A Case Report of HIV-Related Bilateral Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumors of Adrenal Gland

Abstract Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is a rare disease which mostly occurs at younger age and locates in lung in general population. We report a rare case of 44-year-old man diagnosed adrenal IMT with HIV infection, who refused regular highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) 13 years ago until in hospital because of findings of adrenal masses. The patient underwent CT-guided needle biopsy successfully, and the pathological analysis documented the diagnosis of IMT by the feature of proliferation of fibroblastic-myofibroblastic with inflammatory infiltration. We failed to perform tumor complete resection due to diffuse invasion of tumor under laparoscope. The patient was complicated with severely multiple pulmonary infection post to surgery because of immunodeficiency, that eventually caused the death of patient 2 months later. This case reminds us that IMTs may be too aggressive and progressed in HIV-positive patients with irregular HAART to perform surgical resections, and severe immunodeficiency can be more fatal. To our knowledge, this case is the second IMT patient with HIV infection worldwide, but the first case occurs at adrenal gland rather than lung in adult.