Complete Genome Analysis of a Novel Shewanella Phage vB_Sb_QDWS

Complete Genome Analysis of a Novel Shewanella Phage vB_Sb_QDWS | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Complete Genome Analysis of a Novel Shewanella Phage vB_Sb_QDWS Lin Tan, Guanhua Xuan, Hong Lin, Jingxue Wang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-906669/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Apr, 2022 Read the published version in Archives of Virology → Version 1 posted 5 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract We present here the results of the analysis of the complete genome sequence of a lytic bacteriophage, vB_Sb_QDWS, which is isolated from wastewater samples collected in Qingdao, China. The genome of phage vB_Sb_QDWS is composed of circular double-stranded DNA that is 47,902 bp in length with a G + C content of 63.16%. It has been predicted to contain 69 putative protein-coding genes. Phage morphology and bioinformatic analysis indicated that vB_Sb_QDWS is a novel phage of the family Siphoviridae. Virology Shewanella vB_Sb_QDWS complete genome sequence Siphoviridae Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Main Text Microbial growth and metabolism are the major cause of seafood spoilage. And Shewanella species is a typical specific spoilage organism that is capable of degrading nitrogenous substances into amine, sulfides, and organic acids, producing unpleasant flavors and odors [1, 12]. The Shewanella species are the major spoilage flora in the iced marine fish such as large yellow croaker ( Pseudosciaena crocea ) [2] and bighead carp ( Aristichthys nobilis ) [8], that posed large economic losses. Therefore, taking measures to control growth of Shewanella species is necessary for extending the preservation life of seafood during low temperature storage. Phages could infect bacteria with high specificity, and it has demonstrated potential as antibacterial drugs [4, 9]. However, phages infecting Shewanella spp. had largely been unexplored. In this study, we have sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of a newly isolated Shewanella baltica phage vB_Sb_QDWS. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that vB_Sb_QDWS is a new member of the family Siphoviridae and might belong to a novel phage lineage. The bacterial strain used in this study was Shewanella baltica OS155, which was grown on LB medium at 25 °C, in a shaking incubator. And it was also used as the host for isolation of phage vB_Sb_QDWS. The isolation and purification of phage vB_Sb_QDWS collected from wastewater samples in Qingdao were done according to the procedures described previously [7, 15]. Phage vB_Sb_QDWS could produce small plaques on S. baltica OS155 lawns grown on LB soft agar at 25 °C (Fig. 1A). To examine the morphology of phage vB_Sb_QDWS, the purified phage particles were observed using a JEM-2000EX transmission electron microscope (TEM) (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). TEM results revealed that vB_Sb_QDWS has an icosahedral head (70 ± 2 nm) connected to a tail (235 ± 5 nm). Based on the morphology features, vB_Sb_QDWS was designated as a member of the family Siphoviridae (Fig. 1B). Genomic DNA was purified using a Bacteria DNA Kit (OMEGA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Whole-genome sequencing and assembly were performed by Shanghai Biozeron Biothchnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China.) on the Illumina Hiseq paired-end platform. Phage vB_Sb_QDWS was found to have a double-stranded DNA genome with a length of 47,902 bp and an overall G+C content of 63.16% (Fig. 2). Using the GeneMark server (http://topaz.gatech.edu/GeneMark/genemarks.cgi) and the RAST server (http://rast.nmpdr.org/rast.cgi), we identified 69 open reading frames (ORFs) and predicted 49 putative protein coding genes in the genome, 20 of which were functionally assigned by searching against the non-redundant protein database with BLASTp (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). These functionally assigned proteins involved in DNA packaging and replication, head and tail morphogenesis and host lysis (Table S1). We identified genes for the host nuclease inhibitor protein (ORF 8), endolysin (ORF 20), lysis protein (ORF 33), terminase large subunit (ORF 47), baseplate protein (ORF 27/29), tail fiber protein (ORF 25) and portal protein (ORF 46). No tRNA genes were searched by using tRNAscan-SE [10]. To assess the phylogenetic relationship of vB_Sb_QDWS to known phages, a proteomic tree was generated in MEGA7.0 [5] using the neighbor-joining method based on the terminase