The Effects of Online Pilates and Face-To-Face Pilates in Healthy Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Study

The Effects of Online Pilates and Face-To-Face Pilates in Healthy Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Study | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article The Effects of Online Pilates and Face-To-Face Pilates in Healthy Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Study Halil Ibrahim BULGUROGLU, Merve BULGUROGLU This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2051474/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Feb, 2023 Read the published version in BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation → Version 1 posted 11 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Background: Along with the covid-19 process, people started to turn to online exercise methods. One of these methods is the pilates method, which increases the endurance of the core muscles. This study aims to analyze and compare the effects of online and face-to-face pilates methods. Methods: Fifty-eight healthy individuals aged 25-40 years were included in the study. Individuals were randomly divided into three groups; online pilates group (OPG), face-to-face pilates group (FPG), and control group (CG). Pilates groups were given pilates exercises in groups of three or four for eight weeks, three days a week, for 1 hour a day, by the physiotherapist. The control group did breathing and relaxation exercises at home. Core muscular endurance, depression, and quality of life were assessed before and after eight weeks of training. Results: Core muscle endurance, depression, and quality of life improved after pilates in online and face-to-face pilates groups (p 0.05). When the gains obtained in the pilates groups were compared, it was observed that the improvement in trunk extensor muscle strength was higher in the face-to-face pilates group (p0.05). Conclusions: As a result, healthy individuals have seen similar benefits in online and face-to-face pilates. Both methods are significant for gaining healthy habits and increasing physical activity in healthy individuals. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered. NCT05309486, Registration date: 04/04/2022. URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05309486?term=BULGUROGLU&draw=2&rank=1 COVID-19 Core muscle endurance Depression Online exercise Pilates Figures Figure 1 Background Telerehabilitation; is a developing method that reduces service barriers such as time, cost, and distance, eliminates the financial burden, provides savings, and brings individuals and healthcare professionals together in a virtual environment. It has been shown in the literature that the tele-exercise services provided as part of telerehabilitation services, which became widespread during the Covid − 19 pandemic process, have beneficial effects in increasing the decreasing physical activity and reducing the emerging problems [ 1 , 2 ]. The pandemic process we have been through has provided us health professionals with the opportunity to spread online methods. One of the most important and easy ways to gain healthy habits and keep all the body's systems, but perhaps the most important one, the immune system, is to exercise. In addition, considering these effects in the post-pandemic period, it is thought that online methods can continue to be used [ 3 , 4 ]. Another exercise method used as tele-exercise in the literature is Pilates [ 5 ]. Developed by Joseph Pilates in the 1900s, pilates is an increasingly common exercise method that increases the strength, endurance, and flexibility of the trunk stabilizer muscles. The method focuses heavily on mind-body integrity [ 6 , 7 ]. Studies on Pilates in the literature show that face-to-face Pilates training positively affects core muscle endurance, mental health, and quality of life in healthy individuals [ 8 , 9 ]. Several recent studies have examined the effects of online pilates training and have been shown to affect core endurance and quality of life [ 5 , 10 ]. In the results of these studies, it was emphasized that online pilates training is applicable; On the other hand, it was stated that online training should be compared with whether it is as practical as face-to-face pilates training. Therefore, we thought there was a need for randomized controlled studies investigating the effects of online and face-to-face pilates in healthy individuals. We planned a randomized controlled study that examined the effects of online pilates and face-to-face pilates methods. Our study aims to analyze and compare the effects of online pilates and face-to-face pilates methods on core muscle endurance, depression, and quality of life in healthy individuals. Methods Participants We conducted the study at Ankara Medipol University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation. Before starting the study, ethical approval was obtained from Ankara Medipol University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee with the decision dated 24.12.2021 and numbered 65. All methods were performed following the relevant CONSORT 2010 guidelines and regulations (Clinical Trials.gov Number NCT05309486, First Registration 04/04/2022) and were conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. Sixty-four healthy volunteers aged 25–40 were included in the study. The exclusion criteria for this study were: any cardiovascular, orthopedic, visual, hearing, and perception problems that may affect the research results and participation in other exercises or physiotherapy programs during the past six months. Procedures Evaluations at the beginning of the study and after eight weeks of training; were performed by an experienced physiotherapist blinded to randomization. The group they belonged to was not disclosed to the participants until the end of the baseline assessment. We used a simple method (Microsoft Excel 2016) for randomization. After the initial evaluation, individuals were randomly assigned to OPG, FPG, or CG, unaware of the person performing the statistical analysis. We completed Pilates exercises under the supervision of a certified experience physiotherapist in both pilates groups. We asked individuals not to inform the evaluator in which group they were in the final evaluation. Before the study, we explained the purpose and content of the study to the participants and obtained written informed consent for participation from all participants. Intervention Online pilates and face-to-face pilates training, which lasted three days a week, 1 hour for eight weeks, was carried out by Australian Pilates and Physiotherapy Institute certified and experienced Ph.D. Physiotherapist Halil Ibrahim Bulguroglu. While the Microsoft Teams program was used to apply the online pilates method, face-to-face pilates training was held at Ankara Medipol University. To perform the exercises more effectively and efficiently, we divided the individuals in both pilates groups into small groups. Pilates practitioners typically perform a simple series of low-intensity, repetitive exercises involving the trunk, hip, thigh, and arm movements to increase endurance [ 6 ]. The same exercises were applied in both pilates groups, including hundreds,single leg circles, shoulder bridge, single leg stretch, clam, sidekick, side leg lifts, arms opening, breaststroke preparations, swan, swimming, and the roll-up. In both groups, exercises were performed as 15 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of pilates, and 15 minutes of cooling and stretching exercises. For both groups, the basic elements of the first session of pilates; breathing, focus, rib cage position, shoulder position, and head and neck positions were taught, and Individuals were asked to maintain the smoothness of these key elements throughout the exercises. Different imagery techniques were used in the exercises, and the exercises were combined with breathing exercises. Subjects in both pilates groups were informed about side effects such as shortness of breath, dizziness, headache, muscle pain, and weakness. They were asked to stop exercising when they experienced any of these side effects. Subjects in the control group were asked to follow a home program of relaxation and breathing exercises three times a week for eight weeks. Outcome measurements Participants included in the study were evaluated with data collection forms filled twice, before and after the training programs. We recorded the participants' demographic information (age, body weight, height, body mass index). We evaluated core muscle endurance with the Side Bridge test, Modified Biering-Sorensen test, Trunk Flexion test, and Prone Bridge test [ 11 ]. Measurements that ended after 30 seconds or when subjects changed their test positions were recorded with a stopwatch as seconds. In the side bridge test, the subjects were asked to form a straight line by lifting their body off the ground on their right forearm and feet. It was repeated on the other side. In the modified Biering-Sorensen test, while an assistant supported the individual's pelvis on a workout bench, the individual was asked to raise the upper body hanging from the workout bench to the level of the bench. In the trunk flexion test, subjects were held with their backs angled 60° from the ground. In the prone bridge test, subjects were asked to keep their bodies straight, with their feet hip-width apart, toes, and elbows. We evaluated depression with Beck Depression Scale (BDI) [ 12 ]. The score range in BDI, a 21-item self-evaluation type scale, is 0–63. The Turkish version of the Beck Depression Scale was used in our study [ 13 ]. We evaluated Quality of Life with Short Form-36 (SF-36) [ 14 ]. SF-36; consists of 36 items to measure eight dimensions: physical, mental, and general health. In the subscales evaluated between 0 and 100, a high score indicates a good quality of life. Our study used the Turkish version of the Short Form-36 [ 15 ]. Statistical analysis Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 26 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). The normal distribution of variables was determined using histograms, probability plots, and the Shapiro-Wilk test. Because of the abnormal distribution, the median and interquartile range (IQR) were used for all analyses. The Wilcoxon Test was used to compare baseline values within the group and values after eight weeks. The gain in OPG and FPG was compared with the Mann-Whitney U Test. The level of significance for all analyzes was taken as p < 0.05. Effect sizes results, evaluated within pre-post differences according to Cohen's d standards, were interpreted as small (≥ 0.2), moderate (≥ 0.5) or large (≥ 0.8) [ 16 ] Results Within the scope of the study, we invited 64 healthy participants for evaluation. Three participants were excluded: those who withdrew at their request. The remaining sixty-one participants were allocated to three subgroups using a simple randomization method. The first group included 21 participants who received online pilates exercises; the second group had 20 participants who received face-to-face pilates exercises, and the third group, as a control group, including 20 participants. One participant in the first group and two in the second group left the study for personal reasons. Consequently, 20 subjects from OPG, 18 from APG, and 20 from CG completed the study. Figure 1 shows the CONSORT flow diagram showing the participants in the study. In the post hoc power analysis for the study, the effect size calculated considering the depression values was 1.076. The power of the study was calculated as 0.84 when 20 subjects were included in OPG and 18 subjects in FPG. The patients’ demographic characteristics can be seen in Table 1 . Table 1 Demographic characteristics of the groups Online Pilates Group Median (IQR) n = 20 Face-to-Face Pilates Group Median (IQR) n = 18 Control Group Median (IQR) n = 20 Age (years) 28 (25–31) 29 (26–33) 27 (24–32) Height (cm) 171 (155–179) 170 (154–178) 168 (156–176) Weight (kg) 71 (53–95) 72 (55–94) 73 (55–94) BMI-1 (kg/ cm²) 22.34 (19.93–32.78) 23.14 (18.79–29.85) 22.76 (17.61–26.75) BMI-2 (kg/ cm²) 22.94 (18.33–33.25) 22.58 (19.24–30.13) 22.33 (18.17–29.73) Data are presented as Median (IQR). cm: centimeters, kg: kilograms, BMI: body mass index. A statistically significant improvement was observed in the online and face-to-face pilates groups when Core muscle endurance measurements were compared before and after pilates (p < 0.05, Table 2 ). In addition, we found a significant decrease in Beck Depression Scale scores in both pilates groups (p 0.05, Table 2 ). Table 2 A comparison of the previous and subsequent measurement of core endurance and depression parameters for groups Before Median (IQR) After Median (IQR) p Effect Size CORE ENDURANCE Side bridge (s) R OPG 14.0 (5.2–48.4) 28.15 (11.6–58.3) 0.002* 0.82 FPG 8.23 (3.6–34.4) 26.54 (10.53–49.8) 0.001* 0.97 CG 11.18 (4.6–29.4) 12.75 (4.53–30.23) 0.421 Side bridge (s) L OPG 13.0 (6.6–22.3) 26.48 (8.17–42.3) 0.021* 1.01 FPG 9.85 (5.54–19.32) 24.13 (5.27–39.23) 0.025* 1.13 CG 8.27 (2.8–24.5) 7.67 (4.91–29.1) 0.324 Modified Biering-Sorensen (s) OPG 28.84 (2.83–57.36) 43.6 (34.56–72.71) 0.025* 0.81 FPG 29.71 (5.17–49.89) 59.12 (32.31–85.78) 0.071* 0.87 CG 27.63 (7.13–44.8) 26.79 (80.51–39.7) 0.128 Trunk flexion (s) OPG 7.32 (0–10.25) 25.84 (5.80–40.25) 0.007* 0.94 FPG 5.19 (0–9.65) 19.84 (5.80–40.25) 0.036* 1.07 CG 6.13 (3.6–11.2) 5.71 (3.13–19.1) 0.622 Prone bridge (s) OPG 18.29 (8.08–26.65) 38.41 (9.89–47.94) 0.005* 1.12 FPG 21.59 (9.98–32.65) 32.54 (12.74–57.92) 0.005* 0.86 CG 18.54 (11.6–28.4) 19.54 (10.33–27.8) 0.421 Depression Beck Depression Scale (0–63) OPG 13.85 (6–21) 9.65 (3–14) 0.074* 0.84 FPG 12.60 (5–20) 8.85 (3–12) 0.064* 0.96 CG 12.45 (5–20) 13.50 (6–20) 0.327 Data are presented as median (IQR). *p < 0.05 OPG: Online pilates group; FPG: Face-to-face pilates group, CG: Control group Statistically significant improvements were observed in individuals' quality of life test scores in the online and face-to-face pilates groups after pilates (p 0.05, Table 3 ). Table 3 A comparison of the previous and subsequent measurement of quality of life parameters for groups. Before Median (IQR) After Median (IQR) p Effect size Short Form-36 (0-100) Physical functioning OPG 85 (75–95) 90 (70–95) 0.024* 0.74 FPG 85 (75–95) 90 (70–95) 0.044* 0.77 CG 85 (75–100) 85 (75–100) 0.241 Role limitations (physical problems) OPG 85 (50–100) 95 (75–100) 0.04* 0.67 FPG 85 (75–100) 95 (75–100) 0.038* 0.71 CG 80 (33.3–100) 70 (60–80) 0.542 Role limitations (emotional problems) OPG 80 (33.3–100) 100 (66.6–100) 0.03* 1.04 FPG 90 (66.6–100) 100 (66.6–100) 0.041* 0.96 CG 80 (33.3–100) 80 (33.3–100) 0.754 Vitality OPG 60 (50–65) 70 (60–80) 0.015* 0.68 FPG 60 (50–65) 70 (60–80) 0.017* 0.67 CG 70 (60–80) 60 (50–65) 0.523 Mental health OPG 76 (64–80) 84 (72–90) 0.035* 0.82 FPG 80 (76–84) 84 (72–90) 0.076* 0.83 CG 80 (76–84) 80 (76–84) 0.259 Social functioning OPG 75 (50–100) 87.5 (75–100) 0.024* 0.58 FPG 75 (75–100) 87.5 (75–100) 0.054* 0.63 CG 80 (76–84) 75 (75–100) 0.752 Pain OPG 77.5 (45–90) 90 (75–100) 0.016* 0.92 FPG 77.5 (52.5–90) 90 (75–100) 0.024* 0.97 CG 60 (50–65) 60 (50–65) 0.711 General health perception OPG 70 (55–80) 80 (70–90) 0.018* 0.99 FPG 65 (45–80) 80 (70–90) 0.011* 1.12 CG 72 (64–80) 70 (55–80) 0.283 Data are presented as median (IQR). *p < 0.05 OPG: Online pilates group; FPG: Face-to-face pilates group. When the number of improvements in core muscle endurance measurements between both pilates groups was compared, it was observed that the development in the Modified Biering Sorensen was higher in the face-to-face pilates group (p 0.05, Table 4 ). There was no difference in the amount of change in depression levels and quality of life scores in the pilates groups (p > 0.05, Table 4 ). Table 4 Comparison of change between pilates groups in the core endurance, depression and quality of life Online Pilates Group Δ Median (IQR) Face-to-face Pilates Group Δ Median (IQR) p Core endurance Side bridge (s) R 1.13 (0.77–41.24) 1.11 (0.14–15.87) 0.507 Side bridge (s) L 7.51 (1.23–28.64) 5.64 (0.19–28.09) 0,114 Modified Biering-Sorensen (s) 27.3 (5.5–38.8) 34.9 (12.6–47.9) 0.015* Trunk flexion (s) 2.9 (0–7.4) 3.6 (0.5–8.8) 0.957 Prone bridge (s) 5.7 (0.8–27.1) 7.1 (2.8–13.2) 0.231 Depression Beck depression scale –5 (–12/–1.5) –5 (–12/0) 0.074 Short Form-36 Physical functioning 4.5 (1.4–8.9) 4.7 (1.2–6.4) 0.047 Role limitations (physical problems) 3.8 (0.7–6.4) 3.9 (0–5.8) 0.784 Role limitations (emotional problems) 4.3 (2.7–4.9) 4.5 (1.1–6.1) 0.125 Vitality 2.5 (0.9–5.1) 3.1 (0–4.8) 0.367 Mental health 4.9 (0–7.4) 4.7 (0–6.8) 0.114 Social functioning 2.5 (0.7–3.9) 2.2 (0–5.4) 0.218 Pain 4.1 (1.2–5.9) 4.2 (0.5–6.1) 0.467 General health perception 3.7 (0–4.6) 3.9 (0–7.4) 0.874 Data are presented as median (IQR). *p < 0.05, R: Right, L: Left. Discussion This study answered, "Is there a difference between core muscle endurance, depression, and quality of life development due to online and face-to-face pilates training in healthy individuals?". We found that online pilates and face-to-face pilates training improved all these parameters, and online pilates exercises were at least as practical as face-to-face pilates training. Our study found that the core muscle endurance of healthy individuals increased in both online and face-to-face pilates groups. Although one study in the literature shows the effect of online pilates training on core muscle endurance in healthy individuals [ 5 ], many studies show that face-to-face pilates exercise improves core muscle endurance in healthy individuals [ 17 , 18 ]. Keklik et al., In a study completed with 33 healthy participants, stated that 6-week online pilates training improved all core muscle endurance tests. A systematic review included nine randomized controlled studies discussing the effect of face-to-face pilates exercises on healthy individuals. It was concluded that pilates exercises performed two or three times a week for 5–12 weeks increased core muscle endurance [ 17 ]. Another systematic review included 16 randomized controlled trials and concluded that Pilates training provides moderate evidence for improving muscular endurance in healthy individuals [ 18 ]. The endurance of the core muscles is significant in the successful performance of daily life activities and the continuation of healthy life [ 19 ]. Pilates, which provides core muscle training in three planes, focuses on trunk stabilization [ 20 – 22 ]. We think the increase in core endurance with pilates is related to the increase in the transversus abdominis muscle activity, which is the primary muscle of the "core" region and which we activate with the centering principle of pilates. When we compared the gain obtained with pilates training in both pilates groups, it was observed that there was a statistically significant increase in favor of face-to-face pilates training in the Modified Biering-Sorensen test. However, no difference was found in other parameters. We think the more improvement in the face-to-face pilates training group, the closer the instructor is to the participant, although the basic principle is the same, making the person feel safe. In light of the results of our study, it was concluded that both pilates training could be used to develop core muscle endurance. Moreover, face-to-face pilates training may be more effective than online pilates training. Our study observed that depression levels decreased in the eight weeks of pilates training. Although our study is the first to show the effect of online pilates training on depression levels in healthy individuals, many studies show that pilates exercise reduces depression levels in healthy individuals [ 23 – 25 ]. A systematic review that included eight randomized controlled trials said the available evidence is that pilates training effectively promotes mental health [ 23 ]. Hassan and Amin stated in their study that the increase in serotonin levels with pilates exercises could help in reducing the symptoms associated with depressive symptoms and pessimistic attitudes [ 24 ]. Another study stated that pilates focused on breathing exercises, positively affecting emotional states such as depression in the elderly [ 25 ]. The results of all these studies are similar to our results. In our study, with both pilates training, thanks to principles such as concentration, breathing, and integrated isolation, we saw that participants' self-perceptions improved and their self-confidence increased. We think that these effects of both pilates training reduce the depression levels of participants. While the current pandemic caused people to stay away from physical activity and social participation, it also caused depression levels to increase. We think that being in contact with other participants and not feeling lonely with pilates training is also effective in reducing depression levels. In addition, regular exercise during the pandemic process may have made the participant feel safer and more robust and positively affected depression levels. When we compared the gains in depression levels in online pilates training and face-to-face pilates training groups, it was seen that the gains in both groups were similar. This result shows us that both methods can improve depression levels in healthy individuals. Our study improved the participants' quality of life in both