A Retrospective Study on the Clinical Profile of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Reproductive-Age Women

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is a prevalent gynecological disorder characterized by deviations in menstrual cycle ‘regularity, duration, frequency, and volume, with significant physical, psychological, and social impacts on reproductive-age women. Aim: To retrospectively analyze the clinical profile, etiological patterns, and management strategies of AUB in women of reproductive age. Methodology: A retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, MGM Medical College and Hospital, reviewing 90 patient records from January 2023 to December 2023. Data on demographics, menstrual patterns, laboratory and imaging findings, etiological classification (PALM-COEIN), and treatment modalities were collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: The majority of participants were aged 25–34 years (38.9%) with normal BMI (55.6%) and parity of 12 children (44.4%). Heavy menstrual bleeding (42.2%) was the most common presentation. Structural causes (55.6%), particularly leiomyoma (20%) and adenomyosis (13.3%), slightly predominated over non-structural causes (44.4%). Anemia (33.3%), thyroid dysfunction (13.3%), and uterine abnormalities (50%) were frequently observed. Medical management, especially hormonal therapy (44.4%), was preferred, while surgical interventions were reserved for selected cases. Age, stress, hypertension, and smoking were significantly associated with AUB. Conclusion: AUB in reproductive-age women is multifactorial, with structural etiologies slightly more prevalent. Early recognition, individualized management, and addressing contributory factors are essential for improving outcomes and quality of’ life.