Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill elderly patients aged 90 years and older

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill elderly patients aged 90 years and older | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill elderly patients aged 90 years and older Filipe Sousa Amado, Ed Carlos Rey Moura, Caio Márcio Barros Oliveira, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-5214548/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted 8 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background Demographic transition has led to a progressive increase in the proportion of elderly and very elderly patients. This population shift implies a growing demand for health resources, including intensive care, despite the high mortality rates associated with this age group in ICUs. Methods To determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a population of critically ill elderly patients (≥ 90 years) admitted to the ICU and to identify predictive factors associated with mortality. This retrospective observational study analyzed data from critically ill elderly patients (≥ 90 years) admitted to the Intensive Medicine Service of a tertiary hospital in São Luís, MA, between 2021 and 2022. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and outcome data were collected, and statistical analysis was used to determine independent predictors of mortality. Results Of the 3551 patients admitted, 269 (≥ 90 years old) were included. The majority were female (69.5%), with a high prevalence of comorbidities. The emergency department was the main origin of patient admission (87%). The most frequent diagnostic category upon ICU admission was infection/sepsis. The median duration of ICU stay was seven days, and the median hospital stay was 15 days. The hospital mortality rate was 27.5%, and the ICU mortality rate was 17.8%. The use of mechanical ventilation and dialysis on the first day in the ICU was independently associated with increased mortality. Conclusions Critically ill elderly patients (≥ 90 years) have a high prevalence of comorbidities, and specific interventions, such as mechanical ventilation and dialysis on the first day of the ICU, are predictors of mortality. Compared with other case series, the observed mortality was not high, suggesting that chronological age alone should not be a criterion for limiting access to intensive care. Decisions regarding triage (i.e., identifying which older adults are most likely to benefit from ICU-level care) and treatment limitations are crucial in this population. Health sciences/Health care/Geriatrics Health sciences/Health care/Public health Health sciences/Health care/Quality of life Very elderly elderly frailty intensive care units comorbidities intensive care Introduction Due to demographic changes, the proportion of elderly and very elderly patients is progressively increasing ( 1 ). The global population is aging at an unprecedented rate, with projections indicating that by 2050, there will be approximately 2 billion people over the age of 65 worldwide ( 2 ). In the past 15 to 20 years, there has been a growing demand for intensive care among very elderly patients ( 3 ). These population trends will lead to an increased demand for healthcare resources (in terms of both bed capacity and healthcare professionals), including intensive care. Medical advances now enable elderly patients to undergo procedures and surgeries that were not viable a few decades ago owing to age. As a result, more very elderly patients are being admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) ( 4 ). In this context, intensive care units (ICUs) are facing increasing demand, with elderly patients now representing 20 to 30% of all admissions ( 5 ). Studies focusing on very elderly patients (≥ 90 years) admitted to ICUs remain relatively scarce, although recent publications have begun to address this gap ( 6 , 7 ). Nearly every country is confronting an increasingly aging population, making it crucial to address the current knowledge gaps in this specific group. Nevertheless, epidemiological data on very elderly ICU patients are still largely limited to specific geographic regions, underscoring the need for broader, more comprehensive research efforts in this area ( 8 ). Thus, the main objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a population of critically ill elderly patients (≥ 90 years) admitted between 2021 and 2022 to a tertiary hospital's intensive care unit (63 beds). Methods Study Design This was a retrospective observational study of adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital between 2021 and 2022. The Hospital and Maternity São Domingos Ethics Committee approved the study under opinion number 6.202.436 and CAAE number 70535623.5.0000.5085. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for informed consent. Setting It was conducted at the intensive care unit of a private, high-complexity tertiary hospital located in São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, with a total of 63 ICU beds. Participants All patients aged ≥ 90 admitted to the ICU between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, were eligible for inclusion in the study. If a patient was admitted to the ICU multiple times, only data from the first ICU admission were analyzed. Outcomes The primary outcome measure was hospital mortality. The secondary outcome measures included 1) ICU mortality; 2) resource utilization assessed by length of stay in the ICU or hospital; 3) the proportion of patients who had one or more ICU readmissions during the same hospitalization; and 4) the discharge destination of survivors (home/rehabilitation/long-term care/nursing homes). Variables Studied The following data were extracted from the hospital's electronic patient management system: age, sex, place of residence, presence of advanced directives, primary reason for admission, comorbidities, length of stay in the ICU and hospital, treatment modalities and organ support (mechanical ventilation, use of catecholamines, renal replacement therapy, blood transfusions), discharge information (post-ICU and post-hospital destination), ICU and hospital mortality, and treatment limitation decisions. ICU and hospital mortality rates were also analyzed. Comorbidities were assessed by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ( 9 ). Frailty was assessed by the Modified Frailty Index (mFI). ( 9 ). Preadmission functional status (one week prior to ICU admission) was also evaluated via the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scale ( 10 ). Disease severity was assessed via the simplified acute physiology score 3 (SAPS 3), which is a prognostic tool designed to predict outcomes in ICU ( 11 ). The definitions of each variable are listed in Table 1 . Table 1 Definition of Study Variables Variable Definition Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) Quantifies the burden of comorbidities by assigning points for various clinical conditions, helping predict mortality and complication risks. Modified Frailty Index (mFI) Assesses frailty using 11 clinical variables (0–11 points). A higher score indicates greater frailty. Generally, an mFI ≥ 0.27 or ≥ 3 points is considered severe frailty. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scale Grades functional status from 0 (fully active) to 5 (completely dependent). Patients scoring 0 or 1 are classified as independent, those scoring 2 require assistance, and those scoring above 3 are bedridden/restricted SAPS-3 (Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3) A prognostic score estimating disease severity and mortality in ICU patients based on admission data (clinical conditions, laboratory tests, and supportive measures). Primarily intended to predict mortality at a population level rather than for individual patients. Therefore, its interpretation should take into account the specific characteristics and case mix of each ICU. Statistical methods Descriptive analysis of qualitative variables provided absolute and relative frequencies, whereas quantitative variables were described via location parameters (mean and median) and dispersion parameters (standard deviation). The normality of distributions was assessed via the Shapiro‒Wilk or Kolmogorov‒Smirnov test. Associations between qualitative variables were evaluated via the chi-square test with Yates correction. Comparisons between qualitative and quantitative variables were performed via the Mann‒Whitney U test. For significant variables, logistic regression models with 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate independent predictors of ICU and hospital mortality. The significance level was set at 5%. Analyses were performed via SPSS Statistics 26 software. Results Clinical characteristics During the study period, 3551 patients were consecutively admitted to the ICU. Among these patients, 269 patients aged ≥ 90 years were included in the analysis, representing 7.5% of the total population admitted during the period. The mean age of the study population was 93.12 years (95% CI 92.77–93.46). The predominant age group was 90–95 years (82.5%), followed by the 95–100 years age group (14.5%). Only 8 patients (3%) were aged ≥ 100 years. The majority of the patients were female (69.5%), as shown in Table 2 . Table 2 Characterization of adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between 2021 and 2022. Variables N (%) Age, mean (SD) 93,12 (2,91) 90–95 years 222 (82,5%) 95–100 years 39 (14,5%) 101 years or older 8 (3%) Female 187 (69,5%) Presence of any comorbidity 253 (97.7%) ≥ 2 comorbidities 208 (80,3%) Chronic Cardiovascular Disease 230 (88,8%) Chronic Respiratory Disease 34 (13,1%) Chronic Renal Disease 21 (8,1%) Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), mean (SD) 2,98 (2,42) Frailty 76 (28,3%) Pre-Hospital Admission Functional Status Independent 46 (17,2%) Requires assistance 131 (49,1%) Restricted 90 (33,7%) Source of ICU Admission Emergency Department 234 (87%) Hospital Ward 12 (4,5%) Surgical Center 23 (8,5%) ICU Admission Type Medical 244 (90,7%) Elective Surgery 12 (4,5%) Urgent/Emergency Surgery 13 (4,8%) ICU Admission Diagnostic Category Infection/Sepsis 149 (55,4%) Cardiovascular 35 (13%) Neurological 25 (9,3%) Respiratory 9 (3,3%) Endocrine/Metabolic 6 (2,2%) Other 45 (16,7%) All variables are expressed as n (%). SD: standard deviation. CCI: The Charlson Comorbidity Index was measured in all patients. Regarding comorbidities, 208 patients had two or more comorbidities, accounting for 80.3% of the sample. Chronic cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent (88.8%), followed by chronic respiratory diseases (13.3%). In this population, the prevalence of frailty, as measured by the modified frailty index (mFI), was 28.3%, corresponding to 76 patients. Approximately half of the patients required some degree of assistance, and 33.7% were classified as restricted. Concerning the source of ICU admission, 234 patients (87%) were admitted from the emergency department, 23 patients (8.5%) from the surgical/hemodynamic center, and 12 patients (4.5%) from the hospital ward. Admissions were predominantly medical, accounting for 244 patients (90.7%). The remaining admissions were surgical, with 12 (4.5%) being elective surgeries and 13 (4.8%) being urgent/emergency surgeries. The major diagnostic category upon ICU admission was infection/sepsis, affecting 149 patients (55.4%), followed by cardiovascular (13%), neurological (9.3%), and respiratory (3.3%) conditions, among others, as shown in Table 2 . Only 23 patients were admitted to the ICU with a COVID-19 diagnosis, representing 8.6% of the total cases. In addition to the low prevalence in the study population, a COVID-19 diagnosis was not associated with increased hospital mortality (see Table 6 ). Table 6 Analysis of the associations between hospital mortality rates and social and clinical variables in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between 2021 and 2022. Variables Survivors Nonsurvivors N(%) Mean ± SD N(%) Mean ± SD P value OR-95% Gender 0,188 Male 55(28,2) 27(36,5) Female 140(71,8) 47(63,5) Age (years) 93,07 ± 2,66 93,24 ± 3,52 0,017 1,02 (0,93 − 1,11) Frail patient? 