pilates groups. No studies in the literature show the effects of online pilates training on the quality of life in healthy individuals. However, it has been stated in previous studies that pilates training improves the quality of life in healthy individuals [ 26 – 29 ]. Studies have shown that pilates training improves the quality of life in healthy individuals and individuals with any pathology. Similar to other studies showing improvement in our study, an increase in the quality of life of individuals in both pilates groups was observed. We think that this increase makes significant contributions to the lives of individuals. Although we think these developments are closely related to the development in the level of depression, we think that the physiological benefits of exercise and the individual's self-confidence by exercising may also be effective in this result. When the groups' improvements in the quality of life after pilates training were compared, no significant difference was found. We think that both pilates training methods can be used to improve the physical and mental quality of life of individuals. During the study, we had the chance to observe the advantages and disadvantages of both pilates methods. The face-to-face pilates method is a method that allows people to observe more closely and correct movement with tactile feedback when necessary. Also, the person and the trainer are closer to exercise development. Thus, further development can be achieved in the face-to-face pilates method, thanks to the trainer's assistance. However, the face-to-face pilates method is a more expensive practice and has disadvantages such as place and time. On the other hand, the online pilates method is a method that eliminates problems such as place and time and even eliminates the need to be in the same city. Thus, it becomes easier for trainers to reach individuals. It allows individuals to do exercises in their environment. However, it is necessary to be careful, especially in exercises where tactile stimulation is required and in the development of the exercises. One of the strengths of our study is that it is a randomized controlled evaluator blinded study. In addition, another strength of our work is that the exercises are done regularly and in small groups in both groups, in a specific discipline, at the same time every week, in company with a physiotherapist. The fact that both groups received pilates training by the same person may be a limitation of our study. Conclusions The pandemic process allows us to increase individuals' physical activity and give them healthy habits. In this study, it has been shown that online pilates training is as practical as face-to-face pilates training, is easy to apply, and can be used after the pandemic process. As a result, similar benefits were seen in healthy people in both pilates methods. While deciding which of these training may be more suitable for individuals, the individual's preferences and possibilities should be considered. We think that our study offers physiotherapists an online pilates training method that can be used during and after the pandemic, at least as effective as face-to-face pilates, easy to apply, and an exercise method that individuals can continue throughout their lives. Abbreviations BDI Beck depression Scale BMI Body mass index CG Control group CM Centimeters FPG Face-to-face pilates group IQR Interquartile range KG Kilograms L Left OPG Online pilates group R Right SF-36 Short form-36. Declarations Ethics approval and consent to participate The protocol of the study was approved by the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Ankara Medipol University (dated 24.12.2021, numbered 65) in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Written consent was obtained from participants. Consent for publication Not applicable. Availability of data and materials The datasets generated during and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to confidential information about the participants but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request at [ [email protected] ] Competing interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Funding The author reported no funding associated with the work featured in this article. Authors' contributions H.I.B. creating the idea of the study, reaching the individuals who will participate in the study, making the individuals do exercises within the scope of the study, organizing the study method, entering the data into the system and bringing it to the literature. M.B. organizing the study method, creation of evaluation forms, making the necessary evaluations of the individuals for the study, analyzing the data, and bringing them to the literature. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript. Acknowledgements None References Fiani B, Siddiqi I, Lee SC, Dhillon L. Telerehabilitation. Development, Application, and Need for Increased Usage in the COVID-19 Era for Patients with Spinal Pathology. Cureus. 2020;12(9):e10563. doi: 10.7759/cureus.10563 . Rodríguez-Blanco C, Bernal-Utrera C, Anarte-Lazo E, Saavedra-Hernandez M, De-La-Barrera-Aranda E, Serrera-Figallo M, et al. A Breathing exercises versus strength exercises through telerehabilitation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients in the acute phase: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2022;36(4):486–97. https://doi.org/10.1177/02692155211061221 . Newbold JW, Rudnicka A, Cox A. Staying Active While Staying Home: The Use of Physical Activity Technologies During Life Disruptions. Front Digit Health. 2021;3:753115. doi: 10.3389/fdgth.2021.753115 . Gava V, Ribeiro LP, Barreto RPG, Camargo PR. Effectiveness of physical therapy given by telerehabilitation on pain and disability of individuals with shoulder pain: A systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2022;36(6):715–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/02692155221083496 . Suner-Keklik S, Numanoglu-Akbas A, Cobanoglu G, Kafa N, Guzel NA. An online pilates exercise program is effective on proprioception and core muscle endurance in a randomized controlled trial. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02840-8 . Kloubec JA. Pilates for improvement of muscle endurance, flexibility, balance and posture. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(3):661–7. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c277a6 . Rogers K, Gibson AL. Eight-week traditional mat Pilates training- program effects on adult fitness characteristics. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2009;80(3):569–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2009.10599595 . Sekendiz B, Altun O, Korkusuz F, Akın S. Effects of Pilates exercise on trunk strength, endurance and flexibility in sedentary adult females. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2007;11(4):318–26. Martins FM, DA Silva EG, Souza MA, Vieira ER, DA Silva RA, Barbosa AC, et al. Eight-week equipment-based Pilates exercises positively affects quality of life, and functional capacity in non-active adult women: a randomized controlled trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021;61(3):435–43. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11327-6 . Lemos AQ, Brasil CA, Valverde D, Ferreira JDS, Lordêlo P, Sá KN, et al. The pilates method in the function of pelvic floor muscles: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2019;23(2):270–7. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.07.002 . Rimmer JH, Thirumalai M, Young HJ, Pekmezi D, Tracy T, Riser E, et al. Rationale and design of the tele-exercise and multiple sclerosis (TEAMS) study: A comparative effectiveness trial between a clinic- and home-based telerehabilitation intervention for adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) living in the deep South. Contemp Clin Trials. 2018;71:186–93. doi: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.05.016 . Waldhelm A, Li L. Endurance tests are the most reliable core stability related measurements. J Sport Health Sci. 2012;1(2):121–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2012.07.007 . Beck AT. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4(6):561–71. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004 . Ulusoy M, Sahin N, Erkman H. Turkish Version of the Beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J Cognit Psychother: Int Quat. 1998;12:28–35. Ware JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Conceptual Framework and Item Selection. Med. 1992;30:473–83. Kocyigit H, Aydemir O, Fisek G, Olmez N, Memis A. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the short form-36. Drug Ther J. 1999;12:102–6. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988. Campos RR, Dias JM, Pereira LM, Obara K, Barreto SM, Silva FM, et al. Effect of the Pilates method on physical conditioning of healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2016;56(7–8):864–73. Cruz-Ferreira A, Fernandes J, Laranjo L, Bernardo LM, Silva A. A systematic review of the effects of pilates method of exercise in healthy people. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(12):2071–81. doi: 10.1016/j.apmr.2011.06.018 . Behm DG, Drinkwater EJ, Willardson JM, Cowley PM. The use of instability to train the core musculature. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010;35(1):91–108. doi: 10.1139/H09-127 . Moreno MA, Catai AM, Teodori RM, Borges BL, Cesar Mde C, Silva Ed, et al. Effect of a muscle stretching program using the Global Postural Reeducation method on respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility of sedentary young males. J Bras Pneumol. 2007;33(6):679–86. doi: 10.1590/s1806-37132007000600011 . Castagnoli C, Cecchi F, Del Canto A, Paperini A, Boni R, Pasquini G, et al. Effects in Short and Long Term of Global Postural Reeducation (GPR) on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Controlled Study with One-Year Follow-Up. Sci. 2015;2015:271436. doi: 10.1155/2015/271436 . Critchley DJ, Pierson Z, Battersby G. Effect of pilates mat exercises and conventional exercise programmes on transversus abdominis and obliquus internus abdominis activity: pilot randomised trial. Man Ther. 2011;16(2):183–9. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2010.10.007 . Fleming KM, Herring MP. The effects of pilates on mental health outcomes: A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 2018;37:80–95. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.02.003 . Hassan EAH, Amin MA. Pilates exercises influence on the serotonin hormone, some physical variables and the depression degree in battered women. WJSS. 2011;5(2):9–100. Soori S, Heirani A, Rafie F. Effects of the aerobic and Pilates exercises on mental health in inactive older women. J Women Aging. 