Coordinated optimization of source-grid-load-storage for wind power grid-connected and mobile energy storage characteristics of electric vehicles

The rapid growth in the number of electric vehicles, driven by the ‘double carbon’ target, and the impact of uncontrolled charging and discharging behavior and discharged battery losses severely limit electric vehicles’ low carbon characteristics. Existing research on systemic low carbon emissions and electric vehicle charging and discharging issues is usually determined by considering only carbon trading markets or charging and discharging management on the source side. In this regard, a coordinated and optimized operation model that considers the participation of electric vehicle clusters in deep peaking and the source network load and storage adjustable resources is proposed. The upper layer establishes a real-time price-based demand response model for the load side with the minimum net load fluctuation as the objective function; the middle layer establishes a comprehensive operation mechanism for the source and storage side that includes an orderly charging and discharging peaking compensation mechanism for electric vehicles and a deep peaking mechanism that takes into account clean emissions, and constructs an optimal operation model with the minimum comprehensive operating cost as the objective function; the lower layer establishes a distribution network loss minimization model for the network side that takes into account the orderly charging and discharging of electric vehicle as the objective function. The optimal tidal model with the objective function of minimizing the distribution network loss is established at the lower level. Finally, the original problem is transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem, and the model’s effectiveness is verified by setting different scenarios.