0,526 No 142(72,8) 51(68,9) Yes 53(27,2) 23(31,1) Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) 2,67 ± 2,24 3,81 ± 2,70 0,001 Pre-Hospital Admission Functional Status 0,090 Independent 39( 20 , 2 ) 7( 9 , 5 ) Requires assistance 89(46,1) 42(56,8) Restricted 65(33,7) 25(33,8) Source of ICU Admission 0,189 Surgical Center 17( 8 , 7 ) 3( 4 , 1 ) Emergency Department 164(84,1) 64(86,5) Hospital Ward 6( 3 , 1 ) 6( 8 , 1 ) Home-care 5( 2 , 6 ) 1( 1 , 4 ) Hemodynamics Room 3( 1 , 5 ) 0(0,0) ICU Admission Type 0,176 Elective Surgery 11( 5 , 6 ) 1( 1 , 4 ) Urgent/Emergency Surgery 11( 5 , 6 ) 2( 2 , 7 ) Medical 173(88,7) 71(95,9) Covid-19 0,073 No 182(93,3) 64(86,5) Yes 13( 6 , 7 ) 10( 13 , 5 ) SAPS 3 score 55,82 ± 11,30 63,89 ± 11,60 0,481 Mechanical Ventilation D1 < 0,001 No 167(87,0) 30(41,1) b Yes 25(13,0) 43(58,9) 9,575(5,111 − 17,937) Cardiac Arrest 1 h 0,311 No 190(99,0) 71(97,3) Yes 2(1,0) 2( 2 , 7 ) Dialysis Use < 0,001 No 191(99,0) 57(77,0) b Yes 2(1,0) 17(23,0) 28,482(6,389 − 12,978) Treatment Limitation 0,002 No 190(98,4) 64(90,1) b Yes 3( 1 , 6 ) 7( 9 , 9 ) 6,927(1,739 − 27,585) ¹Chi-square test, with Yates correction, at the 95% confidence level. ²Mann‒Whitney U test at the 95% confidence level. ³Logistic regression, which uses odds ratios at the 95% confidence level. Severity The severity of the disease in the study population is shown in Table 3 . The mean SAPS-3 severity score was 58.04 (95% CI 56.61–59.47), and the predicted mortality rate for this population, derived from the SAPS-3 score, was 33.54% (mean, with a standard deviation (SD) of 19.48). The rate of mechanical ventilation use on the first day in the ICU (D1) was 25.7%. Twenty-four patients experienced cardiac arrest on D1, accounting for 9.1% of the sample, as shown in Table 3 . Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) was used in 67 patients (25.3%). Sixty patients (22.6%) required vasopressors on ICU day 1. Table 3 Characterization of disease severity in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between 2021 and 2022. Variables SAPS3, mean (SD) 58,04 (11,92) Probability of Death, mean (SD) 33,64% (19,48) Use of Mechanical Ventilation 85 (31,8%) Mechanical Ventilation on ICU Day 1 68 (25,7%) Non-Invasive Ventilation on ICU Day 1 67 (25,3%) Cardiac Arrest on ICU Day 1 24 (9,1%) Use of Vasopressors on ICU Day 1 60 (22,6%) All variables are expressed as n (%). SD: standard deviation. SAPS3: simplified acute physiology score 3. Primary and secondary outcomes In terms of the primary outcome, hospital mortality was 27.5%, corresponding to 74 patients. For the secondary outcomes, the ICU mortality rate was 17.8%, corresponding to 48 patients. The mean ICU length of stay was 12.01 days (95% CI 9.87–14.15), with a median of 7 days. The mean hospital length of stay was 24.84 days (95% CI 21.26–28.42), with a median of 15 days. The ICU readmission rate during the study period was 18.6%, with 50 episodes, as shown in Table 4 . Treatment limitation decisions were made for only 10 patients (3.8%). ICU mortality was higher among medical patients (17%) than among surgical patients (0.7%). This trend was also observed for hospital mortality. Table 4 Outcomes of adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between 2021 and 2022. Variables Primary Outcome Hospital mortality, n (%) 74 (27,5%) Secondary Outcomes ICU mortality, n (%) 48 (17,8%) Resource Utilization ICU length of stay, mean (SD), days 12,01 (17,83) ICU length of stay, median, days 7 Hospital length of stay, mean (SD), days 24,84 (29,82) Hospital length of stay, median, days 15 ICU readmissions, n (%) 50 (18,6%) Treatment Limitation during hospitalization, n (%) 10 (3,8%) Post-ICU Discharge Destination (survivors) Hospital Ward 182 (67,6%) Another hospital ICU 12 (4,5%) Another hospital 4 (1,5%) Home Care 15 (5,6%) Post-Hospital Discharge Destination (survivors) Home 181 (67%) Home Care 7 (2,6%) Another hospital 8 (3%) All variables are expressed as n (%). SD: standard deviation. Mechanical ventilation use on ICU day 1 (D1) was independently associated with increased ICU mortality (OR 17.34, 95% CI 8.16–36.84, p < 0.001) and hospital mortality (OR 9.57, 95% CI 5.11–17.93, p < 0.001). Dialysis at ICU admission was also associated with increased ICU mortality (OR 28.48, 95% CI 6.38–12.97, p < 0.001). However, this effect was not observed for hospital mortality, as shown in Tables 5 and 6 . Treatment limitation decisions were associated with higher hospital mortality (OR 6.92, 95% CI 1.73–27.5, p = 0.002), as was age (OR 1.02 95% CI 0,93 − 1,11, p = 0.017). Table 5 Analysis of the associations between ICU mortality and social and clinical variables in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between 2021 and 2022. Variables ICU Survivors ICU Nonsurvivors N(%) Mean ± SD N(%) Mean ± SD P value OR-95% Gender 0,636 Male 66(29,9) 16(33,3) Female 155(70,1) 32(66,7) Age (years) 93,13 ± 2,83 93,04 ± 3,31 0,534 Frail patient? 0,116 No 163(73,8) 30(62,5) Yes 58(26,2) 18(37,5) Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) 2,79 ± 2,27 3,88 ± 2,89 0,658 Pre-Hospital Admission Functional Status 0,084 Independent 43( 19 , 6 ) 3( 6 , 3 ) Requires assistance 104(47,5) 27(56,3) Restricted 72(32,9) 18(37,5) Source of ICU Admission 0,483 Surgical Center 18( 8 , 1 ) 2( 4 , 2 ) Emergency Department 187(84,6) 41(85,4) Hospital Ward 8( 3 , 6 ) 4( 8 , 3 ) Home-care 5( 2 , 3 ) 1( 2 , 1 ) Hemodynamics Room 3( 1 , 4 ) 0(0,0) ICU Admission Type 0,402 Elective Surgery 11(5,0) 1( 2 , 1 ) Urgent/Emergency Surgery 12( 5 , 4 ) 1( 2 , 1 ) Medical 198(89,6) 46(95,8) SAPS 3 score 56,38 ± 11,39 65,69 ± 11,41 0,780 Mechanical Ventilation D1 < 0,001 No 185(85,3) 12(25,0) b Yes 32( 14 , 7 ) 36(75,0) 17,344(8,165 − 36,842) Cardiac Arrest 1 h 0,095 No 215(99,1) 46(95,8) Yes 2(0,9) 2( 4 , 2 ) Dialysis Use < 0,001 No 213(97,3) 35(72,9) b Yes 6( 2 , 7 ) 13(27,1) 13,186(4,701 − 36,981) Treatment Limitation 0,267 No 212(96,8) 42(93,3) Yes 7( 3 , 2 ) 3( 6 , 7 ) ¹Chi-square test, with Yates correction, at a 95% confidence level. ²Mann‒Whitney U test, at a 95% confidence level. ³Logistic Regression, using odds ratio, at a 95% confidence level. The majority of ICU survivors (182 patients – 67.6%) were discharged to the hospital ward. A small proportion (5.6%, or 15 patients) were discharged directly to home care. Other discharge destinations are detailed in Table 4 . Discussion Many ICUs worldwide face the growing challenge of admitting elderly patients, often referred to as very old intensive care patients (VIPs), defined in the international literature as patients aged ≥ 80 years ( 12 ). As reflected in this study, approximately 7.5% of critically ill patients admitted to a general intensive care unit were aged over 90 years, over two consecutive years. We chose this age group because few studies have focused on this population in the literature. Chronological age alone should not be a criterion for ICU admission limitations. Instead, biological age, an achievable therapeutic goal, and the patient’s wishes should play key roles in the decision-making process ( 1 ). Biological age does not necessarily equate to chronological age and is more difficult to assess. Therefore, the focus is gradually shifting from traditional comorbidity measures to the concept of frailty as an important marker of biological age and a predictor of outcomes ( 13 ). Frailty, as a concept, is relatively new in intensive care and is often defined as a clinical state of increased susceptibility to age-related declines in reserve and function across a wide range of physiological systems ( 14 ). As evidenced by the VIP 1 study ( 12 ), which included 5021 patients aged ≥ 80 years in Europe, frailty, age, and SOFA score were independently associated with increased 30-day mortality in this population. In the VIP 2 study ( 15 ), frailty, cognitive decline and disability were strongly associated with 30-day mortality and were more important than age alone. Thus, chronological age should not necessarily be the sole determinant for ICU admission. In our study, the prevalence of frailty, as measured by the mFI, was 28.3%. This condition was not associated with increased ICU or hospital mortality, in contrast to findings from studies such as VIP 1 and VIP 2. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that we assessed frailty using an index based on specific, pre-existing diagnoses rather than a direct, multidimensional evaluation of the patient. This measurement approach may underestimate important aspects of functional, cognitive, and nutritional status, which are fundamental components of frailty. Furthermore, our smaller sample size may have limited our statistical power to detect significant differences. Therefore, the absence of an association between frailty and outcomes in our cohort should be interpreted with caution, acknowledging the inherent limitations of the measurement method used and the study’s sample size. On the other hand, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) ( 9 ) was associated with higher hospital mortality and an increased rate of ICU readmission (p < 0.001). However, we must consider that ≥ 2 simultaneous comorbidities were highly prevalent, accounting for 80% of the study sample. Chronic cardiovascular comorbidities were the most common. A similar result was observed in a European cohort, where 94% of patients had cardiovascular comorbidities ( 16 ). Additionally, approximately 83% of patients in our study exhibited some degree of functional dependence before hospital admission, as assessed by the ECOG PS scale (see Table 1 ). The hospital mortality rate observed in this study was 27.5%, and the ICU mortality rate was 17.8%. A French study reported a hospital mortality of 42.6% and an ICU mortality of 35.7% in a population of patients aged ≥ 90 years ( 16 ). The VIP study, which included patients aged ≥ 80 years, reported an ICU mortality of 22.1%, with a 30-day mortality of 35%. A prospective Canadian cohort reported ICU and 30-day mortality rates of approximately 21.8% and 35%, respectively ( 17 ). In a retrospective German cohort of patients aged ≥ 90 years (mostly admitted for medical reasons and from the emergency department), hospital and ICU mortality rates were 30.9% and 18.3%, respectively ( 1 ). In addition to these findings, a recent single-center German study of patients aged ≥ 90 years reported stable short-term outcomes over time (ICU mortality of 18% and hospital mortality of ~ 30%) but noted an overall increase in admissions of very elderly individuals, alongside improvements in 1-year survival ( 7 ). Furthermore, a large multicenter cohort from Australia and New Zealand focusing on patients aged ≥ 80 years demonstrated that although very elderly patients exhibited higher ICU and hospital mortality rates than younger cohorts, they also experienced a faster decline in risk-adjusted mortality over a 13-year period ( 6 ). These observations highlight that older patients, particularly those ≥ 80 or 90 years, may be selected more carefully for ICU admission over time, and improvements in critical care practices could be contributing to better long-term outcomes. On the other hand, the higher mortality rates reported in those studies ( 6 , 7 ) might reflect differences in patient selection, triage processes, or admission thresholds across healthcare systems, which could partially explain the relatively lower mortality observed in our cohort. Likewise, our broader inclusion criteria may have captured a less severely ill subgroup, thereby influencing the overall mortality rates. These factors underscore the importance of considering admission practices, patient characteristics (medical vs. surgical, planned vs. unplanned admission), and evolving critical care approaches when comparing outcomes among very elderly ICU patients. As a general intensive care service, most admissions in our study came from the emergency department (87%), indicating acute causes. Most patients were admitted for medical reasons (90.7%). The infection/sepsis category was the main diagnostic reason for ICU admission. In a German study involving 372 patients aged ≥ 90 years admitted to the ICU, approximately 67% of patients came from the emergency department, but trauma was the primary diagnostic feature ( 1 ). Despite the low proportion of surgical patients (urgent or elective), accounting for approximately 10% of the sample, we observed higher mortality, both in the ICU and hospital, among medical patients than among surgical patients, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.189). Other studies have reported better outcomes in the scheduled surgery group among very elderly patients. Additionally, unplanned surgery admission is a predictor of poor outcomes ( 18 ). The severity of acute illness may partially explain the differences in mortality among the three subgroups. The mean SAPS3 score for the study population was 58. A validation study of this score in Brazil involving approximately 50,000 critically ill patients reported