Integrating Theory-Based and Data-Driven Methods to Case Conceptualization: A Functional Analysis Approach with Ecological Momentary Assessment

Background: Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and network analysis are promising empirical developments for psychotherapy research and practice, but they lack a therapeutic rationale that could guide case conceptualization and treatment planning. Aim: We developed an assessment strategy that aims to assess functional analysis with EMA. Method: The assessment strategy was applied to a series of three N-of-1 assessments with participants with emotional disorders in a proof-of-concept study. After selecting a personalized set of items, EMA was implemented with three measurement time points per day for a period of 30 days. The participants evaluated feasibility and acceptance. Additionally, practicing psychotherapists discussed clinical implications in a focus group. Results: The implementation of the assessment strategy was feasible and accepted; participants did not report any side effects. Principal component and network analyses indicated interpretable components (e.g., participant 1: hopelessness, procrastination, coping, avoidance). The focus group appreciated the potential of the approach, but raised some questions, too. Discussion: The presented assessment strategy has the potential to enhance the scientific quality of case conceptualization empowering therapists’ decision-making regarding treatment planning. At the same time, it is a concrete demonstration of the challenges that arise on the way and need to be addressed in future research.