Application of Theories of The Policy Process In Sustainable Diet Research: A Systematic Review

Background: Application of theories of the policy process are needed to help explain the dynamics of policy status and change. Methods: : A systematic review of application of theories of the policy process to sustainable diet research was conducted. Results: : The review identified that 296 papers presented ideas for sustainable diet policy but only 17 provided coverage of the process by which such policies could become enacted. The majority of papers in the field of sustainable diets were diet modelling studies which used quantitative methods to analyse the metrics of different diets. Many of these papers also included policy recommendations but these were made without any insights into the policy process. Studies which did include policy discussion were largely focused on the evaluation of past policies or analysis of potential policy options rather than focused on the policy process itself. Seventeen papers included discussion of some key influences on policy making that are routinely included as elements within theories of the policy process but did not specifically name or utilise a political science theory of the policy process. Most notably these elements were the influence of coalitions/networks, evidence use, narratives and framing, institutional and political system factors, and the importance of value and belief systems and socio-cultural norms. Conclusions: : There is a significant research gap in the application of political science theories of the policy process to sustainable diet research. Given the lack of policy action in the area on a global scale there is an urgent need for more research applying robust policy process theories to help understand and explain the lack of action and suggest possible ways to increase attention and action on the issue from decision makers.