a mean SAPS3 score of 44.3 ± 15.4 points ( 19 ). This highlights the greater severity in our population than in the Brazilian average population. For the ICU length of stay, our sample had a mean duration of 15 days, with a median of 7 days. A French study of patients aged ≥ 90 years reported a mean ICU stay of 7 days ( 16 ). An Australian cohort involving patients aged ≥ 80 years, outside the age cutoff of our study, reported a shorter median ICU stay of 1.8 days ( 6 ). A key discussion point concerns the limitations of support in this population, as well as decisions related to palliative care. In our study, no patients had a documented advance directive before ICU admission. A study conducted with palliative care teams in Brazil revealed that challenges such as legal issues, lack of knowledge among healthcare professionals, absence of institutional protocols, difficulty in discussing death, and family resistance contribute to decision-making challenges ( 20 ). The challenges in decision-making for very elderly patients have increased in both quantity and complexity. In parallel with demographic aging, there has been significant progress in treating previously fatal conditions, such as metastatic cancer. This has led to an increase in the influx of complex patients on the one hand and persistent enthusiasm for advanced organ support technologies on the other hand ( 21 ). Decision-making in the ICU is primarily based on clinical trial conclusions, which often focus on single interventions and do not consider the burden of therapy or individual perspectives on quality of life (QoL). Additionally, the challenges posed by heterogeneous multimorbidity in the context of geriatric conditions have yet to be adequately integrated into previous ICU trials ( 22 ). Treatment limitations after ICU admission were present in only 10 patients (4%), a number considered low compared with other studies. Becker et al. demonstrated that 17.5% of patients aged ≥ 90 years had an advance directive. In the same study, treatment limitation decisions were made for 92 patients (24.7%) ( 1 ). Le Borgne et al. reported a rate of 33.4% for treatment limitation decisions in the same age group, with 17% of patients having an advance directive ( 16 ). Notably, the intensive care service in this study did not have an established palliative care service integrated into the ICU with institutionalized protocols. Cultural barriers among healthcare teams and the patient/family population may also have contributed to the low number of patients with treatment limitations. The ICU readmission rate (at any time during the same hospital stay) was 18.6%, corresponding to 50 patients. In a retrospective Australian cohort involving approximately 233,000 critically ill patients aged ≥ 80 years, the ICU readmission rate was 4.7% ( 6 ). ICU readmissions are associated with worse patient outcomes, including hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay ( 23 ). This is associated with worse patient outcomes, including hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay ( 22 ). The higher ICU readmission rate in our study may have resulted from the greater clinical vulnerability of these patients, given the high number of comorbidities, as well as issues related to the level of support provided in the ward environment. Our results should be interpreted with caution due to several limitations. First, our single-center study provides findings that may need to be more generalizable to contexts where ICU availability and population profiles differ. Second, we did not present follow-up data for the patients. Other studies have reported that both quality of life and autonomy in activities of daily living among elderly ICU survivors are considered satisfactory ( 24 ). Third, the retrospective nature of the study may introduce selection bias, as patient inclusion was based on preexisting medical records, which may contain inconsistencies or omissions, impacting the generalizability of the results. Fourth, the lack of detailed data on the severity of comorbidities (e.g., number of medications used and frequent exacerbations) and the pre-ICU functional status of patients may limit the understanding of the full impact of these variables on outcomes in very elderly ICU patients. The data from this study suggest that chronological age is not the sole factor limiting the admission of these patients (≥ 90 years) to the ICU. Furthermore, they suggest that these patients, despite their advanced age, can benefit from intensive care. Conclusion Critically ill elderly patients (≥ 90 years) represent a rapidly growing subgroup for ICU admissions. Our single-center study demonstrated that this subgroup has a high prevalence of comorbidities, as well as elevated severity, upon ICU admission. The use of mechanical ventilation and dialysis on the first day of ICU admission were predictors of both ICU mortality and hospital mortality. Compared with those in other case series, mortality rates in the ICU and hospital were not high. Admission triage decisions, as well as treatment limitations, are essential aspects of this population. Cultural barriers exist and need to be addressed. Abbreviations EAPC: European Association for Palliative Care ECOG PS: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status EUGMS: European Union Geriatric Medicine Society ICC: Charlson Comorbidity Index mFI: Modified Frailty Index SAPS3: simplified acute physiology score 3 SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment TLT: Time-Limited Trial ICU: intensive care unit Declarations Competing interests: The authors report no competing interests. Funding: None Author Contribution FS and PC conceived and designed the paper and wrote the first draft. FS, EC, CM, AV, JN, and PC reviewed the literature. All authors have read and critically revised the different versions and approved the final submitted version of the manuscript. Acknowledgments: not applicable Data Availability The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon request. References Becker, S. et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of very elderly patients ≥ 90 years in intensive care: a retrospective observational study. Ann. Intensiv. Care. 5 (1), 53 (2015). Mitchell, E. & Walker, R. Global ageing: successes, challenges and opportunities. Br. J. Hosp. Med. (Lond) . 81 (2), 1–9 (2020). Cobert, J. et al. Trends in Geriatric Conditions Among Older Adults Admitted to US ICUs Between 1998 and 2015. Chest 161 (6), 1555–1565 (2022). Guidet, B. et al. The trajectory of very old critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 50 (2), 181–194 (2024). Bagshaw, S. M. et al. Very old patients admitted to intensive care in Australia and New Zealand: a multi-centre cohort analysis. Crit. Care. (London, England) . 13 (2), R45–R (2009). Rai, S. et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of Very Elderly Patients Admitted to Intensive Care: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Analysis. Crit. Care Med. 51 (10), 1328–1338 (2023). Daniels, R. et al. Evolution of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients 90 Years Old or Older Over a 12-Year Period: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Crit. Care Med. 52 (6), e258–e67 (2024). Flaatten, H. et al. The status of intensive care medicine research and a future agenda for very old patients in the ICU. Intensive Care Med. 43 (9), 1319–1328 (2017). Charlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L. & MacKenzie, C. R. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J. Chronic Dis. 40 (5), 373–383 (1987). Zampieri, F. G. et al. The effects of performance status one week before hospital admission on the outcomes of critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med. 43 (1), 39–47 (2017). Metnitz, P. G. et al. SAPS 3–From evaluation of the patient to evaluation of the intensive care unit. Part 1: Objectives, methods and cohort description. Intensive Care Med. 31 (10), 1336–1344 (2005). Flaatten, H. et al. The impact of frailty on ICU and 30-day mortality and the level of care in very elderly patients (≥ 80 years). Intensive Care Med. 43 (12), 1820–1828 (2017). López Cuenca, S. et al. Frailty in patients over 65 years of age admitted to Intensive Care Units (FRAIL-ICU). Med. Intensiva (English Edition) . 43 (7), 395–401 (2019). Xue, Q. L. The frailty syndrome: definition and natural history. Clin. Geriatr. Med. 27 (1), 1–15 (2011). Guidet, B. et al. The contribution of frailty, cognition, activity of daily life and comorbidities on outcome in acutely admitted patients over 80 years in European ICUs: the VIP2 study. Intensive Care Med. 46 (1), 57–69 (2020). Le Borgne, P. et al. Critically ill elderly patients (≥ 90 years): Clinical characteristics, outcome and financial implications. PLOS ONE . 13 (6), e0198360 (2018). Ball, I. M. et al. A clinical prediction tool for hospital mortality in critically ill elderly patients. J. Crit. Care . 35 , 206–212 (2016). Andersen, F. H., Flaatten, H., Klepstad, P., Romild, U. & Kvåle, R. Long-term survival and quality of life after intensive care for patients 80 years of age or older. Ann. Intensive Care . 5 (1), 53 (2015). Moralez, G. M. et al. External validation of SAPS 3 and MPM(0)-III scores in 48,816 patients from 72 Brazilian ICUs. Ann. Intensive Care . 7 (1), 53 (2017). Nogario, A. C. D. et al. Implementation of early will directives: facilities and difficulties experienced by palliative care teams. Rev. Gaucha Enferm . 41 , e20190399 (2020). Beil, M. et al. Limiting life-sustaining treatment for very old ICU patients: cultural challenges and diverse practices. Ann. Intensive Care . 13 (1), 107 (2023). Whitty, C. J. M. et al. Rising to the challenge of multimorbidity. Bmj. 368. England p. l6964. (2020). McNeill, H. & Khairat, S. Impact of Intensive Care Unit Readmissions on Patient Outcomes and the Evaluation of the National Early Warning Score to Prevent Readmissions: Literature Review. JMIR Perioper Med. 3 (1), e13782 (2020). Tabah, A. et al. Quality of life in patients aged 80 or over after ICU discharge. Crit. Care . 14 (1), R2 (2010). Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Jul, 2025 Read the published version in Scientific Reports → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 11 May, 2025 Reviews received at journal 23 Apr, 2025 Reviews received at journal 19 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 11 Apr, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 09 Apr, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 09 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 04 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 21 Mar, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-5214548","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":440748322,"identity":"3f1a2b98-886e-4eee-9eb3-ed8ddf3132ca","order_by":0,"name":"Filipe Sousa Amado","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA8ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC9mbmhgNQtgHDByDJxk5AC89hRoQWxhkgLcyEtBxgbICxDZh5QBRBLeyMjYcLKurkddsPb3xs82ubPB8zA+OHjzl4tDAzNhyeceaw4bYzacXGuX23DduYGZglZ27DrcUepIW37QDjtgM5ZtK5PbcZgVrYmHnxaAHbwvuvzn7b+Tdm0pY9t+2J1NLAnLjtBtAWhh+3E4nTMuPY4eRtN54VG/Y23E5uY2ZsxusXHv7Dhz8X1NTZbjufvPHBjz+3bee3Nx/88BGPFhBARARjG5hswK8eRQvDH4KKR8EoGAWjYAQCAAxVUsxI0hJPAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Postgraduate Program on Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhao","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Filipe","middleName":"Sousa","lastName":"Amado","suffix":""},{"id":440748325,"identity":"3e010ec8-db90-4ba3-9676-99d662cb5d10","order_by":1,"name":"Ed Carlos Rey Moura","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Maranhão","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ed","middleName":"Carlos Rey","lastName":"Moura","suffix":""},{"id":440748326,"identity":"1ec3b7fb-30e6-477c-9651-9f8f294e2e45","order_by":2,"name":"Caio Márcio Barros Oliveira","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Maranhão","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Caio","middleName":"Márcio Barros","lastName":"Oliveira","suffix":""},{"id":440748327,"identity":"a1f34397-cb81-4c9b-89ea-f7b6b8223403","order_by":3,"name":"Almir Vieira Dibai-Filho","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Postgraduate Program on Adult Health, Federal University of Maranhao","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Almir","middleName":"Vieira","lastName":"Dibai-Filho","suffix":""},{"id":440748328,"identity":"da6d83f5-17c2-4c53-bc7d-edc115c3957d","order_by":4,"name":"João Nogueira Neto","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Maranhão","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"João","middleName":"Nogueira","lastName":"Neto","suffix":""},{"id":440748329,"identity":"00e1b47a-9041-4313-86dd-5ec870df28ad","order_by":5,"name":"Plínio da Cunha Leal","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Federal University of Maranhão","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Plínio","middleName":"da Cunha","lastName":"Leal","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2024-10-06 21:38:11","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5214548/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5214548/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05343-z","type":"published","date":"2025-07-01T15:57:02+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":86178886,"identity":"a31e068b-3c2e-48b2-bf76-052aae3f521f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-07-07 16:07:51","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":1391141,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-5214548/v1/df155d3a-f549-4535-a039-50590f716637.