Cavities Herald Persistent Sputum Positivity

Cavities Herald Persistent Sputum Positivity | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Cavities Herald Persistent Sputum Positivity Nadia Jawad, Nausheen Saifullah, Naseem Ahmed, Saira Jafri This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-324393/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 3 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Aim: To determine the factors associated with persistent sputum positivity at the end of two months of treatment in patients presenting with (drug-susceptible) pulmonary tuberculosis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Chest Medicine (Ward 12), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi over six months. Methods: A sample of 73 consenting, newly diagnosed, smear positive drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis patients was studied. Demographic (age, gender, height, weight and duration of tuberculosis, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic, occupational, marital, educational and residential statuses) and clinical factors (chest X-ray extent and cavities, initial smear results, diabetic and smoking statuses) which may be associated with sputum non-conversion were entered in a proforma. Patients were followed up at two months of treatment with a sputum smear. Data analysis was done on SPSS-20.0. Results: Rate of sputum positivity after two months of treatment was 17.8%. None of the factors was associated with persistence of sputum positivity except for the presence of chest radiograph (CXR) cavities; which made it 5.5 times more likely that the patient would remain smear-positive at two months (p=0.035). Conclusion: The finding of CXR cavities makes it highly likely that a pulmonary tuberculosis patient may remain infectious or have an unfavourable outcome despite taking treatment for 2 months. Clinicians and national policy-makers should thus bear in mind the implications this can have with regard to disease control and pay particular attention in terms of stringent monitoring and Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) provision. Internal Medicine Pulmonary Tuberculosis Sputum Pulmonary inflammation Full Text Tables Table-1: Association of sputum positivity with demographic characteristics. Factors Total Sputum Converted (n=60) Sputum Non-converted (n=13) Sig. Gender Male 43 (58.9) 36 (60.0) 7 (53.8) 0.683 Female 30 (41.1) 24 (40.0) 6 (46.2) Age (years) Below 40 38 (52.1) 32 (53.3) 6 (46.2) 0.639 40 or above 35 (47.9) 28 (46.7) 7 (53.8) BMI (kg/ m 2 ) <18.5 (under-weight) 27 (37.0) 22 (37.3) 5 (38.5) 0.989 18.5-24.9 (Normal) 30 (41.1) 24 (40.7) 5 (38.5) ≥25 (Over-weight) 16 (21.9) 13 (22.0) 3 (23.0) Occupation Student 26 (35.6) 22 (36.7) 4 (30.8) 0.410 Employed 28 (38.4) 21 (35.0) 7 (53.8) Unemployed 19 (26.0) 17 (28.3) 2 (15.4) Education Illiterate 30 (41.1) 24 (40.0) 6 (46.2) 0.411 Primary 14 (19.2) 12 (20.0) 2 (15.4) Secondary 20 (27.4) 15 (25.0) 5 (38.5) Higher 9 (12.3) 9 (15.0) 0 (0) Marital status Single 23 (31.5) 20 (33.3) 3 (23.1) 0.743 Married 50 (68.5) 40 (66.7) 10 (76.9) Socio-economic status Lower class 32 (43.8) 26 (43.3) 6 (46.2) 0.885 Lower middle class 32 (43.8) 27 (45.0) 5 (38.5) Middle class 9 (12.3) 7 (11.7) 2 (15.4) Values given in parentheses are percentages. Table-2: Association of sputum positivity with environmental and clinical factors: Factors Total Sputum Converted (n=60) Sputum Non-converted (n=13) Sig. House Own 43 (58.9) 35 (58.3) 8 (61.5) 0.831 Rented 30 (41.1) 25 (41.7) 5 (38.5) Smoker Yes 45 (61.6) 24 (40.0) 4 (30.8) 0.754 No 28 (38.4) 36 (60.0) 9 (69.2) Diabetic Yes 56 (76.7) 14 (23.3) 3 (23.1) 0.984 No 17 (23.3) 46 (76.7) 10 (76.9) Initial smear Scanty 15 (20.5) 14 (23.3)) 1 (7.7) 0.460 1+ 9 (12.3) 8 (13.3) 1 (7.7) 2+ 19 (26.0) 14 (23.3) 5 (38.5) 3+ 30 (41.1) 24 (40.0) 6 (46.2) Initial gen expert Very low/ trace 1 (1.4) 1 (1.7) 0 (0) 0.566 Low 15 (20.5) 14 (23.3) 1 (7.7) Medium 26 (35.6) 20 (33.3) 6 (46.2) High 31 (42.5) 25 (41.7) 6 (46.2) CXR extension side Unilateral 45 (61.6) 37 (61.7) 8 (61.5) 0.993 Bilateral 28 (38.4) 23 (38.3) 5 (38.5) CXR extension lobes Localized 29 (39.7) 24 (40.0) 5 (38.5) 0.918 Multi-lobar 44 (60.3) 36 (60.0) 8 (61.5) CXR cavity Present 41 (56.2) 30 (50.0) 11 (84.6)* 0.031 Absent 32 (43.8) 30 (50.0) 2 (15.4) *Shows significantly higher proportion at 5% level of significance by using chi-square test. Values given in parentheses are percentages. Table-3: Predicting factors of sputum smear positivity. Factors Sputum Converted (n=60) Sputum Non-converted (n=13) OR (95% CI) p-value Male patients 36 (60.0) 7 (53.8) 0.78 (0.23-2.60) 0.683 Age >40 years 32 (53.3) 6 (46.2) 1.33 (0.40-4.44) 0.639 BMI <18.5 kg/m 2 22 (37.3) 5 (38.5) 1.09 (0.28-4.28) 0.901 Employed 21 (35.0) 7 (53.8) 1.83 (0.47-7.19) 0.385 Illiterate 24 (40.0) 6 (46.2) 1.29 (0.38-4.30) 0.683 Married 40 (66.7) 10 (76.9) 1.67 (0.41-6.74) 0.474 Lower economic class 26 (43.3) 6 (46.2) 1.12 (0.34-3.74) 0.853 Own house 35 (58.3) 8 (61.5) 1.14 (0.33-3.91) 0.831 Smoking 24 (40.0) 4 (30.8) 0.67 (0.18-2.41) 0.537 Diabetes 14 (23.3) 3 (23.1) 0.99 (0.24-4.09) 0.984 3+ smear 24 (40.0) 6 (46.2) 1.29 (0.38-4.30) 0.683 CXR bilateral sides 23 (38.3) 5 (38.5) 0.73 (0.21-2.56) 0.627 CXR multi-lobe extension 36 (60.0) 8 (61.5) 1.07 (0.31-3.65) 0.918 CXR cavity 30 (50.0) 11 (84.6)* 5.50 (1.12-27.0) 0.035 *Shows significantly higher proportion at 5% level of significance. Supplementary Files STROBEchecklistv4combined1.doc Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 03 Sep, 2021 Editor assigned by journal 14 Mar, 2021 First submitted to journal 12 Mar, 2021 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-324393","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":50009987,"identity":"ef11eb5d-9c1b-44c2-b467-7bd7aabbcbf2","order_by":0,"name":"Nadia Jawad","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Nadia","middleName":"","lastName":"Jawad","suffix":""},{"id":50009988,"identity":"2eee6d73-7426-477b-baa2-8fcd986b92d6","order_by":1,"name":"Nausheen Saifullah","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Jinnah Post Graduate Medical 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Jafri","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA2ElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYPACCQYG9gYgbWBBlHLGBrAWngMgLRJEawFZlAC1jhDQbW8+/vBHjUU+/8znVzf8KJBg4G/vTsCrxezMscRmnmMSljNu55Td7AE6TOLM2Q34tdzIMWxmYJMwYLidk3aDB6jFQCKXgJb77z82/vgnYSB/80zazT9EabnBw9jA2yZhYHCD/dht4mw5k2Y4m7dPwsDwTA7bbRkDCR7Cfjl++MHHH9/qDOSOH392880fGzn+9l78WpAAjwGYJFY5CLA/IEX1KBgFo2AUjCAAALCsSQ4/7gScAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Jinnah Post Graduate Medical Centre","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Saira","middleName":"","lastName":"Jafri","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-03-13 15:11:55","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-324393/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-324393/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":13676598,"identity":"5b58dee8-d55f-4fcd-8677-de842250986c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 11:31:28","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":281570,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SPposiArticle.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-324393/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":13155232,"identity":"5f6fb29b-adef-4288-a870-685f82863286","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-07 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PDF\u003c/a\u003e."},{"header":"Tables","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable-1: Association of sputum positivity with demographic characteristics.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFactors\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSputum Converted (n=60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSputum Non-converted (n=13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSig.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eGender\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"26%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"13%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43 (58.