large subunit (ORF 47) sequence (Fig. 3). Eight Shewanella phages vary significantly in phage size, GC content and protein amount were selected for phylogenetic analysis. Shewanella phage S0112, Spp001, 3/49, 1/44 and SppYZU05 are from siphoviruses, while 1/41, SFCi1, SppYZU01 are from Myoviridae [3, 6, 11, 13, 14]. Results showed vB_Sb_QDWS is quite different from other Shewanella phages that have been reported, which formed an independent cluster. However, vB_Sb_QDWS and Escherichia phage Rac-SA53 (ALP46869.1) were grouped into a clade. Though, they share low similarity (query coverage, 99%; identity, 39.5%) with each other according to BLASTp results. BLASTn analysis of the whole genome sequence also showed almost no similarity between Shewanella phage vB_Sb_QDWS and other phages in the NCBI database. Based on its unique phenotype and phylogeny, vB_Sb_QDWS is considered to represent a novel group within the family Siphoviridae . Declarations Data availability The complete genome sequence of Shewanella phage vB_Sb_QDWS was deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number OK094664. Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program ( 2016YFD0400105 ), and China Agriculture Research System ( CARS-47 ). We thank Prof. Yanbo Wang for strain Shewanella baltica OS155. Conflicts of interest No conflict of interests. References Feng L, Bi W, Chen S, Zhu J, Liu X (2021) Regulatory function of sigma factors RpoS/RpoN in adaptation and spoilage potential of Shewanella baltica. Food Microbiol 97:103755 Ge Y, Zhu J, Ye X, Yang Y (2017) Spoilage potential characterization of Shewanella and Pseudomonas isolated from spoiled large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Lett Appl Microbiol 64:86-93 Han F, Li M, Lin H, Wang J, Cao L, Khan MN (2014) The novel Shewanella putrefaciens-infecting bacteriophage Spp001: genome sequence and lytic enzymes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 41:1017-1026 Kazi M, Annapure US (2016) Bacteriophage biocontrol of foodborne pathogens. J Food Sci Tech Mys 53:1355-1362 Kumar S, Nei M, Dudley J, Tamura K (2008) MEGA: A biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequences. Brief Bioinform 9:299-306 Leigh B, Karrer C, Cannon JP, Breitbart M, Dishaw LJ (2017) Isolation and Characterization of a Shewanella Phage-Host System from the Gut of the Tunicate, Ciona intestinalis. Viruses 9:60 Li M, Li MZ, Lin H, Wang JX, Jin YQ, Han F (2016) Characterization of the novel T4-like Salmonella enterica bacteriophage STP4-a and its endolysin. Arch Virol 161:377-384 Liu X, Huang Z, Jia S, Zhang J, Li K, Luo Y (2018) The roles of bacteria in the biochemical changes of chill-stored bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis): Proteins degradation, biogenic amines accumulation, volatiles production, and nucleotides catabolism. Food Chem 255:174-181 Royer S, Morais AP, Batistao DWD (2021) Phage therapy as strategy to face post-antibiotic era: a guide to beginners and experts. Archives of Microbiology 203:1271-1279 Schattner P, Brooks AN, Lowe TM (2005) The tRNAscan-SE, snoscan and snoGPS web servers for the detection of tRNAs and snoRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 33:W686-689 Sencilo A, Luhtanen AM, Saarijarvi M, Bamford DH, Roine E (2015) Cold-active bacteriophages from the Baltic Sea ice have diverse genomes and virus-host interactions. Environmental Microbiology 17:3628-3641 Wang Y, Wang F, Wang C, Li X, Fu L (2019) Positive Regulation of Spoilage Potential and Biofilm Formation in Shewanella baltica OS155 via Quorum Sensing System Composed of DKP and Orphan LuxRs. Front Microbiol 10:135 Wang ZM, Zhao JL, Wang L, Li CC, Liu JH, Zhang LH, Zhang YY (2019) A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting Shewanella with Strong Replication Ability. Viruses-Basel 11:1081 Yang ZQ, Tao XY, Zhang H, Rao SQ, Gao L, Pan ZM, Jiao XA (2019) Isolation and characterization of virulent phages infecting Shewanella baltica and Shewanella putrefaciens, and their application for biopreservation of chilled channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Int J Food Microbiol 292:107-117 Zhang WH, Mi ZQ, Yin XY, Fan H, An XP, Zhang ZY, Chen JK, Tong YG (2013) Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis Phage IME-EF1 and Its Endolysin. Plos One 8:1 Supplementary Files PhagevBSbQDWSgenomesequence.docx supplementalmaterial.