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill elderly patients aged 90 years and older","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eDue to demographic changes, the proportion of elderly and very elderly patients is progressively increasing (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). The global population is aging at an unprecedented rate, with projections indicating that by 2050, there will be approximately 2\u0026nbsp;billion people over the age of 65 worldwide (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the past 15 to 20 years, there has been a growing demand for intensive care among very elderly patients (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). These population trends will lead to an increased demand for healthcare resources (in terms of both bed capacity and healthcare professionals), including intensive care. Medical advances now enable elderly patients to undergo procedures and surgeries that were not viable a few decades ago owing to age. As a result, more very elderly patients are being admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). In this context, intensive care units (ICUs) are facing increasing demand, with elderly patients now representing 20 to 30% of all admissions (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies focusing on very elderly patients (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years) admitted to ICUs remain relatively scarce, although recent publications have begun to address this gap (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). Nearly every country is confronting an increasingly aging population, making it crucial to address the current knowledge gaps in this specific group. Nevertheless, epidemiological data on very elderly ICU patients are still largely limited to specific geographic regions, underscoring the need for broader, more comprehensive research efforts in this area (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThus, the main objective of this study was to determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a population of critically ill elderly patients (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years) admitted between 2021 and 2022 to a tertiary hospital's intensive care unit (63 beds).\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStudy Design\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003e This was a retrospective observational study of adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary hospital between 2021 and 2022. The Hospital and Maternity S\u0026atilde;o Domingos Ethics Committee approved the study under opinion number 6.202.436 and CAAE number 70535623.5.0000.5085. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Due to the retrospective nature of the study, the Ethics Committee waived the requirement for informed consent.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eSetting\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIt was conducted at the intensive care unit of a private, high-complexity tertiary hospital located in S\u0026atilde;o Lu\u0026iacute;s, Maranh\u0026atilde;o, Brazil, with a total of 63 ICU beds.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eParticipants\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 admitted to the ICU between January 1, 2021, and December 31, 2022, were eligible for inclusion in the study. If a patient was admitted to the ICU multiple times, only data from the first ICU admission were analyzed.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eOutcomes\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe primary outcome measure was hospital mortality. The secondary outcome measures included 1) ICU mortality; 2) resource utilization assessed by length of stay in the ICU or hospital; 3) the proportion of patients who had one or more ICU readmissions during the same hospitalization; and 4) the discharge destination of survivors (home/rehabilitation/long-term care/nursing homes).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eVariables Studied\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe following data were extracted from the hospital's electronic patient management system: age, sex, place of residence, presence of advanced directives, primary reason for admission, comorbidities, length of stay in the ICU and hospital, treatment modalities and organ support (mechanical ventilation, use of catecholamines, renal replacement therapy, blood transfusions), discharge information (post-ICU and post-hospital destination), ICU and hospital mortality, and treatment limitation decisions. ICU and hospital mortality rates were also analyzed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eComorbidities were assessed by Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Frailty was assessed by the Modified Frailty Index (mFI). (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e). Preadmission functional status (one week prior to ICU admission) was also evaluated via the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scale (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e). Disease severity was assessed via the simplified acute physiology score 3 (SAPS 3), which is a prognostic tool designed to predict outcomes in ICU (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e). The definitions of each variable are listed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition of Study Variables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariable\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDefinition\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eQuantifies the burden of comorbidities by assigning points for various clinical conditions, helping predict mortality and complication risks.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModified Frailty Index (mFI)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssesses frailty using 11 clinical variables (0\u0026ndash;11 points). A higher score indicates greater frailty. Generally, an mFI\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;0.27 or \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;3 points is considered severe frailty.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGrades functional status from 0 (fully active) to 5 (completely dependent). Patients scoring 0 or 1 are classified as independent, those scoring 2 require assistance, and those scoring above 3 are bedridden/restricted\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSAPS-3 (Simplified Acute Physiology Score 3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA prognostic score estimating disease severity and mortality in ICU patients based on admission data (clinical conditions, laboratory tests, and supportive measures). Primarily intended to predict mortality at a population level rather than for individual patients. Therefore, its interpretation should take into account the specific characteristics and case mix of each ICU.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec8\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical methods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDescriptive analysis of qualitative variables provided absolute and relative frequencies, whereas quantitative variables were described via location parameters (mean and median) and dispersion parameters (standard deviation). The normality of distributions was assessed via the Shapiro‒Wilk or Kolmogorov‒Smirnov test.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAssociations between qualitative variables were evaluated via the chi-square test with Yates correction. Comparisons between qualitative and quantitative variables were performed via the Mann‒Whitney U test. For significant variables, logistic regression models with 95% confidence intervals were used to estimate independent predictors of ICU and hospital mortality. The significance level was set at 5%. Analyses were performed via SPSS Statistics 26 software.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec10\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eClinical characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the study period, 3551 patients were consecutively admitted to the ICU. Among these patients, 269 patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years were included in the analysis, representing 7.5% of the total population admitted during the period. The mean age of the study population was 93.12 years (95% CI 92.77\u0026ndash;93.46). The predominant age group was 90\u0026ndash;95 years (82.5%), followed by the 95\u0026ndash;100 years age group (14.5%). Only 8 patients (3%) were aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;100 years. The majority of the patients were female (69.5%), as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacterization of adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between 2021 and 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge, mean (SD)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93,12 (2,91)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90\u0026ndash;95 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e222 (82,5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95\u0026ndash;100 years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39 (14,5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101 years or older\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFemale\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187 (69,5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePresence of any comorbidity\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e253 (97.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;2 comorbidities\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e208 (80,3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Cardiovascular Disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e230 (88,8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Respiratory Disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34 (13,1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronic Renal Disease\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 (8,1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCharlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), mean (SD)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,98 (2,42)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrailty\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76 (28,3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-Hospital Admission Functional Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndependent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46 (17,2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRequires assistance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e131 (49,1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (33,7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSource of ICU Admission\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency Department\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e234 (87%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospital Ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (4,5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical Center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 (8,5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eICU Admission Type\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e244 (90,7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElective Surgery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (4,5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrgent/Emergency Surgery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 (4,8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eICU Admission Diagnostic Category\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInfection/Sepsis\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e149 (55,4%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiovascular\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 (13%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNeurological\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 (9,3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRespiratory\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9 (3,3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEndocrine/Metabolic\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6 (2,2%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOther\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45 (16,7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003eAll variables are expressed as n (%). SD: standard deviation. CCI: The Charlson Comorbidity Index was measured in all patients.