2021;1–9. https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2021.1924576 . Campos de Oliveira L, Gonçalves de Oliveira R, Pires-Oliveira DA de. A. Effects of Pilates on muscle strength, postural balance and quality of life of older adults: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27:871–6. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.871 . Karaman A, Yuksel I, Kinikli GI, Caglar O. Do Pilates-based exercises following total knee arthroplasty improve postural control and quality of life? Physiother Theory Pract. 2017;33:289–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2017.1289578 . Kucukcakir N, Altan L, Korkmaz N. Effects of Pilates exercises on pain, functional status and quality of life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2013;17:204–11. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.07.003 . Denham-Jones L, Gaskell L, Spence N, Pigott T. A systematic review of the effectiveness of Pilates on pain, disability, physical function, and quality of life in older adults with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Musculoskelet Care. 2022;20(1):10–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1563 . Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 02 Feb, 2023 Read the published version in BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation → Version 1 posted Editorial decision: Major revision 20 Dec, 2022 Reviews received at journal 19 Dec, 2022 Reviewers agreed at journal 07 Dec, 2022 Reviews received at journal 01 Dec, 2022 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Nov, 2022 Reviewers agreed at journal 28 Nov, 2022 Reviewers invited by journal 27 Nov, 2022 Editor assigned by journal 25 Nov, 2022 Editor invited by journal 28 Sep, 2022 Submission checks completed at journal 28 Sep, 2022 First submitted to journal 10 Sep, 2022 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-2051474","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":140406153,"identity":"fb1d1c71-0d64-4088-8e48-7ef74e09e939","order_by":0,"name":"Halil Ibrahim BULGUROGLU","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA50lEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBAC9gYGhsNAOoGNgfkYWISNnYAWngPMMC1saUAKqIWZCC0gNUC1PGZgioGgFv7zBw8X7rHL4xM78+3Bxx/b5PmYGRg/fMzBowXorMMzniUXs0nnbjeckXDbsA1oreTMbbi12DM2MxwGui6xTTp3mzRPwm1GoBY2Zl48WniYmUFa6oFacp6BtNgT1sIG1nIYpIUNpCWRsBYeZoPDMw4cB2pJM5OckXY7uY2ZsRmvX3j4Dz7+XHCgOnH+7ORnEh9sbtvOb28++OEjHi3YAGMDaepHwSgYBaNgFGAAACYiSuw6R+boAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara Medipol University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Halil","middleName":"Ibrahim","lastName":"BULGUROGLU","suffix":""},{"id":140406154,"identity":"f8aea5cf-ebee-4ccf-a5ae-138139e8a418","order_by":1,"name":"Merve BULGUROGLU","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Ankara Medipol University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Merve","middleName":"","lastName":"BULGUROGLU","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2022-09-10 11:29:18","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2051474/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2051474/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00625-3","type":"published","date":"2023-02-02T18:41:38+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":27216014,"identity":"52324a04-58e8-434b-a9c5-e17f6e06c650","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2022-09-30 22:32:25","extension":"png","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":30572,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eCONSORT flowchart showing participation in the study.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"1.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2051474/v1/cdaa5cb4d90aba549b591e70.png"},{"id":44718675,"identity":"c58b180f-a151-4b28-8bf0-bc566a7f52fc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2023-10-16 18:48:00","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":454778,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-2051474/v1/c2b0464d-460d-45dc-afb3-01aef6328ad0.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"The Effects of Online Pilates and Face-To-Face Pilates in Healthy Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Study","fulltext":[{"header":"Background","content":"\u003cp\u003eTelerehabilitation; is a developing method that reduces service barriers such as time, cost, and distance, eliminates the financial burden, provides savings, and brings individuals and healthcare professionals together in a virtual environment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIt has been shown in the literature that the tele-exercise services provided as part of telerehabilitation services, which became widespread during the Covid \u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;19 pandemic process, have beneficial effects in increasing the decreasing physical activity and reducing the emerging problems [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe pandemic process we have been through has provided us health professionals with the opportunity to spread online methods. One of the most important and easy ways to gain healthy habits and keep all the body's systems, but perhaps the most important one, the immune system, is to exercise. In addition, considering these effects in the post-pandemic period, it is thought that online methods can continue to be used [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e]. Another exercise method used as tele-exercise in the literature is Pilates [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e]. Developed by Joseph Pilates in the 1900s, pilates is an increasingly common exercise method that increases the strength, endurance, and flexibility of the trunk stabilizer muscles. The method focuses heavily on mind-body integrity [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudies on Pilates in the literature show that face-to-face Pilates training positively affects core muscle endurance, mental health, and quality of life in healthy individuals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSeveral recent studies have examined the effects of online pilates training and have been shown to affect core endurance and quality of life [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e]. In the results of these studies, it was emphasized that online pilates training is applicable; On the other hand, it was stated that online training should be compared with whether it is as practical as face-to-face pilates training.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTherefore, we thought there was a need for randomized controlled studies investigating the effects of online and face-to-face pilates in healthy individuals. We planned a randomized controlled study that examined the effects of online pilates and face-to-face pilates methods. Our study aims to analyze and compare the effects of online pilates and face-to-face pilates methods on core muscle endurance, depression, and quality of life in healthy individuals.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eParticipants\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe conducted the study at Ankara Medipol University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation. Before starting the study, ethical approval was obtained from Ankara Medipol University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee with the decision dated 24.12.2021 and numbered 65.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e All methods were performed following the relevant CONSORT 2010 guidelines and regulations (Clinical Trials.gov Number NCT05309486, First Registration 04/04/2022) and were conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSixty-four healthy volunteers aged 25\u0026ndash;40 were included in the study. The exclusion criteria for this study were: any cardiovascular, orthopedic, visual, hearing, and perception problems that may affect the research results and participation in other exercises or physiotherapy programs during the past six months.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec4\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eProcedures\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eEvaluations at the beginning of the study and after eight weeks of training; were performed by an experienced physiotherapist blinded to randomization. The group they belonged to was not disclosed to the participants until the end of the baseline assessment. We used a simple method (Microsoft Excel 2016) for randomization. After the initial evaluation, individuals were randomly assigned to OPG, FPG, or CG, unaware of the person performing the statistical analysis. We completed Pilates exercises under the supervision of a certified experience physiotherapist in both pilates groups. We asked individuals not to inform the evaluator in which group they were in the final evaluation. Before the study, we explained the purpose and content of the study to the participants and obtained written informed consent for participation from all participants.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec5\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eIntervention\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnline pilates and face-to-face pilates training, which lasted three days a week, 1 hour for eight weeks, was carried out by Australian Pilates and Physiotherapy Institute certified and experienced Ph.D. Physiotherapist Halil Ibrahim Bulguroglu. While the Microsoft Teams program was used to apply the online pilates method, face-to-face pilates training was held at Ankara Medipol University. To perform the exercises more effectively and efficiently, we divided the individuals in both pilates groups into small groups. Pilates practitioners typically perform a simple series of low-intensity, repetitive exercises involving the trunk, hip, thigh, and arm movements to increase endurance [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e]. The same exercises were applied in both pilates groups, including hundreds,single leg circles, shoulder bridge, single leg stretch, clam, sidekick, side leg lifts, arms opening, breaststroke preparations, swan, swimming, and the roll-up. In both groups, exercises were performed as 15 minutes of warm-up, 30 minutes of pilates, and 15 minutes of cooling and stretching exercises. For both groups, the basic elements of the first session of pilates; breathing, focus, rib cage position, shoulder position, and head and neck positions were taught, and Individuals were asked to maintain the smoothness of these key elements throughout the exercises. Different imagery techniques were used in the exercises, and the exercises were combined with breathing exercises. Subjects in both pilates groups were informed about side effects such as shortness of breath, dizziness, headache, muscle pain, and weakness. They were asked to stop exercising when they experienced any of these side effects. Subjects in the control group were asked to follow a home program of relaxation and breathing exercises three times a week for eight weeks.