Fibrinogen anchors for micropatterning of active proteins and subcellular receptor relocalisation

Protein micropatterning allows proteins to be precisely deposited onto a substrate of choice, and is now routinely used in cell biology and in vitro reconstitution. However, a drawback of current technology is that micropatterning efficiency can be variable between proteins, and that proteins may lose activity on the micropatterns. Here, we describe a general method to enable micropatterning of virtually any protein at high specificity and homogeneity while maintaining its activity. Our method is based on an anchor that micropatterns well, Fibrinogen, which we functionalized to bind to common purification tags. This enhances micropatterning on various substrates, facilitates multiplexed micropatterning, and dramatically improves the on-pattern activity of fragile proteins like molecular motors. Furthermore, it enhances the micropatterning of hard to micropattern cells. Last, this method enables subcellular micropatterning, whereby complex micropatterns simultaneously control cell shape and the distribution of transmembrane receptors within that cell. Altogether, these results open new avenues for cell biology.