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eRegarding comorbidities, 208 patients had two or more comorbidities, accounting for 80.3% of the sample. Chronic cardiovascular diseases were the most prevalent (88.8%), followed by chronic respiratory diseases (13.3%). In this population, the prevalence of frailty, as measured by the modified frailty index (mFI), was 28.3%, corresponding to 76 patients. Approximately half of the patients required some degree of assistance, and 33.7% were classified as restricted.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eConcerning the source of ICU admission, 234 patients (87%) were admitted from the emergency department, 23 patients (8.5%) from the surgical/hemodynamic center, and 12 patients (4.5%) from the hospital ward. Admissions were predominantly medical, accounting for 244 patients (90.7%). The remaining admissions were surgical, with 12 (4.5%) being elective surgeries and 13 (4.8%) being urgent/emergency surgeries. The major diagnostic category upon ICU admission was infection/sepsis, affecting 149 patients (55.4%), followed by cardiovascular (13%), neurological (9.3%), and respiratory (3.3%) conditions, among others, as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e. Only 23 patients were admitted to the ICU with a COVID-19 diagnosis, representing 8.6% of the total cases. In addition to the low prevalence in the study population, a COVID-19 diagnosis was not associated with increased hospital mortality (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 6\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the associations between hospital mortality rates and social and clinical variables in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between 2021 and 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurvivors\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNonsurvivors\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR-95%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,188\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55(28,2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27(36,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e140(71,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47(63,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge (years)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93,07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93,24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,017\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1,02 (0,93\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1,11)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrail patient?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,526\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e142(72,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51(68,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53(27,2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23(31,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCharlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-Hospital Admission Functional Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,090\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndependent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e39(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRequires assistance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e89(46,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42(56,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65(33,7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25(33,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSource of ICU Admission\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,189\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical Center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency Department\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e164(84,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64(86,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospital Ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHome-care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHemodynamics Room\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0(0,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eICU Admission Type\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,176\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElective Surgery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrgent/Emergency Surgery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e173(88,7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71(95,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCovid-19\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,073\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e182(93,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64(86,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSAPS 3 score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55,82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11,30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63,89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11,60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,481\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMechanical Ventilation D1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e167(87,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30(41,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25(13,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43(58,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9,575(5,111\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;17,937)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCardiac Arrest 1 h\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,311\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e190(99,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71(97,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(1,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDialysis Use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e191(99,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57(77,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(1,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17(23,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28,482(6,389\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;12,978)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTreatment Limitation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0,002\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e190(98,4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64(90,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6,927(1,739\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;27,585)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e\u0026sup1;Chi-square test, with Yates correction, at the 95% confidence level.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e\u0026sup2;Mann‒Whitney U test at the 95% confidence level.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e\u0026sup3;Logistic regression, which uses odds ratios at the 95% confidence level.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eSeverity\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe severity of the disease in the study population is shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. The mean SAPS-3 severity score was 58.04 (95% CI 56.61\u0026ndash;59.47), and the predicted mortality rate for this population, derived from the SAPS-3 score, was 33.54% (mean, with a standard deviation (SD) of 19.48). The rate of mechanical ventilation use on the first day in the ICU (D1) was 25.7%. Twenty-four patients experienced cardiac arrest on D1, accounting for 9.1% of the sample, as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) was used in 67 patients (25.3%). Sixty patients (22.6%) required vasopressors on ICU day 1.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCharacterization of disease severity in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between 2021 and 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSAPS3, mean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58,04 (11,92)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProbability of Death, mean (SD)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33,64% (19,48)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of Mechanical Ventilation\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (31,8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical Ventilation on ICU Day 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68 (25,7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Invasive Ventilation on ICU Day 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67 (25,3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCardiac Arrest on ICU Day 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 (9,1%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUse of Vasopressors on ICU Day 1\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (22,6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003eAll variables are expressed as n (%). SD: standard deviation. SAPS3: simplified acute physiology score 3.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003ePrimary and secondary outcomes\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn terms of the primary outcome, hospital mortality was 27.5%, corresponding to 74 patients. For the secondary outcomes, the ICU mortality rate was 17.8%, corresponding to 48 patients. The mean ICU length of stay was 12.01 days (95% CI 9.87\u0026ndash;14.15), with a median of 7 days. The mean hospital length of stay was 24.84 days (95% CI 21.26\u0026ndash;28.42), with a median of 15 days. The ICU readmission rate during the study period was 18.6%, with 50 episodes, as shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e. Treatment limitation decisions were made for only 10 patients (3.8%). ICU mortality was higher among medical patients (17%) than among surgical patients (0.7%). This trend was also observed for hospital mortality.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab5\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOutcomes of adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between 2021 and 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"2\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePrimary Outcome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospital mortality, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e74 (27,5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSecondary Outcomes\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eICU mortality, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 (17,8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eResource Utilization\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eICU length of stay, mean (SD), days\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12,01 (17,83)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eICU length of stay, median, days\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospital length of stay, mean (SD), days\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24,84 (29,82)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospital length of stay, median, days\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eICU readmissions, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 (18,6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment Limitation during hospitalization, n (%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 (3,8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePost-ICU Discharge Destination (survivors)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospital Ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e182 (67,6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother hospital ICU\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 (4,5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4 (1,5%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHome Care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 (5,6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePost-Hospital Discharge Destination (survivors)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHome\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e181 (67%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHome Care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7 (2,6%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnother hospital\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8 (3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"2\"\u003eAll variables are expressed as n (%). SD: standard deviation.