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (60.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (53.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.683\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.91139240506329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"16.455696202531644%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (41.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.72151898734177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.518987341772153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.39240506329114%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge (years)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBelow 40\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e38 (52.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (53.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.639\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"32.91139240506329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 or above\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.455696202531644%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (47.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.72151898734177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (46.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.518987341772153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (53.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.39240506329114%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBMI (kg/ m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;18.5 (under-weight)\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (37.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (37.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.989\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"32.91139240506329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e18.5-24.9 (Normal)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.455696202531644%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (41.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.72151898734177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (40.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.518987341772153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.39240506329114%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"32.91139240506329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;25 (Over-weight)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.455696202531644%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e16 (21.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.72151898734177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e13 (22.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.518987341772153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (23.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.39240506329114%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOccupation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eStudent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (35.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (36.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (30.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.410\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.91139240506329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.455696202531644%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (38.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.72151898734177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (35.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.518987341772153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (53.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.39240506329114%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.91139240506329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnemployed\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.455696202531644%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (26.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.72151898734177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (28.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.518987341772153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (15.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.39240506329114%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEducation\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIlliterate\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (41.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.411\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.91139240506329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePrimary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.455696202531644%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (19.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.72151898734177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e12 (20.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.518987341772153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (15.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.39240506329114%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSecondary\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (27.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (25.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigher\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (12.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (15.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarital status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (31.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (33.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (23.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.743\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"21%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e50 (68.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (66.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (76.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"3\" valign=\"top\" width=\"21%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSocio-economic status\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower class\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"13%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (43.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (43.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.885\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.91139240506329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower middle class\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.455696202531644%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (43.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.72151898734177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e27 (45.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.518987341772153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.39240506329114%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"32.91139240506329%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMiddle class\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.455696202531644%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (12.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"17.72151898734177%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (11.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"21.518987341772153%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (15.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"11.39240506329114%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eValues given in parentheses are percentages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable-2: Association of sputum positivity with environmental and clinical factors:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFactors\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eTotal\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSputum Converted (n=60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSputum Non-converted (n=13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSig.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHouse\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOwn\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e43 (58.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (58.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (61.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.831\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"26.96629213483146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eRented\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"17.528089887640448%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (41.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.224719101123597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (41.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"22.921348314606742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.359550561797754%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmoker\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 (61.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (30.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.754\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.96629213483146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.528089887640448%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (38.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.224719101123597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (60.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"22.921348314606742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (69.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.359550561797754%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetic\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e56 (76.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (23.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (23.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.984\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"26.96629213483146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.528089887640448%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e17 (23.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.224719101123597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e46 (76.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"22.921348314606742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (76.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.359550561797754%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\" width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInitial smear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eScanty\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (20.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (23.3))\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.460\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"26.96629213483146%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"17.528089887640448%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e9 (12.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"20.224719101123597%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (13.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"22.921348314606742%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"12.359550561797754%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e19 (26.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (23.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3+\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (41.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eInitial gen expert\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eVery low/ trace\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (1.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0 (0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.566\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLow\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e15 (20.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (23.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1 (7.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMedium\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (35.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e20 (33.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eHigh\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e31 (42.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e25 (41.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCXR extension side\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eUnilateral\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e45 (61.6)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e37 (61.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (61.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.993\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBilateral\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e28 (38.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (38.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCXR extension lobes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLocalized\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e29 (39.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.918\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMulti-lobar\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e44 (60.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (60.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (61.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCXR cavity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ePresent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e41 (56.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (50.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (84.6)*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"25.9567387687188%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"19.966722129783694%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAbsent\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"12.9783693843594%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (43.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"14.97504159733777%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (50.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.97171381031614%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e2 (15.4)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"9.151414309484194%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*Shows significantly higher proportion at 5% level of significance by using chi-square test.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eValues given in parentheses are percentages.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTable-3: Predicting factors of sputum smear positivity.\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ctable border=\"0\" cellpadding=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" width=\"0\"\u003e\n \u003ctbody\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eFactors\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSputum Converted (n=60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSputum Non-converted (n=13)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOR (95% CI)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003ep-value\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMale patients\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (60.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (53.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.78 (0.23-2.60)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.683\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eAge \u0026gt;40 years\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e32 (53.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.33 (0.40-4.44)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.639\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eBMI \u0026lt;18.5 kg/m\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e22 (37.