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Apr, 2022 Read the published version in Archives of Virology → Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 19 Oct, 2021 Reviewers invited by journal 07 Oct, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 20 Sep, 2021 First submitted to journal 19 Sep, 2021 Editorial decision: Major Revision 15 Sep, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-906669","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":55419152,"identity":"f103d606-0c63-4012-b653-9cd054a8e1a2","order_by":0,"name":"Lin Tan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ocean University of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Lin","middleName":"","lastName":"Tan","suffix":""},{"id":55419153,"identity":"0bbfffbc-918d-4099-a320-eede7ab0c3df","order_by":1,"name":"Guanhua Xuan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ocean university of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Guanhua","middleName":"","lastName":"Xuan","suffix":""},{"id":55419154,"identity":"317ee51d-deba-4afa-925e-f06a5901ad08","order_by":2,"name":"Hong Lin","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ocean University of China","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Hong","middleName":"","lastName":"Lin","suffix":""},{"id":55419155,"identity":"f5b161b0-4dba-44ca-937a-8abe144c969d","order_by":3,"name":"Jingxue Wang","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAo0lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYLCCDxDKgHgdjDNI1sLMQ5IW+dnNx6RtKg7LM7A3b5NgqLlDWIvBnWNp0jlnDhs28Bwrk2A49owILRI5Zrdz2w4nMAAZEowNh4lw2AygFkuQFvk3RGphuAHUwgi2hYdILQY30tJ/9pxJN2zjSSu2SDhGlMOSDxv8qLCW52c/vPHGhxpiHAYDbCAigQQNo2AUjIJRMArwAAAmkTQJrL2vIAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6705-815X","institution":"Ocean University of China","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jingxue","middleName":"","lastName":"Wang","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-09-14 22:45:53","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-906669/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-906669/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05435-5","type":"published","date":"2022-04-08T10:58:26+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":14271560,"identity":"7901cf9c-a73e-47ce-8fdb-3aaa3bd0cc2f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-05 18:42:53","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":603336,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Plaque morphology (A) and virion morphology (B) of phage vB_Sb_QDWS. The scale bar is 100 nm.","description":"","filename":"Fig1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-906669/v1/23a72063eb674304295939ed.jpg"},{"id":14271860,"identity":"4afdc7de-c293-483e-bd5d-4a6d7a5db601","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-05 18:45:53","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":548428,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Complete genome analysis of phage vB_Sb_QDWS. Circles display from outside to inside, circle 1 shows a numbered scale in intervals of 1,000 nt, and circle 2 shows ORFs transcribed in the clockwise or the counterclockwise direction. Circle 3 represents the G+C% content, oriented outward and those lower than that oriented inward. Circle 4 represents the GC skew, with values greater than zero shown in lake blue and smaller values are in yellow.","description":"","filename":"Fig2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-906669/v1/428ccd2421ad1b796e811b84.jpg"},{"id":14271562,"identity":"f62ec4e4-efbb-4d8c-aa23-864e00c86b99","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-05 18:42:53","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":298491,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree based on the amino acid sequence of the terminase large subunit was generated using MEGA 7.0. Bootstrap values were based on 1000 replicates.","description":"","filename":"Fig3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-906669/v1/3982ceeaccf7c5f6457b7e6f.jpg"},{"id":20109140,"identity":"a2237311-30e8-44a6-a66e-4e1f87172e95","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-04-08 10:58:33","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":564849,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-906669/v1/3b01bc0a-0eed-4c0f-a5e3-b858d63e4d24.pdf"},{"id":14271561,"identity":"c51b561d-4d2a-437b-9aff-0427e268db3e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-05 18:42:53","extension":"docx","order_by":4,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":55273,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"PhagevBSbQDWSgenomesequence.