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMechanical ventilation use on ICU day 1 (D1) was independently associated with increased ICU mortality (OR 17.34, 95% CI 8.16\u0026ndash;36.84, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and hospital mortality (OR 9.57, 95% CI 5.11\u0026ndash;17.93, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). Dialysis at ICU admission was also associated with increased ICU mortality (OR 28.48, 95% CI 6.38\u0026ndash;12.97, p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). However, this effect was not observed for hospital mortality, as shown in Tables\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab6\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e and \u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e. Treatment limitation decisions were associated with higher hospital mortality (OR 6.92, 95% CI 1.73\u0026ndash;27.5, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002), as was age (OR 1.02 95% CI 0,93\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;1,11, p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.017).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab6\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 5\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAnalysis of the associations between ICU mortality and social and clinical variables in adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit between 2021 and 2022.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eICU Survivors\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eICU Nonsurvivors\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eN(%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eP value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOR-95%\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,636\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66(29,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16(33,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e155(70,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32(66,7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge (years)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93,13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e93,04\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3,31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,534\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFrail patient?\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e163(73,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30(62,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58(26,2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18(37,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCharlson Comorbidity Index (CCI)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2,79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,27\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3,88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2,89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,658\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePre-Hospital Admission Functional Status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,084\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eIndependent\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRequires assistance\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e104(47,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27(56,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRestricted\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72(32,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18(37,5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"4\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSource of ICU Admission\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,483\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSurgical Center\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEmergency Department\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187(84,6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41(85,4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHospital Ward\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHome-care\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHemodynamics Room\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0(0,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eICU Admission Type\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,402\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eElective Surgery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11(5,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUrgent/Emergency Surgery\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e198(89,6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46(95,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSAPS 3 score\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56,38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11,39\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65,69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11,41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,780\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMechanical Ventilation D1\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e185(85,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12(25,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36(75,0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17,344(8,165\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;36,842)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCardiac Arrest 1 h\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,095\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e215(99,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46(95,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(0,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDialysis Use\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0,001\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e213(97,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35(72,9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eb\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13(27,1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13,186(4,701\u0026thinsp;\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;36,981)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTreatment Limitation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,267\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e212(96,8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42(93,3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3(\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e\u0026sup1;Chi-square test, with Yates correction, at a 95% confidence level.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e\u0026sup2;Mann‒Whitney U test, at a 95% confidence level.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003e\u0026sup3;Logistic Regression, using odds ratio, at a 95% confidence level.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe majority of ICU survivors (182 patients \u0026ndash; 67.6%) were discharged to the hospital ward. A small proportion (5.6%, or 15 patients) were discharged directly to home care. Other discharge destinations are detailed in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab5\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eMany ICUs worldwide face the growing challenge of admitting elderly patients, often referred to as very old intensive care patients (VIPs), defined in the international literature as patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;80 years (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e). As reflected in this study, approximately 7.5% of critically ill patients admitted to a general intensive care unit were aged over 90 years, over two consecutive years. We chose this age group because few studies have focused on this population in the literature.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eChronological age alone should not be a criterion for ICU admission limitations. Instead, biological age, an achievable therapeutic goal, and the patient\u0026rsquo;s wishes should play key roles in the decision-making process (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Biological age does not necessarily equate to chronological age and is more difficult to assess. Therefore, the focus is gradually shifting from traditional comorbidity measures to the concept of frailty as an important marker of biological age and a predictor of outcomes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e). Frailty, as a concept, is relatively new in intensive care and is often defined as a clinical state of increased susceptibility to age-related declines in reserve and function across a wide range of physiological systems (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs evidenced by the VIP 1 study (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e), which included 5021 patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;80 years in Europe, frailty, age, and SOFA score were independently associated with increased 30-day mortality in this population. In the VIP 2 study (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e), frailty, cognitive decline and disability were strongly associated with 30-day mortality and were more important than age alone. Thus, chronological age should not necessarily be the sole determinant for ICU admission.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn our study, the prevalence of frailty, as measured by the mFI, was 28.3%. This condition was not associated with increased ICU or hospital mortality, in contrast to findings from studies such as VIP 1 and VIP 2. One possible explanation for this discrepancy is that we assessed frailty using an index based on specific, pre-existing diagnoses rather than a direct, multidimensional evaluation of the patient. This measurement approach may underestimate important aspects of functional, cognitive, and nutritional status, which are fundamental components of frailty. Furthermore, our smaller sample size may have limited our statistical power to detect significant differences. Therefore, the absence of an association between frailty and outcomes in our cohort should be interpreted with caution, acknowledging the inherent limitations of the measurement method used and the study\u0026rsquo;s sample size.