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec6\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eOutcome measurements\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eParticipants included in the study were evaluated with data collection forms filled twice, before and after the training programs. We recorded the participants' demographic information (age, body weight, height, body mass index).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe evaluated core muscle endurance with the Side Bridge test, Modified Biering-Sorensen test, Trunk Flexion test, and Prone Bridge test [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e]. Measurements that ended after 30 seconds or when subjects changed their test positions were recorded with a stopwatch as seconds. In the side bridge test, the subjects were asked to form a straight line by lifting their body off the ground on their right forearm and feet. It was repeated on the other side.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the modified Biering-Sorensen test, while an assistant supported the individual's pelvis on a workout bench, the individual was asked to raise the upper body hanging from the workout bench to the level of the bench. In the trunk flexion test, subjects were held with their backs angled 60\u0026deg; from the ground. In the prone bridge test, subjects were asked to keep their bodies straight, with their feet hip-width apart, toes, and elbows.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe evaluated depression with Beck Depression Scale (BDI) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e]. The score range in BDI, a 21-item self-evaluation type scale, is 0\u0026ndash;63. The Turkish version of the Beck Depression Scale was used in our study [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe evaluated Quality of Life with Short Form-36 (SF-36) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e]. SF-36; consists of 36 items to measure eight dimensions: physical, mental, and general health. In the subscales evaluated between 0 and 100, a high score indicates a good quality of life. Our study used the Turkish version of the Short Form-36 [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 26 (SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA). The normal distribution of variables was determined using histograms, probability plots, and the Shapiro-Wilk test. Because of the abnormal distribution, the median and interquartile range (IQR) were used for all analyses. The Wilcoxon Test was used to compare baseline values within the group and values after eight weeks. The gain in OPG and FPG was compared with the Mann-Whitney U Test. The level of significance for all analyzes was taken as p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05. Effect sizes results, evaluated within pre-post differences according to Cohen's d standards, were interpreted as small (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;0.2), moderate (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;0.5) or large (\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;0.8) [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR16\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e16\u003c/span\u003e]\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cp\u003eWithin the scope of the study, we invited 64 healthy participants for evaluation. Three participants were excluded: those who withdrew at their request. The remaining sixty-one participants were allocated to three subgroups using a simple randomization method. The first group included 21 participants who received online pilates exercises; the second group had 20 participants who received face-to-face pilates exercises, and the third group, as a control group, including 20 participants. One participant in the first group and two in the second group left the study for personal reasons. Consequently, 20 subjects from OPG, 18 from APG, and 20 from CG completed the study. Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows the CONSORT flow diagram showing the participants in the study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eIn the post hoc power analysis for the study, the effect size calculated considering the depression values was 1.076. The power of the study was calculated as 0.84 when 20 subjects were included in OPG and 18 subjects in FPG.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe patients\u0026rsquo; demographic characteristics can be seen in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic characteristics of the groups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"4\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnline Pilates Group\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFace-to-Face Pilates Group\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl Group\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003en\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge (years)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 (25\u0026ndash;31)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 (26\u0026ndash;33)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27 (24\u0026ndash;32)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHeight (cm)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e171 (155\u0026ndash;179)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e170 (154\u0026ndash;178)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e168 (156\u0026ndash;176)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWeight (kg)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e71 (53\u0026ndash;95)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72 (55\u0026ndash;94)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e73 (55\u0026ndash;94)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBMI-1 (kg/ cm\u0026sup2;)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.34 (19.93\u0026ndash;32.78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23.14 (18.79\u0026ndash;29.85)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.76 (17.61\u0026ndash;26.75)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBMI-2 (kg/ cm\u0026sup2;)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.94 (18.33\u0026ndash;33.25)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.58 (19.24\u0026ndash;30.13)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22.33 (18.17\u0026ndash;29.73)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"4\"\u003eData are presented as Median (IQR). cm: centimeters, kg: kilograms, BMI: body mass index.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA statistically significant improvement was observed in the online and face-to-face pilates groups when Core muscle endurance measurements were compared before and after pilates (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). In addition, we found a significant decrease in Beck Depression Scale scores in both pilates groups (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e). After the control group home program, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in the core endurance measurements and Beck Depression Scale scores (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA comparison of the previous and subsequent measurement of core endurance and depression parameters for groups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSize\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCORE ENDURANCE\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide bridge (s) R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14.0 (5.2\u0026ndash;48.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.15 (11.6\u0026ndash;58.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.002*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.23 (3.6\u0026ndash;34.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.54 (10.53\u0026ndash;49.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.001*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11.18 (4.6\u0026ndash;29.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.75 (4.53\u0026ndash;30.23)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.421\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide bridge (s) L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.0 (6.6\u0026ndash;22.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.48 (8.17\u0026ndash;42.3)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.021*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.85 (5.54\u0026ndash;19.32)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24.13 (5.27\u0026ndash;39.23)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.025*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.27 (2.8\u0026ndash;24.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.67 (4.91\u0026ndash;29.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.324\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModified Biering-Sorensen (s)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28.84 (2.83\u0026ndash;57.36)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.6 (34.56\u0026ndash;72.71)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.025*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.71 (5.17\u0026ndash;49.89)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.12 (32.31\u0026ndash;85.78)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.071*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.87\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.63 (7.13\u0026ndash;44.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26.79 (80.51\u0026ndash;39.7)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.128\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrunk flexion (s)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.32 (0\u0026ndash;10.25)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25.84 (5.80\u0026ndash;40.25)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.007*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.94\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.19 (0\u0026ndash;9.65)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.84 (5.80\u0026ndash;40.25)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.036*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.13 (3.6\u0026ndash;11.