dc-990a-569420d4bbbd","order_by":0,"name":"Merey Jetpissov","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Almaty University of Power Engineering and Telecommunications Named After G. 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The method is based on simultaneous comparison of the zero-sequence current (ZSC) angle and magnitude across all outgoing feeders and substation buses. Unlike conventional protection approaches relying solely on current magnitude or direction, the proposed algorithm enhances sensitivity and selectivity by detecting the 180\u0026deg; phase opposition between the faulted feeder's ZSC and the unfaulted feeders\u0026rsquo; capacitive ZSC. To implement this strategy, a Centralized Ground Fault Protection Unit (CGFPU) was developed, capable of real-time feeder status monitoring, fault localization, and differentiated alarm or trip signal generation. Extensive modeling of SPGF processes was conducted in Matlab Simulink, considering transient resistance values ranging from 1 Ω to 10,000 Ω. Results demonstrated the nonlinear behavior of ground fault and capacitive currents relative to the transient resistance, with a notable shift in phasor angles approaching 180\u0026deg; for faulty feeders and near 0\u0026deg; for unfaulted feeders during bus faults. The CGFPU algorithm was tested under various scenarios, including feeder and busbar faults with different resistance levels, validating its capability to issue an alarm at high- resistance faults and trip signals for low-resistance bolted faults. The proposed method effectively ensures stable operation over a wide range of transient resistance values, maintains protection sensitivity even under high-impedance fault conditions, and resists nuisance tripping caused by charging or inrush currents. Integration of advanced concepts such as dynamic threshold setting, angle-magnitude multi-criteria decision-making, and principles of transient fault analysis further enhances the system's robustness. The protection system design is adaptable for future smart grid and microgrid applications requiring precise ground fault detection. 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