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-906669/v1/fde99356b32c92298b9280f2.docx"},{"id":14271564,"identity":"707b8547-9399-470c-8543-47447982937d","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-10-05 18:42:53","extension":"docx","order_by":5,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1213830,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"supplementalmaterial.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-906669/v1/f62586c1209f022b822298d8.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eComplete Genome Analysis of a Novel \u003cem\u003eShewanella \u003c/em\u003ePhage vB_Sb_QDWS\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[{"header":"Main Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eMicrobial growth and metabolism are the major cause of seafood spoilage. And \u003cem\u003eShewanella\u003c/em\u003e species is a typical specific spoilage organism that is capable of degrading nitrogenous substances into amine, sulfides, and organic acids, producing unpleasant flavors and odors [1, 12]. The \u003cem\u003eShewanella\u003c/em\u003e species are the major spoilage flora in the iced marine fish such as large yellow croaker (\u003cem\u003ePseudosciaena crocea\u003c/em\u003e) [2] and bighead carp (\u003cem\u003eAristichthys nobilis\u003c/em\u003e) [8], that posed large economic losses. Therefore, taking measures to control growth of \u003cem\u003eShewanella\u003c/em\u003e species is necessary for extending the preservation life of seafood during low temperature storage. Phages could infect bacteria with high specificity, and it has demonstrated potential as antibacterial drugs [4, 9]. However, phages infecting \u003cem\u003eShewanella\u003c/em\u003e spp. had largely been unexplored. In this study, we have sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of a newly isolated \u003cem\u003eShewanella baltica\u003c/em\u003e phage vB_Sb_QDWS. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that vB_Sb_QDWS is a new member of the family \u003cem\u003eSiphoviridae\u003c/em\u003e and might belong to a novel phage lineage.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe bacterial strain used in this study was\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Shewanella baltica\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eOS155, which was grown on LB medium at 25 \u0026deg;C, in a shaking incubator. And it was also used as the host for isolation of phage vB_Sb_QDWS. The isolation and purification of phage vB_Sb_QDWS collected from wastewater samples in Qingdao were done according to the procedures described previously [7, 15]. Phage vB_Sb_QDWS could produce small plaques on \u003cem\u003eS. baltica\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eOS155 lawns grown on LB soft agar at 25 \u0026deg;C (Fig. 1A). To examine the morphology of phage vB_Sb_QDWS, the purified phage particles were observed using a JEM-2000EX transmission electron microscope (TEM) (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan). TEM results revealed that vB_Sb_QDWS has an icosahedral head (70 \u0026plusmn; 2 nm) connected to a tail (235 \u0026plusmn; 5 nm). Based on the morphology features, vB_Sb_QDWS was designated as a member of the family \u003cem\u003eSiphoviridae\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003e(Fig. 1B).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGenomic DNA was purified using a Bacteria DNA Kit (OMEGA) according to the manufacturer\u0026rsquo;s instructions. Whole-genome sequencing and assembly were performed by Shanghai Biozeron Biothchnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China.) on the Illumina Hiseq paired-end platform. Phage vB_Sb_QDWS was found to have a double-stranded DNA genome with a length of 47,902 bp and an overall G+C content of 63.16% (Fig. 2). Using the GeneMark server (http://topaz.gatech.edu/GeneMark/genemarks.cgi) and the RAST server (http://rast.nmpdr.org/rast.cgi), we identified 69 open reading frames (ORFs) and predicted 49 putative protein coding genes in the genome, 20 of which were functionally assigned by searching against the non-redundant protein database with BLASTp (http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). These functionally assigned proteins involved in DNA packaging and replication, head and tail morphogenesis and host lysis (Table S1). We identified genes for the host nuclease inhibitor protein (ORF 8), endolysin (ORF 20), lysis protein (ORF 33), terminase large subunit (ORF 47), baseplate protein (ORF 27/29), tail fiber protein (ORF 25) and portal protein (ORF 46). No tRNA genes were searched by using tRNAscan-SE [10].