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.71 (3.13\u0026ndash;19.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.622\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProne bridge (s)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.29 (8.08\u0026ndash;26.65)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38.41 (9.89\u0026ndash;47.94)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.005*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21.59 (9.98\u0026ndash;32.65)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32.54 (12.74\u0026ndash;57.92)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.005*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18.54 (11.6\u0026ndash;28.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19.54 (10.33\u0026ndash;27.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.421\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"7\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDepression\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eBeck Depression\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eScale (0\u0026ndash;63)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.85 (6\u0026ndash;21)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.65 (3\u0026ndash;14)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.074*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.84\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.60 (5\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.85 (3\u0026ndash;12)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.064*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12.45 (5\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13.50 (6\u0026ndash;20)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.327\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"7\"\u003eData are presented as median (IQR). *p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 OPG: Online pilates group; FPG: Face-to-face pilates group, CG: Control group\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eStatistically significant improvements were observed in individuals' quality of life test scores in the online and face-to-face pilates groups after pilates (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e). In the control group, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference in the quality of Life test scores (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eA comparison of the previous and subsequent measurement of quality of life parameters for groups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"8\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBefore\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedian (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEffect size\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"8\" nameend=\"c8\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShort Form-36 (0-100)\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical functioning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (75\u0026ndash;95)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (70\u0026ndash;95)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.024*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (75\u0026ndash;95)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (70\u0026ndash;95)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.044*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (75\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (75\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.241\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole limitations (physical problems)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (50\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95 (75\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.04*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e85 (75\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e95 (75\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.038*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (33.3\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (60\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.542\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole limitations (emotional problems)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (33.3\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100 (66.6\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.03*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (66.6\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e100 (66.6\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.041*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (33.3\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (33.3\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.754\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVitality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (50\u0026ndash;65)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (60\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.015*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (50\u0026ndash;65)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (60\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.017*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (60\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (50\u0026ndash;65)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.523\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMental health\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e76 (64\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (72\u0026ndash;90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.035*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (76\u0026ndash;84)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e84 (72\u0026ndash;90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.076*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (76\u0026ndash;84)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (76\u0026ndash;84)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.259\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial functioning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75 (50\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87.5 (75\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.024*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75 (75\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e87.5 (75\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.054*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (76\u0026ndash;84)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e75 (75\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.752\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.5 (45\u0026ndash;90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (75\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.016*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e77.5 (52.5\u0026ndash;90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90 (75\u0026ndash;100)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.024*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (50\u0026ndash;65)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60 (50\u0026ndash;65)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.711\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"2\" rowspan=\"3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral health perception\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (55\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (70\u0026ndash;90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.018*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eFPG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65 (45\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e80 (70\u0026ndash;90)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.011*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCG\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e72 (64\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e70 (55\u0026ndash;80)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.283\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"8\"\u003eData are presented as median (IQR). *p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 OPG: Online pilates group; FPG: Face-to-face pilates group.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen the number of improvements in core muscle endurance measurements between both pilates groups was compared, it was observed that the development in the Modified Biering Sorensen was higher in the face-to-face pilates group (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). The development achieved in the side bridge, trunk flexion, and prone bridge was similar in both groups (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e). There was no difference in the amount of change in depression levels and quality of life scores in the pilates groups (p\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of change between pilates groups in the core endurance, depression and quality of life\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"6\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnline Pilates Group\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eΔ Median (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFace-to-face Pilates Group\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eΔ Median (IQR)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ep\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eCore endurance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide bridge (s) R\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.13 (0.77\u0026ndash;41.24)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.11 (0.14\u0026ndash;15.87)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.507\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSide bridge (s) L\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.51 (1.23\u0026ndash;28.64)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.64 (0.19\u0026ndash;28.09)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0,114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eModified Biering-Sorensen (s)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e27.3 (5.5\u0026ndash;38.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e34.9 (12.6\u0026ndash;47.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e0.015*\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTrunk flexion (s)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.9 (0\u0026ndash;7.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.6 (0.5\u0026ndash;8.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.957\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eProne bridge (s)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5.7 (0.8\u0026ndash;27.