Pneumothorax: from definition to diagnosis and treatment.

Zarogoulidis P, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Κonstantinos Porpodis, Lampaki S, Papaiwannou A, Katsikogiannis N, Zaric B, Branislav P, Secen N, Dryllis G, Machairiotis N, Rapti A, Zarogoulidis K
Journal of thoracic disease · 2014 · doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2014.09.24 · PMID:25337391 · PMC4203989
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⚙ AI-generated summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-08-25 ⓘ

This special issue presents definitions, diagnostic methods using chest X-rays or CT scans, and various treatment approaches for primary, secondary, and tension pneumothorax from international experts.

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⚙ AI-generated deep summary by qwen3.7-flash, 2026-08-23 · read from full text ⓘ

This review article categorizes pneumothorax into primary spontaneous, secondary spontaneous, and traumatic types, outlining their distinct risk factors, clinical presentations, and underlying physiological mechanisms. It details a spectrum of treatment strategies ranging from conservative observation and needle aspiration to chest tube insertion, chemical pleurodesis, and surgical interventions like VATS, noting that management often depends on patient stability and provider expertise. The text explicitly lists endometriosis among the underlying lung diseases associated with secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, alongside conditions such as COPD and cystic fibrosis. Relevance to endometriosis: listed as one indication for secondary spontaneous pneumothorax, though the paper's main focus is the general definition, diagnosis, and treatment of pneumothorax.

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Abstract

Pneumothorax is an urgent situation that has to be treated immediately upon diagnosis. Pneumothorax is divided to primary and secondary. A primary pneumothorax is considered the one that occurs without an apparent cause and in the absence of significant lung disease. On the other hand secondary pneumothorax occurs in the presence of existing lung pathology. There is the case where an amount of air in the chest increases markedly and a one-way valve is formed leading to a tension pneumothorax. Unless reversed by effective treatment, this situation can progress and cause death. Pneumothorax can be caused by physical trauma to the chest or as a complication of medical or surgical intervention (biopsy). Symptoms typically include chest pain and shortness of breath. Diagnosis of a pneumothorax requires a chest X-ray or computed tomography (CT) scan. Small spontaneous pneumothoraces typically resolve without treatment and require only monitoring. In our current special issue we will present the definition, diagnosis and treatment of pneumothorax from different experts in the field, different countries and present different methods of treatment.
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Acknowledgements

Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

References

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