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e) was associated with higher hospital mortality and an increased rate of ICU readmission (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). However, we must consider that \u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;2 simultaneous comorbidities were highly prevalent, accounting for 80% of the study sample. Chronic cardiovascular comorbidities were the most common. A similar result was observed in a European cohort, where 94% of patients had cardiovascular comorbidities (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). Additionally, approximately 83% of patients in our study exhibited some degree of functional dependence before hospital admission, as assessed by the ECOG PS scale (see Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe hospital mortality rate observed in this study was 27.5%, and the ICU mortality rate was 17.8%. A French study reported a hospital mortality of 42.6% and an ICU mortality of 35.7% in a population of patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). The VIP study, which included patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;80 years, reported an ICU mortality of 22.1%, with a 30-day mortality of 35%. A prospective Canadian cohort reported ICU and 30-day mortality rates of approximately 21.8% and 35%, respectively (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e). In a retrospective German cohort of patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years (mostly admitted for medical reasons and from the emergency department), hospital and ICU mortality rates were 30.9% and 18.3%, respectively (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn addition to these findings, a recent single-center German study of patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years reported stable short-term outcomes over time (ICU mortality of 18% and hospital mortality of ~\u0026thinsp;30%) but noted an overall increase in admissions of very elderly individuals, alongside improvements in 1-year survival (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e). Furthermore, a large multicenter cohort from Australia and New Zealand focusing on patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;80 years demonstrated that although very elderly patients exhibited higher ICU and hospital mortality rates than younger cohorts, they also experienced a faster decline in risk-adjusted mortality over a 13-year period (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). These observations highlight that older patients, particularly those\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;80 or 90 years, may be selected more carefully for ICU admission over time, and improvements in critical care practices could be contributing to better long-term outcomes.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the higher mortality rates reported in those studies (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e) might reflect differences in patient selection, triage processes, or admission thresholds across healthcare systems, which could partially explain the relatively lower mortality observed in our cohort. Likewise, our broader inclusion criteria may have captured a less severely ill subgroup, thereby influencing the overall mortality rates. These factors underscore the importance of considering admission practices, patient characteristics (medical vs. surgical, planned vs. unplanned admission), and evolving critical care approaches when comparing outcomes among very elderly ICU patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a general intensive care service, most admissions in our study came from the emergency department (87%), indicating acute causes. Most patients were admitted for medical reasons (90.7%). The infection/sepsis category was the main diagnostic reason for ICU admission. In a German study involving 372 patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years admitted to the ICU, approximately 67% of patients came from the emergency department, but trauma was the primary diagnostic feature (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDespite the low proportion of surgical patients (urgent or elective), accounting for approximately 10% of the sample, we observed higher mortality, both in the ICU and hospital, among medical patients than among surgical patients, although the difference was not statistically significant (p\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.189). Other studies have reported better outcomes in the scheduled surgery group among very elderly patients. Additionally, unplanned surgery admission is a predictor of poor outcomes (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e). The severity of acute illness may partially explain the differences in mortality among the three subgroups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe mean SAPS3 score for the study population was 58. A validation study of this score in Brazil involving approximately 50,000 critically ill patients reported a mean SAPS3 score of 44.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.4 points (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e). This highlights the greater severity in our population than in the Brazilian average population. For the ICU length of stay, our sample had a mean duration of 15 days, with a median of 7 days. A French study of patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years reported a mean ICU stay of 7 days (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). An Australian cohort involving patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;80 years, outside the age cutoff of our study, reported a shorter median ICU stay of 1.8 days (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA key discussion point concerns the limitations of support in this population, as well as decisions related to palliative care. In our study, no patients had a documented advance directive before ICU admission. A study conducted with palliative care teams in Brazil revealed that challenges such as legal issues, lack of knowledge among healthcare professionals, absence of institutional protocols, difficulty in discussing death, and family resistance contribute to decision-making challenges (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe challenges in decision-making for very elderly patients have increased in both quantity and complexity. In parallel with demographic aging, there has been significant progress in treating previously fatal conditions, such as metastatic cancer. This has led to an increase in the influx of complex patients on the one hand and persistent enthusiasm for advanced organ support technologies on the other hand (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e). Decision-making in the ICU is primarily based on clinical trial conclusions, which often focus on single interventions and do not consider the burden of therapy or individual perspectives on quality of life (QoL). Additionally, the challenges posed by heterogeneous multimorbidity in the context of geriatric conditions have yet to be adequately integrated into previous ICU trials (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTreatment limitations after ICU admission were present in only 10 patients (4%), a number considered low compared with other studies. Becker et al. demonstrated that 17.5% of patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years had an advance directive. In the same study, treatment limitation decisions were made for 92 patients (24.7%) (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e). Le Borgne et al. reported a rate of 33.4% for treatment limitation decisions in the same age group, with 17% of patients having an advance directive (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e). Notably, the intensive care service in this study did not have an established palliative care service integrated into the ICU with institutionalized protocols. Cultural barriers among healthcare teams and the patient/family population may also have contributed to the low number of patients with treatment limitations.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe ICU readmission rate (at any time during the same hospital stay) was 18.6%, corresponding to 50 patients. In a retrospective Australian cohort involving approximately 233,000 critically ill patients aged\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;80 years, the ICU readmission rate was 4.7% (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e). ICU readmissions are associated with worse patient outcomes, including hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e). This is associated with worse patient outcomes, including hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e). The higher ICU readmission rate in our study may have resulted from the greater clinical vulnerability of these patients, given the high number of comorbidities, as well as issues related to the level of support provided in the ward environment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur results should be interpreted with caution due to several limitations. First, our single-center study provides findings that may need to be more generalizable to contexts where ICU availability and population profiles differ. Second, we did not present follow-up data for the patients. Other studies have reported that both quality of life and autonomy in activities of daily living among elderly ICU survivors are considered satisfactory (\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e). Third, the retrospective nature of the study may introduce selection bias, as patient inclusion was based on preexisting medical records, which may contain inconsistencies or omissions, impacting the generalizability of the results. Fourth, the lack of detailed data on the severity of comorbidities (e.g., number of medications used and frequent exacerbations) and the pre-ICU functional status of patients may limit the understanding of the full impact of these variables on outcomes in very elderly ICU patients.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe data from this study suggest that chronological age is not the sole factor limiting the admission of these patients (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years) to the ICU. Furthermore, they suggest that these patients, despite their advanced age, can benefit from intensive care.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusion","content":"\u003cp\u003eCritically ill elderly patients (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years) represent a rapidly growing subgroup for ICU admissions. Our single-center study demonstrated that this subgroup has a high prevalence of comorbidities, as well as elevated severity, upon ICU admission. The use of mechanical ventilation and dialysis on the first day of ICU admission were predictors of both ICU mortality and hospital mortality. Compared with those in other case series, mortality rates in the ICU and hospital were not high. Admission triage decisions, as well as treatment limitations, are essential aspects of this population. Cultural barriers exist and need to be addressed.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEAPC:\u003c/strong\u003e European Association for Palliative Care\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eECOG PS:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eEastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEUGMS:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eEuropean Union Geriatric Medicine Society\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eICC:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eCharlson Comorbidity Index\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003emFI:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eModified Frailty Index\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSAPS3:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003esimplified acute physiology score 3\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSOFA:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eSequential Organ Failure Assessment\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLT:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eTime-Limited Trial\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eICU:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eintensive care unit\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e \u003ch2\u003eCompeting interests:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe authors report no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eFunding:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eNone\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAuthor Contribution\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFS and PC conceived and designed the paper and wrote the first draft. FS, EC, CM, AV, JN, and PC reviewed the literature. All authors have read and critically revised the different versions and approved the final submitted version of the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eAcknowledgments:\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003enot applicable\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eData Availability\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon request.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBecker, S. et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of very elderly patients\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years in intensive care: a retrospective observational study. \u003cem\u003eAnn. Intensiv. Care.