Tau-mediated synaptic dysfunction is coupled with HCN channelopathy

Progressive neurodegeneration in tauopathies is mediated through an elusive mechanism. Here, we show that hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are functionally linked to disease-associated abnormalities in tau. Selective rises in the proportion of HCN-positive neurons are detected both in post-mortem human brain from Alzheimer’s disease and in the Tau35 mouse model of tauopathy. Tau35 mice develop progressive abnormalities including increased phosphorylated tau, enhanced HCN channel expression and decreased dendritic branching, as well as reduced synapse density that is accompanied by vesicle clustering defects. Notably, altered spine density and increased HCN channel expression in Tau35 neurons correlates with functional abnormalities in network properties, including enhanced hyperpolarization-induced membrane voltage ‘sag’ and changes in the frequency and kinetics of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents. Our findings are consistent with pathological changes in tauopathies impacting on HCN channels to drive network-wide structural and functional synaptic deficits, providing new targets for therapeutic intervention.