Sodium Alginate/Sodium Lignosulfonate Composite Gel Beads for Controlled Release of (+)-Pinoresinol: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications

Sodium Alginate/Sodium Lignosulfonate Composite Gel Beads for Controlled Release of (+)-Pinoresinol: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Sodium Alginate/Sodium Lignosulfonate Composite Gel Beads for Controlled Release of (+)-Pinoresinol: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications Yuhao Cheng, Chaoqun You, Junjie Zhang, Xun Li, Fei Wang, Yu Zhang This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6495115/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract (+)-Pinoresinol (PIN), a bioactive lignan with antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and chemo-preventive properties, faces pharmaceutical challenges due to poor aqueous solubility, instability, and irritancy. To address these limitations, we engineered sodium alginate (SA)/sodium lignosulfonate (LS) composite gel beads (SA/LS@PIN) as a multifunctional drug carrier. The beads were fabricated through Ca²⁺-mediated cross-linking, where LS integration enhanced structural stability and drug-loading capacity by modulating the gel matrix architecture. Systematic characterization revealed that LS incorporation (1–3% w/v) optimized bead morphology and improved drug entrapment efficiency (0.85% vs. 0.53% for SA-only beads). Under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, SA/LS@PIN exhibited pH-triggered release kinetics: LS delayed PIN release in gastric fluid while promoting intestinal-specific delivery via Ca²⁺-dissociation mechanisms. The composite demonstrated dual functionality, combining controlled release with antioxidant activity (26.64% DPPH radical scavenging attributed to LS-derived sulfonate and hydroxyl groups) and high biocompatibility (>80% cell viability at 3% LS). This sustainable platform integrates pH-responsive drug delivery, oxidative stress mitigation, and low cytotoxicity, offering a promising strategy for biomedical and nutraceutical applications. sodium alginate sodium lignosulfonate gel beads (+)-pinoresinol controlled release biological activity Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files SupportingInformationforPublication.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Revision requested 19 Jun, 2025 Reviews received at journal 04 Jun, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Jun, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 03 Jun, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 24 Apr, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 23 Apr, 2025 First submitted to journal 21 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. 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Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6495115","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":466414394,"identity":"20943600-6282-4427-a5a2-65a2b808a9ff","order_by":0,"name":"Yuhao Cheng","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nanjing Forestry University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Yuhao","middleName":"","lastName":"Cheng","suffix":""},{"id":466414395,"identity":"5e47f772-769a-48fd-af94-7bc14629f1cd","order_by":1,"name":"Chaoqun You","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nanjing Forestry 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To address these limitations, we engineered sodium alginate (SA)/sodium lignosulfonate (LS) composite gel beads (SA/LS@PIN) as a multifunctional drug carrier. The beads were fabricated through Ca²⁺-mediated cross-linking, where LS integration enhanced structural stability and drug-loading capacity by modulating the gel matrix architecture. Systematic characterization revealed that LS incorporation (1–3% w/v) optimized bead morphology and improved drug entrapment efficiency (0.85% vs. 0.53% for SA-only beads). Under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, SA/LS@PIN exhibited pH-triggered release kinetics: LS delayed PIN release in gastric fluid while promoting intestinal-specific delivery via Ca²⁺-dissociation mechanisms. The composite demonstrated dual functionality, combining controlled release with antioxidant activity (26.64% DPPH radical scavenging attributed to LS-derived sulfonate and hydroxyl groups) and high biocompatibility (\u0026gt;80% cell viability at 3% LS). This sustainable platform integrates pH-responsive drug delivery, oxidative stress mitigation, and low cytotoxicity, offering a promising strategy for biomedical and nutraceutical applications.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Sodium Alginate/Sodium Lignosulfonate Composite Gel Beads for Controlled Release of (+)-Pinoresinol: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-06-06 10:27:40","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6495115/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Revision requested","date":"2025-06-20T02:33:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-06-04T11:36:25+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"248708447203259228917044804895061890170","date":"2025-06-03T11:20:59+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-06-03T09:52:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-04-24T04:00:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-04-24T03:58:22+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Colloid and Polymer Science","date":"2025-04-21T10:18:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"colloid-and-polymer-science","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":" Learn more about [Colloid and Polymer Science](https://www.springer.com/journal/396) ","snPcode":"396","submissionUrl":"https://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/cps","title":"Colloid and Polymer Science","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"stoa","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"fe2eb882-be53-43ec-a9e7-7523c62099d3","owner":[],"postedDate":"June 6th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-07-28T10:23:53+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-06-06 10:27:40","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6495115","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6495115","identity":"rs-6495115","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}