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e5\u003c/b\u003e (1), 53 (2015).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMitchell, E. \u0026amp; Walker, R. Global ageing: successes, challenges and opportunities. \u003cem\u003eBr. J. Hosp. Med. (Lond)\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e81\u003c/b\u003e (2), 1\u0026ndash;9 (2020).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCobert, J. et al. Trends in Geriatric Conditions Among Older Adults Admitted to US ICUs Between 1998 and 2015. \u003cem\u003eChest\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e161\u003c/b\u003e (6), 1555\u0026ndash;1565 (2022).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGuidet, B. et al. The trajectory of very old critically ill patients. \u003cem\u003eIntensive Care Med.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e50\u003c/b\u003e (2), 181\u0026ndash;194 (2024).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBagshaw, S. M. et al. Very old patients admitted to intensive care in Australia and New Zealand: a multi-centre cohort analysis. \u003cem\u003eCrit. Care. (London, England)\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e13\u003c/b\u003e (2), R45\u0026ndash;R (2009).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRai, S. et al. Characteristics and Outcomes of Very Elderly Patients Admitted to Intensive Care: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Analysis. \u003cem\u003eCrit. Care Med.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e51\u003c/b\u003e (10), 1328\u0026ndash;1338 (2023).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDaniels, R. et al. Evolution of Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients 90 Years Old or Older Over a 12-Year Period: A Retrospective Cohort Study. \u003cem\u003eCrit. Care Med.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e52\u003c/b\u003e (6), e258\u0026ndash;e67 (2024).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFlaatten, H. et al. The status of intensive care medicine research and a future agenda for very old patients in the ICU. \u003cem\u003eIntensive Care Med.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e43\u003c/b\u003e (9), 1319\u0026ndash;1328 (2017).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCharlson, M. E., Pompei, P., Ales, K. L. \u0026amp; MacKenzie, C. R. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. \u003cem\u003eJ. Chronic Dis.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e40\u003c/b\u003e (5), 373\u0026ndash;383 (1987).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZampieri, F. G. et al. The effects of performance status one week before hospital admission on the outcomes of critically ill patients. \u003cem\u003eIntensive Care Med.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e43\u003c/b\u003e (1), 39\u0026ndash;47 (2017).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMetnitz, P. G. et al. SAPS 3\u0026ndash;From evaluation of the patient to evaluation of the intensive care unit. Part 1: Objectives, methods and cohort description. \u003cem\u003eIntensive Care Med.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e31\u003c/b\u003e (10), 1336\u0026ndash;1344 (2005).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFlaatten, H. et al. The impact of frailty on ICU and 30-day mortality and the level of care in very elderly patients (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;80 years). \u003cem\u003eIntensive Care Med.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e43\u003c/b\u003e (12), 1820\u0026ndash;1828 (2017).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eL\u0026oacute;pez Cuenca, S. et al. Frailty in patients over 65 years of age admitted to Intensive Care Units (FRAIL-ICU). \u003cem\u003eMed. Intensiva (English Edition)\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e43\u003c/b\u003e (7), 395\u0026ndash;401 (2019).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXue, Q. L. The frailty syndrome: definition and natural history. \u003cem\u003eClin. Geriatr. Med.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e27\u003c/b\u003e (1), 1\u0026ndash;15 (2011).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGuidet, B. et al. The contribution of frailty, cognition, activity of daily life and comorbidities on outcome in acutely admitted patients over 80 years in European ICUs: the VIP2 study. \u003cem\u003eIntensive Care Med.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e46\u003c/b\u003e (1), 57\u0026ndash;69 (2020).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLe Borgne, P. et al. Critically ill elderly patients (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years): Clinical characteristics, outcome and financial implications. \u003cem\u003ePLOS ONE\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e13\u003c/b\u003e (6), e0198360 (2018).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBall, I. M. et al. A clinical prediction tool for hospital mortality in critically ill elderly patients. \u003cem\u003eJ. Crit. Care\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e35\u003c/b\u003e, 206\u0026ndash;212 (2016).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAndersen, F. H., Flaatten, H., Klepstad, P., Romild, U. \u0026amp; Kv\u0026aring;le, R. Long-term survival and quality of life after intensive care for patients 80 years of age or older. \u003cem\u003eAnn. Intensive Care\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e5\u003c/b\u003e (1), 53 (2015).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMoralez, G. M. et al. External validation of SAPS 3 and MPM(0)-III scores in 48,816 patients from 72 Brazilian ICUs. \u003cem\u003eAnn. Intensive Care\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e7\u003c/b\u003e (1), 53 (2017).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNogario, A. C. D. et al. Implementation of early will directives: facilities and difficulties experienced by palliative care teams. \u003cem\u003eRev. Gaucha Enferm\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e41\u003c/b\u003e, e20190399 (2020).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBeil, M. et al. Limiting life-sustaining treatment for very old ICU patients: cultural challenges and diverse practices. \u003cem\u003eAnn. Intensive Care\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e13\u003c/b\u003e (1), 107 (2023).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWhitty, C. J. M. et al. Rising to the challenge of multimorbidity. Bmj. 368. England p. l6964. (2020).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMcNeill, H. \u0026amp; Khairat, S. Impact of Intensive Care Unit Readmissions on Patient Outcomes and the Evaluation of the National Early Warning Score to Prevent Readmissions: Literature Review. \u003cem\u003eJMIR Perioper Med.\u003c/em\u003e \u003cb\u003e3\u003c/b\u003e (1), e13782 (2020).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTabah, A. et al. Quality of life in patients aged 80 or over after ICU discharge. \u003cem\u003eCrit. Care\u003c/em\u003e. \u003cb\u003e14\u003c/b\u003e (1), R2 (2010).\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Very elderly, elderly, frailty, intensive care units, comorbidities, intensive care","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5214548/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-5214548/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eBackground\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic transition has led to a progressive increase in the proportion of elderly and very elderly patients. This population shift implies a growing demand for health resources, including intensive care, despite the high mortality rates associated with this age group in ICUs.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMethods\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo determine the clinical characteristics and outcomes of a population of critically ill elderly patients (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years) admitted to the ICU and to identify predictive factors associated with mortality. This retrospective observational study analyzed data from critically ill elderly patients (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years) admitted to the Intensive Medicine Service of a tertiary hospital in S\u0026atilde;o Lu\u0026iacute;s, MA, between 2021 and 2022. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and outcome data were collected, and statistical analysis was used to determine independent predictors of mortality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eResults\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOf the 3551 patients admitted, 269 (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years old) were included. The majority were female (69.5%), with a high prevalence of comorbidities. The emergency department was the main origin of patient admission (87%). The most frequent diagnostic category upon ICU admission was infection/sepsis. The median duration of ICU stay was seven days, and the median hospital stay was 15 days. The hospital mortality rate was 27.5%, and the ICU mortality rate was 17.8%. The use of mechanical ventilation and dialysis on the first day in the ICU was independently associated with increased mortality.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusions\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eCritically ill elderly patients (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;90 years) have a high prevalence of comorbidities, and specific interventions, such as mechanical ventilation and dialysis on the first day of the ICU, are predictors of mortality. Compared with other case series, the observed mortality was not high, suggesting that chronological age alone should not be a criterion for limiting access to intensive care. Decisions regarding triage (i.e., identifying which older adults are most likely to benefit from ICU-level care) and treatment limitations are crucial in this population.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Clinical characteristics and outcomes of critically ill elderly patients aged 90 years and older","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-04-10 16:44:01","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-5214548/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-05-12T02:28:58+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-23T10:39:45+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-04-19T18:28:29+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"298228195439467066483985995681006807852","date":"2025-04-11T15:10:33+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"315136219423637509088679193326686476315","date":"2025-04-09T16:16:43+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-04-09T15:06:05+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-04T13:34:18+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Scientific Reports","date":"2025-03-21T14:00:17+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"scientific-reports","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"scirep","sideBox":"Learn more about [Scientific Reports](http://www.nature.com/srep/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"","title":"Scientific Reports","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Scientific Reports","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"599fd0fb-f39d-46c1-b130-29fd5ca8a840","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 10th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":46927469,"name":"Health sciences/Health care/Geriatrics"},{"id":46927470,"name":"Health sciences/Health care/Public health"},{"id":46927471,"name":"Health sciences/Health care/Quality of life"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-07T15:59:43+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-5214548","link":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05343-z","journal":{"identity":"scientific-reports","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Scientific Reports"},"publishedOn":"2025-07-01 15:57:02","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 1st, 2025"},"versionCreatedAt":"2025-04-10 16:44:01","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1038/s41598-025-05343-z","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-05343-z","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-5214548","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-5214548","identity":"rs-5214548","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}