\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eTo assess the phylogenetic relationship of vB_Sb_QDWS to known phages, a proteomic tree was generated in MEGA7.0 [5] using the neighbor-joining method based on the terminase large subunit (ORF 47) sequence (Fig. 3). Eight \u003cem\u003eShewanella\u003c/em\u003e phages vary significantly in phage size, GC content and protein amount were selected for phylogenetic analysis. \u003cem\u003eShewanella\u003c/em\u003e phage S0112, Spp001, 3/49, 1/44 and SppYZU05 are from siphoviruses, while 1/41, SFCi1, SppYZU01 are from \u003cem\u003eMyoviridae\u003c/em\u003e [3, 6, 11, 13, 14]. Results showed vB_Sb_QDWS is quite different from other \u003cem\u003eShewanella\u003c/em\u003e phages that have been reported, which formed an independent cluster. However, vB_Sb_QDWS and \u003cem\u003eEscherichia\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003ephage Rac-SA53 (ALP46869.1) were grouped into a clade. Though, they share low similarity (query coverage, 99%; identity, 39.5%) with each other according to BLASTp results. BLASTn analysis of the whole genome sequence also showed almost no similarity between \u003cem\u003eShewanella\u003c/em\u003e phage vB_Sb_QDWS and other phages in the NCBI database. Based on its unique phenotype and phylogeny, vB_Sb_QDWS is considered to represent a novel group within the family\u003cem\u003e\u0026nbsp;Siphoviridae\u003c/em\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe complete genome sequence of \u003cem\u003eShewanella\u003c/em\u003e phage vB_Sb_QDWS was deposited in the GenBank database under the accession number OK094664.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThis work was supported by the\u0026nbsp;National Key Research and Development Program\u0026nbsp;(\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002364382031481X#gs1\"\u003e2016YFD0400105\u003c/a\u003e), and\u0026nbsp;China Agriculture Research System\u0026nbsp;(\u003ca href=\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002364382031481X#gs2\"\u003eCARS-47\u003c/a\u003e). We thank Prof. Yanbo Wang for strain \u003cem\u003eShewanella baltica\u0026nbsp;\u003c/em\u003eOS155.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of interest\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNo conflict of interests.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eFeng L, Bi W, Chen S, Zhu J, Liu X (2021) Regulatory function of sigma factors RpoS/RpoN in adaptation and spoilage potential of Shewanella baltica. Food Microbiol 97:103755\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGe Y, Zhu J, Ye X, Yang Y (2017) Spoilage potential characterization of Shewanella and Pseudomonas isolated from spoiled large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea). Lett Appl Microbiol 64:86-93\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eHan F, Li M, Lin H, Wang J, Cao L, Khan MN (2014) The novel Shewanella putrefaciens-infecting bacteriophage Spp001: genome sequence and lytic enzymes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 41:1017-1026\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKazi M, Annapure US (2016) Bacteriophage biocontrol of foodborne pathogens. J Food Sci Tech Mys 53:1355-1362\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eKumar S, Nei M, Dudley J, Tamura K (2008) MEGA: A biologist-centric software for evolutionary analysis of DNA and protein sequences. Brief Bioinform 9:299-306\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLeigh B, Karrer C, Cannon JP, Breitbart M, Dishaw LJ (2017) Isolation and Characterization of a Shewanella Phage-Host System from the Gut of the Tunicate, Ciona intestinalis. Viruses 9:60\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLi M, Li MZ, Lin H, Wang JX, Jin YQ, Han F (2016) Characterization of the novel T4-like Salmonella enterica bacteriophage STP4-a and its endolysin. Arch Virol 161:377-384\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eLiu X, Huang Z, Jia S, Zhang J, Li K, Luo Y (2018) The roles of bacteria in the biochemical changes of chill-stored bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis): Proteins degradation, biogenic amines accumulation, volatiles production, and nucleotides catabolism. Food Chem 255:174-181\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eRoyer S, Morais AP, Batistao DWD (2021) Phage therapy as strategy to face post-antibiotic era: a guide to beginners and experts. Archives of Microbiology 203:1271-1279\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSchattner P, Brooks AN, Lowe TM (2005) The tRNAscan-SE, snoscan and snoGPS web servers for the detection of tRNAs and snoRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 