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.1 (2.8\u0026ndash;13.2)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.231\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eDepression\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeck depression scale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;5 (\u0026ndash;12/\u0026ndash;1.5)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ndash;5 (\u0026ndash;12/0)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.074\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"6\" nameend=\"c6\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eShort Form-36\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePhysical functioning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 (1.4\u0026ndash;8.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 (1.2\u0026ndash;6.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.047\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole limitations (physical problems)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.8 (0.7\u0026ndash;6.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 (0\u0026ndash;5.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.784\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRole limitations (emotional problems)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.3 (2.7\u0026ndash;4.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.5 (1.1\u0026ndash;6.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.125\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVitality\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 (0.9\u0026ndash;5.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.1 (0\u0026ndash;4.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.367\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMental health\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.9 (0\u0026ndash;7.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.7 (0\u0026ndash;6.8)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSocial functioning\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.5 (0.7\u0026ndash;3.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.2 (0\u0026ndash;5.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.218\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePain\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.1 (1.2\u0026ndash;5.9)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.2 (0.5\u0026ndash;6.1)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.467\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGeneral health perception\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c3\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.7 (0\u0026ndash;4.6)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c5\" namest=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.9 (0\u0026ndash;7.4)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.874\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003ctfoot\u003e \u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd colspan=\"6\"\u003eData are presented as median (IQR). *p\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05, R: Right, L: Left.\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tfoot\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e "},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eThis study answered, \"Is there a difference between core muscle endurance, depression, and quality of life development due to online and face-to-face pilates training in healthy individuals?\". We found that online pilates and face-to-face pilates training improved all these parameters, and online pilates exercises were at least as practical as face-to-face pilates training.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study found that the core muscle endurance of healthy individuals increased in both online and face-to-face pilates groups. Although one study in the literature shows the effect of online pilates training on core muscle endurance in healthy individuals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e], many studies show that face-to-face pilates exercise improves core muscle endurance in healthy individuals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e, \u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eKeklik et al., In a study completed with 33 healthy participants, stated that 6-week online pilates training improved all core muscle endurance tests.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA systematic review included nine randomized controlled studies discussing the effect of face-to-face pilates exercises on healthy individuals. It was concluded that pilates exercises performed two or three times a week for 5\u0026ndash;12 weeks increased core muscle endurance [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e]. Another systematic review included 16 randomized controlled trials and concluded that Pilates training provides moderate evidence for improving muscular endurance in healthy individuals [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe endurance of the core muscles is significant in the successful performance of daily life activities and the continuation of healthy life [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e]. Pilates, which provides core muscle training in three planes, focuses on trunk stabilization [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR21\" citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe think the increase in core endurance with pilates is related to the increase in the transversus abdominis muscle activity, which is the primary muscle of the \"core\" region and which we activate with the centering principle of pilates.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen we compared the gain obtained with pilates training in both pilates groups, it was observed that there was a statistically significant increase in favor of face-to-face pilates training in the Modified Biering-Sorensen test. However, no difference was found in other parameters. We think the more improvement in the face-to-face pilates training group, the closer the instructor is to the participant, although the basic principle is the same, making the person feel safe. In light of the results of our study, it was concluded that both pilates training could be used to develop core muscle endurance. Moreover, face-to-face pilates training may be more effective than online pilates training.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study observed that depression levels decreased in the eight weeks of pilates training.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlthough our study is the first to show the effect of online pilates training on depression levels in healthy individuals, many studies show that pilates exercise reduces depression levels in healthy individuals [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR24\" citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eA systematic review that included eight randomized controlled trials said the available evidence is that pilates training effectively promotes mental health [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR23\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e23\u003c/span\u003e]. Hassan and Amin stated in their study that the increase in serotonin levels with pilates exercises could help in reducing the symptoms associated with depressive symptoms and pessimistic attitudes [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e]. Another study stated that pilates focused on breathing exercises, positively affecting emotional states such as depression in the elderly [\u003cspan citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e].\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe results of all these studies are similar to our results. In our study, with both pilates training, thanks to principles such as concentration, breathing, and integrated isolation, we saw that participants' self-perceptions improved and their self-confidence increased. We think that these effects of both pilates training reduce the depression levels of participants. While the current pandemic caused people to stay away from physical activity and social participation, it also caused depression levels to increase. We think that being in contact with other participants and not feeling lonely with pilates training is also effective in reducing depression levels. In addition, regular exercise during the pandemic process may have made the participant feel safer and more robust and positively affected depression levels.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen we compared the gains in depression levels in online pilates training and face-to-face pilates training groups, it was seen that the gains in both groups were similar. This result shows us that both methods can improve depression levels in healthy individuals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study improved the participants' quality of life in both pilates groups.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo studies in the literature show the effects of online pilates training on the quality of life in healthy individuals. However, it has been stated in previous studies that pilates training improves the quality of life in healthy individuals [\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR27 CR28\" citationid=\"CR26\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e26\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR29\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e29\u003c/span\u003e]. Studies have shown that pilates training improves the quality of life in healthy individuals and individuals with any pathology.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSimilar to other studies showing improvement in our study, an increase in the quality of life of individuals in both pilates groups was observed. We think that this increase makes significant contributions to the lives of individuals. Although we think these developments are closely related to the development in the level of depression, we think that the physiological benefits of exercise and the individual's self-confidence by exercising may also be effective in this result.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWhen the groups' improvements in the quality of life after pilates training were compared, no significant difference was found. We think that both pilates training methods can be used to improve the physical and mental quality of life of individuals.