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.09 (0.28-4.28)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.901\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eEmployed\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e21 (35.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e7 (53.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.83 (0.47-7.19)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.385\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eIlliterate\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.29 (0.38-4.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.683\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eMarried\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e40 (66.7)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e10 (76.9)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.67 (0.41-6.74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.474\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eLower economic class\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e26 (43.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.12 (0.34-3.74)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.853\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eOwn house\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e35 (58.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (61.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.14 (0.33-3.91)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.831\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eSmoking\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e4 (30.8)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.67 (0.18-2.41)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.537\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eDiabetes\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e14 (23.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3 (23.1)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.99 (0.24-4.09)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.984\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e3+ smear\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e24 (40.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e6 (46.2)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.29 (0.38-4.30)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.683\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCXR bilateral sides\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e23 (38.3)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5 (38.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.73 (0.21-2.56)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.627\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCXR multi-lobe extension\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e36 (60.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e8 (61.5)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e1.07 (0.31-3.65)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.918\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003ctr\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"32.78145695364238%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003eCXR cavity\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e30 (50.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"bottom\" width=\"16.887417218543046%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e11 (84.6)*\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"22.516556291390728%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e5.50 (1.12-27.0)\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003ctd valign=\"top\" width=\"10.927152317880795%\"\u003e\n \u003cp\u003e0.035\u003c/p\u003e\n \u003c/td\u003e\n \u003c/tr\u003e\n \u003c/tbody\u003e\n\u003c/table\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e*Shows significantly higher proportion at 5% level of significance.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"sn-comprehensive-clinical-medicine","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"sncm","sideBox":"Learn more about [SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine](https://www.springer.com/journal/42399)","snPcode":"42399","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/42399/3","title":"SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"Pulmonary, Tuberculosis, Sputum, Pulmonary inflammation","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-324393/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-324393/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eAim: To determine the factors associated with persistent sputum positivity at the end of two months of treatment in patients presenting with (drug-susceptible) pulmonary tuberculosis at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSetting: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Chest Medicine (Ward 12), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC), Karachi over six months.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eMethods:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA sample of 73 consenting, newly diagnosed, smear positive drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis patients was studied. Demographic (age, gender, height, weight and duration of tuberculosis, body mass index (BMI), socioeconomic, occupational, marital, educational and residential statuses) and clinical factors (chest X-ray extent and cavities, initial smear results, diabetic and smoking statuses) which may be associated with sputum non-conversion were entered in a proforma. Patients were followed up at two months of treatment with a sputum smear. Data analysis was done on SPSS-20.0.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eResults:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eRate of sputum positivity after two months of treatment was 17.8%. None of the factors was associated with persistence of sputum positivity except for the presence of chest radiograph (CXR) cavities; which made it 5.5 times more likely that the patient would remain smear-positive at two months (p=0.035).\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eConclusion:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe finding of CXR cavities makes it highly likely that a pulmonary tuberculosis patient may remain infectious or have an unfavourable outcome despite taking treatment for 2 months. Clinicians and national policy-makers should thus bear in mind the implications this can have with regard to disease control and pay particular attention in terms of stringent monitoring and Directly Observed Treatment Short-course (DOTS) provision.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Cavities Herald Persistent Sputum Positivity","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-09-07 19:47:49","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-324393/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-09-03T09:59:07+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2021-03-15T00:00:00+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine","date":"2021-03-12T06:49:39+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"sn-comprehensive-clinical-medicine","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"sncm","sideBox":"Learn more about [SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine](https://www.springer.com/journal/42399)","snPcode":"42399","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/42399/3","title":"SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"a6cb00e2-d2fe-412f-919b-cc097a42ac8e","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 7th, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[{"id":6972016,"name":"Internal Medicine"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-12-15T02:48:23+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2021-09-07 19:47:49","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-324393","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-324393","identity":"rs-324393","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"WrCJVZZCHTDjtuVLN7oU0","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}