Optimizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Parameters to Improve the Impact Resistance of Nano Calcium Carbonate-Coated Polylactic Acid (PLA) Components

Optimizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Parameters to Improve the Impact Resistance of Nano Calcium Carbonate-Coated Polylactic Acid (PLA) Components | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Optimizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Parameters to Improve the Impact Resistance of Nano Calcium Carbonate-Coated Polylactic Acid (PLA) Components SHAGUL A.S., Reshma C This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6692059/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This investigation focuses on determining the optimal process variables to achieve maximum impact strength in Polylactic Acid (PLA) parts uniformly coated with Nano Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃) produced via fused deposition modeling (FDM). Enhancing impact strength is critical for improving the functional performance of PLA products across various applications. The study utilized the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array methodology to evaluate the effects of layer thickness, printing orientation, and heat treatment on impact strength, as measured by the Izod impact test. Results indicated that the highest impact strength of 590.25 J/m was attained using a 0.08 mm layer thickness, upright orientation, 50°C heat treatment, and a 75 degree bending angle. The Nano calcium carbonate coating consistently enhanced impact strength across all parameter combinations, with printing orientation identified as the most significant factor influencing the results. Even with a 0.08mm layer thickness and heat treatment at peak resulted in lower impact strength compared to the optimized upright orientation. This study underscores the importance of optimizing FDM process parameters alongside the application of Nano calcium carbonate coatings to achieve superior mechanical properties in 3D printed PLA components. The insights gained from this research provide a pathway for developing durable and high performance PLA based materials, suitable for load bearing and impact resilient applications in engineering and consumer products. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Polylactic Acid (PLA) Nano Calcium Carbonate Impact Strength Taguchi Analysis. Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6692059","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":458243369,"identity":"32959c93-146f-4e4b-a569-6e4138ebf2ca","order_by":0,"name":"SHAGUL A.S.","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA+UlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCRBRYFPfwMDA+ADI5OEjTotBGiNQC7MBSAsbkVoOg7SwgdkEtcjPbn78mseAmZm/vf1a5dccOxk2BuaHj27g0WJw55iZNY8BG5vEmTNlt2W3JQMdxmZsnINPi0SCmTGPAQ+PgURO2m3JbcxALTxs0vi0yM9I/wbUIiFhIP8mrVhyWz1hLQw3cowf8xgAgQT7McaP2w4T1mJwI6eMcY5BQoLEmRxmacZtx3nYmAn4BeiwzR/eVPxP4G8//vDjz23V9vzszQ8f43UYLDqAkWjAzAOimfErByv5AKHZHzD+IKx6FIyCUTAKRiAAANxiQtP41OQoAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5179-296X","institution":"Saveetha Engineering College","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"SHAGUL","middleName":"","lastName":"A.S.","suffix":""},{"id":458243433,"identity":"0489cd66-d9a7-4a7d-bbff-6d2003a4f16a","order_by":1,"name":"Reshma C","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"VIT University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Reshma","middleName":"","lastName":"C","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-05-18 13:50:42","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":{"humanSubjects":false,"vertebrateSubjects":false,"conflictsOfInterestStatement":false,"humanSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false,"humanSubjectConsent":false,"humanSubjectClinicalTrial":false,"humanSubjectCaseReport":false,"vertebrateSubjectEthicalGuidelines":false},"doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6692059/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6692059/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83262872,"identity":"6a848660-5d2a-4d74-a963-09771e77da71","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-22 04:34:16","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1040485,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"2columnnew.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6692059/v1_covered_5beee17a-a7f7-4b1e-858e-967220f0db4e.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"The authors declare no competing interests.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOptimizing Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Parameters to Improve the Impact Resistance of Nano Calcium Carbonate-Coated Polylactic Acid (PLA) Components\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Polylactic Acid (PLA), Nano Calcium Carbonate, Impact Strength, Taguchi Analysis.","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6692059/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6692059/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eThis investigation focuses on determining the optimal process variables to achieve maximum impact strength in Polylactic Acid (PLA) parts uniformly coated with Nano Calcium Carbonate (CaCO₃) produced via fused deposition modeling (FDM). 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