Systems genetics identifies the association between Enc1 and cognitive function in the hippocampus

Ectodermal-Neural Cortex 1 (ENC1) is expressed in multiple regions of the brain, including the hippocampus. However, knowledge about its function has been well explored only in the context of peroxidative stress and cancer. In this study, we investigated the association of hippocampal Enc1 with cognitive function in BXD mice. We performed Pearson correlation, phenotype-wide association analysis (PheWAS), expression-Based PheWAS, pathway enrichment, and protein interaction networks on Enc1 and BXD phenotypes/transcriptome of the hippocampus, and the results indicated that Enc1 is inextricably linked to cognitive performance. In addition, we found that most of the Enc1 co-expressed genes were highly expressed in GABAergic neuronal cells. Expression quantitative trait loci analysis indicated that Enc1 was cis -regulated in the hippocampus of mice as well as human. Genome-wide association analysis revealed ENC1 to be significantly associated with cognitive-related traits, including age-related cognitive changes etc. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that Enc1 is involved in cognitive functions mainly in hippocampal GABAergic neuronal cells through neurogenesis, synaptic signaling, and CGMP-PKG signaling pathways, and interacts with the neurological function-related genes.