33:W686-689\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eSencilo A, Luhtanen AM, Saarijarvi M, Bamford DH, Roine E (2015) Cold-active bacteriophages from the Baltic Sea ice have diverse genomes and virus-host interactions. Environmental Microbiology 17:3628-3641\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWang Y, Wang F, Wang C, Li X, Fu L (2019) Positive Regulation of Spoilage Potential and Biofilm Formation in Shewanella baltica OS155 via Quorum Sensing System Composed of DKP and Orphan LuxRs. Front Microbiol 10:135\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eWang ZM, Zhao JL, Wang L, Li CC, Liu JH, Zhang LH, Zhang YY (2019) A Novel Benthic Phage Infecting Shewanella with Strong Replication Ability. Viruses-Basel 11:1081\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eYang ZQ, Tao XY, Zhang H, Rao SQ, Gao L, Pan ZM, Jiao XA (2019) Isolation and characterization of virulent phages infecting Shewanella baltica and Shewanella putrefaciens, and their application for biopreservation of chilled channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus). Int J Food Microbiol 292:107-117\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eZhang WH, Mi ZQ, Yin XY, Fan H, An XP, Zhang ZY, Chen JK, Tong YG (2013) Characterization of Enterococcus faecalis Phage IME-EF1 and Its Endolysin. Plos One 8:1\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":true,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"archives-of-virology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"arvi","sideBox":"Learn more about [Archives of Virology](https://www.springer.com/journal/705)","snPcode":"705","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/705/3","title":"Archives of Virology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Shewanella, vB_Sb_QDWS, complete genome sequence, Siphoviridae","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-906669/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-906669/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eWe present here the results of the analysis of the complete genome sequence of a lytic bacteriophage, vB_Sb_QDWS, which is isolated from\u0026nbsp;wastewater samples collected in Qingdao, China.\u0026nbsp;The genome of phage vB_Sb_QDWS is composed of circular double-stranded DNA that is 47,902 bp in length with a G\u0026nbsp;+\u0026nbsp;C content of 63.16%. It has been predicted to contain 69 putative protein-coding genes. Phage morphology and bioinformatic analysis indicated that vB_Sb_QDWS is a novel phage of\u0026nbsp;the family\u0026nbsp;\u003cem\u003eSiphoviridae.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Complete Genome Analysis of a Novel Shewanella Phage vB_Sb_QDWS","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-10-05 18:42:51","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-906669/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-10-19T14:21:26+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2021-10-07T12:12:01+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2021-09-20T06:24:26+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Archives of Virology","date":"2021-09-19T23:12:09+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"decision","content":"Major Revision","date":"2021-09-15T11:19:59+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"archives-of-virology","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"arvi","sideBox":"Learn more about [Archives of Virology](https://www.springer.com/journal/705)","snPcode":"705","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/705/3","title":"Archives of Virology","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"0ff1f4ea-a0a4-4591-a781-0d76395a0e23","owner":[],"postedDate":"October 5th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":7660507,"name":"Virology"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2022-04-08T10:58:26+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-906669","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05435-5","journal":{"identity":"archives-of-virology","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Archives of Virology"},"publishedOn":"2022-04-08 10:58:26","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 8th, 2022"},"versionCreatedAt":"2021-10-05 18:42:51","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s00705-022-05435-5","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-022-05435-5","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-906669","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-906669","identity":"rs-906669","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}