Bioinspired NiCoO2 nanocomposites derived from Moringa oleifera as a recyclable catalyst for multicomponent reactions with potent antimicrobial efficiency

Bioinspired NiCoO2 nanocomposites derived from Moringa oleifera as a recyclable catalyst for multicomponent reactions with potent antimicrobial efficiency | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Bioinspired NiCoO 2 nanocomposites derived from Moringa oleifera as a recyclable catalyst for multicomponent reactions with potent antimicrobial efficiency Prakash Kokare, Avdhut Kadam, Ashwini More, Vijay Shinde, Vishvanath Ghanwat, and 5 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7999781/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 17 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract A green synthetic approach was developed to produce NiCoO2 nanocomposite using an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera which acts as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The fabrication of NiCoO2 nanocomposites have shown successful crystalline synthesis with effective antimicrobial performance. These nanocomposites were extensively characterized using techniques such as UV–visible, FTIR,XRD,SEM, EDS, BET and fluorescence spectroscopy. These analyses confirmed their crystalline structure, elemental composition, thermal stability, and distinct surface functional groups. The synthesized materials were used for antimicrobial study against bacterial strains such as S. aureus, B. cereus, P. vulgaris, and S. typhimurium. The results demonstrated strong antimicrobial efficacy of the prepared materials. As heterogeneous catalysts, the NiCoO2 nanocomposites were deployed in a one pot multicomponent condensation reaction involving aldehyde, hydrazine hydrate, barbituric acid and ethyl acetoacetate under ultrasonicator. This protocol yielded pyrazolopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinederivatives with up to 98% efficiency within remarkably short reaction times. The catalyst retained its activity over five consecutive cycles, indicative of excellent recyclability. Additionally, the final products exhibited excellent antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Such antimicrobial efficacy is in line with established findings on NiCoO2 nanocomposite, which typically exhibit greater bacteriostatic effects than other metal oxides. This methodology embodies the principles of green chemistry by using renewable plant-derived extracts, mild reaction conditions, ultrasonic assistance, and recycle nanocatalysts. It provides a sustainable, cost-effective strategy for nanocomposite production and heterocyclic compound synthesis, reinforcing eco-friendly advancements in nanotechnology and catalysis. NiCoO2 nanocomposite Moringa oleifera leaves extract Ultrasonication Soxhlet technique 98% yield Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files discoverofjournalSuplimentaryNiCoO21.pdf Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 10 Jan, 2026 Reviews received at journal 21 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 21 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 19 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 16 Dec, 2025 Reviews received at journal 15 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 15 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 14 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Dec, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Dec, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Dec, 2025 Editor invited by journal 02 Dec, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 26 Nov, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 10 Nov, 2025 First submitted to journal 10 Nov, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7999781","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":558845481,"identity":"a2ceae87-d142-43b1-915a-c4887ce66ef8","order_by":0,"name":"Prakash Kokare","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Yashavantrao Chavan Institute of Science, Constituent college of Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Prakash","middleName":"","lastName":"Kokare","suffix":""},{"id":558845482,"identity":"4b0869b9-23a2-4736-b0c9-f99d94fa3d79","order_by":1,"name":"Avdhut 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efficiency\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-nano","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"narl","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Nano](https://www.springer.com/journal/11671)","snPcode":"11671","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11671/3","title":"Discover Nano","twitterHandle":"@SpringerOpen","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"NiCoO2 nanocomposite, Moringa oleifera leaves extract, Ultrasonication, Soxhlet technique, 98% yield","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7999781/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7999781/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"A green synthetic approach was developed to produce NiCoO2 nanocomposite using an aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera which acts as both a reducing and stabilizing agent. The fabrication of NiCoO2 nanocomposites have shown successful crystalline synthesis with effective antimicrobial performance. These nanocomposites were extensively characterized using techniques such as UV–visible, FTIR,XRD,SEM, EDS, BET and fluorescence spectroscopy. These analyses confirmed their crystalline structure, elemental composition, thermal stability, and distinct surface functional groups. The synthesized materials were used for antimicrobial study against bacterial strains such as S. aureus, B. cereus, P. vulgaris, and S. typhimurium. The results demonstrated strong antimicrobial efficacy of the prepared materials. As heterogeneous catalysts, the NiCoO2 nanocomposites were deployed in a one pot multicomponent condensation reaction involving aldehyde, hydrazine hydrate, barbituric acid and ethyl acetoacetate under ultrasonicator. This protocol yielded pyrazolopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidinederivatives with up to 98% efficiency within remarkably short reaction times. The catalyst retained its activity over five consecutive cycles, indicative of excellent recyclability. Additionally, the final products exhibited excellent antimicrobial efficacy against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms. Such antimicrobial efficacy is in line with established findings on NiCoO2 nanocomposite, which typically exhibit greater bacteriostatic effects than other metal oxides. This methodology embodies the principles of green chemistry by using renewable plant-derived extracts, mild reaction conditions, ultrasonic assistance, and recycle nanocatalysts. It provides a sustainable, cost-effective strategy for nanocomposite production and heterocyclic compound synthesis, reinforcing eco-friendly advancements in nanotechnology and catalysis.","manuscriptTitle":"Bioinspired NiCoO2 nanocomposites derived from Moringa oleifera as a recyclable catalyst for multicomponent reactions with potent antimicrobial efficiency","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-12-13 01:11:24","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7999781/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2026-01-10T11:47:08+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-21T14:58:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-21T05:50:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-19T08:57:13+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"142078676586420472062178731571253511414","date":"2025-12-16T15:15:14+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-12-16T00:00:58+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"40433299665106431600080274863005643634","date":"2025-12-15T21:57:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"105647965507237470285941901748607785602","date":"2025-12-14T17:27:34+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"240478557379623504793792884857225621877","date":"2025-12-14T07:22:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"183121532081962208638173924182189176255","date":"2025-12-14T06:29:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"169526827776413191765408807004223677142","date":"2025-12-12T04:30:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"144997015798363389686370428021859298712","date":"2025-12-11T13:00:19+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-09T12:40:55+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-12-02T17:35:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-11-26T06:57:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-11-10T12:58:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Discover Nano","date":"2025-11-10T12:54:36+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"discover-nano","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"narl","sideBox":"Learn more about [Discover Nano](https://www.springer.com/journal/11671)","snPcode":"11671","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/11671/3","title":"Discover Nano","twitterHandle":"@SpringerOpen","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Discover Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"07207156-3b87-4885-9c9a-6b7e644d651b","owner":[],"postedDate":"December 13th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2026-05-07T19:38:42+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-12-13 01:11:24","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-7999781","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-7999781","identity":"rs-7999781","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"XKTyCvWXoU3ODBz1xrDgd","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}