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the study, we had the chance to observe the advantages and disadvantages of both pilates methods. The face-to-face pilates method is a method that allows people to observe more closely and correct movement with tactile feedback when necessary. Also, the person and the trainer are closer to exercise development. Thus, further development can be achieved in the face-to-face pilates method, thanks to the trainer's assistance. However, the face-to-face pilates method is a more expensive practice and has disadvantages such as place and time.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, the online pilates method is a method that eliminates problems such as place and time and even eliminates the need to be in the same city. Thus, it becomes easier for trainers to reach individuals. It allows individuals to do exercises in their environment. However, it is necessary to be careful, especially in exercises where tactile stimulation is required and in the development of the exercises.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOne of the strengths of our study is that it is a randomized controlled evaluator blinded study. In addition, another strength of our work is that the exercises are done regularly and in small groups in both groups, in a specific discipline, at the same time every week, in company with a physiotherapist. The fact that both groups received pilates training by the same person may be a limitation of our study.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eThe pandemic process allows us to increase individuals' physical activity and give them healthy habits. In this study, it has been shown that online pilates training is as practical as face-to-face pilates training, is easy to apply, and can be used after the pandemic process.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eAs a result, similar benefits were seen in healthy people in both pilates methods. While deciding which of these training may be more suitable for individuals, the individual's preferences and possibilities should be considered. We think that our study offers physiotherapists an online pilates training method that can be used during and after the pandemic, at least as effective as face-to-face pilates, easy to apply, and an exercise method that individuals can continue throughout their lives.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Abbreviations","content":"\u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionList\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eBDI\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBeck depression Scale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eBMI\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBody mass index\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCG\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eCM\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCentimeters\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eFPG\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFace-to-face pilates group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eIQR\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eInterquartile range\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eKG\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eKilograms\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eL\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eLeft\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eOPG\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOnline pilates group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eR\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRight\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"DefinitionListEntry\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Term\"\u003eSF-36\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"Description\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShort form-36.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics approval and consent to participate\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe protocol of the study was approved by the Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee of Ankara Medipol University (dated 24.12.2021, numbered 65)\u0026nbsp;in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration. Written consent was obtained from participants.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAvailability of data and materials\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe datasets generated during and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to confidential information about the participants but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request at [[email protected]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCompeting interests\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors declare that they have no competing interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFunding\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe author reported no funding associated with the work featured in this article.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthors\u0026apos; contributions\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eH.I.B. creating the idea of the study, reaching the individuals who will participate in the study, making the individuals do exercises within the scope of the study, organizing the study method, entering the data into the system and bringing it to the literature. M.B. organizing the study method, creation of evaluation forms, making the necessary evaluations of the individuals for the study, analyzing the data, and bringing them to the literature. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.\u003cstrong\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNone\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFiani B, Siddiqi I, Lee SC, Dhillon L. Telerehabilitation. Development, Application, and Need for Increased Usage in the COVID-19 Era for Patients with Spinal Pathology. Cureus. 2020;12(9):e10563. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.7759/cureus.10563\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.7759/cureus.10563\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRodr\u0026iacute;guez-Blanco C, Bernal-Utrera C, Anarte-Lazo E, Saavedra-Hernandez M, De-La-Barrera-Aranda E, Serrera-Figallo M, et al. A Breathing exercises versus strength exercises through telerehabilitation in coronavirus disease 2019 patients in the acute phase: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil. 2022;36(4):486\u0026ndash;97. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177/02692155211061221\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1177/02692155211061221\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eNewbold JW, Rudnicka A, Cox A. Staying Active While Staying Home: The Use of Physical Activity Technologies During Life Disruptions. Front Digit Health. 2021;3:753115. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.3389/fdgth.2021.753115\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3389/fdgth.2021.753115\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGava V, Ribeiro LP, Barreto RPG, Camargo PR. Effectiveness of physical therapy given by telerehabilitation on pain and disability of individuals with shoulder pain: A systematic review. Clin Rehabil. 2022;36(6):715\u0026ndash;25. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1177/02692155221083496\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1177/02692155221083496\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSuner-Keklik S, Numanoglu-Akbas A, Cobanoglu G, Kafa N, Guzel NA. An online pilates exercise program is effective on proprioception and core muscle endurance in a randomized controlled trial. Ir J Med Sci. 2021;1\u0026ndash;7. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1007/s11845-021-02840-8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s11845-021-02840-8\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKloubec JA. Pilates for improvement of muscle endurance, flexibility, balance and posture. J Strength Cond Res. 2010;24(3):661\u0026ndash;7. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c277a6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c277a6\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRogers K, Gibson AL. Eight-week traditional mat Pilates training- program effects on adult fitness characteristics. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2009;80(3):569\u0026ndash;74. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2009.10599595\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1080/02701367.2009.10599595\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSekendiz B, Altun O, Korkusuz F, Akın S. Effects of Pilates exercise on trunk strength, endurance and flexibility in sedentary adult females. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2007;11(4):318\u0026ndash;26.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMartins FM, DA Silva EG, Souza MA, Vieira ER, DA Silva RA, Barbosa AC, et al. Eight-week equipment-based Pilates exercises positively affects quality of life, and functional capacity in non-active adult women: a randomized controlled trial. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2021;61(3):435\u0026ndash;43. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11327-6\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.23736/S0022-4707.20.11327-6\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLemos AQ, Brasil CA, Valverde D, Ferreira JDS, Lord\u0026ecirc;lo P, S\u0026aacute; KN, et al. The pilates method in the function of pelvic floor muscles: Systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2019;23(2):270\u0026ndash;7. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.07.002\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.jbmt.2018.07.002\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eRimmer JH, Thirumalai M, Young HJ, Pekmezi D, Tracy T, Riser E, et al. Rationale and design of the tele-exercise and multiple sclerosis (TEAMS) study: A comparative effectiveness trial between a clinic- and home-based telerehabilitation intervention for adults with multiple sclerosis (MS) living in the deep South. Contemp Clin Trials. 2018;71:186\u0026ndash;93. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.cct.2018.05.016\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.cct.2018.05.016\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWaldhelm A, Li L. Endurance tests are the most reliable core stability related measurements. J Sport Health Sci. 2012;1(2):121\u0026ndash;8. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2012.07.007\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.jshs.2012.07.007\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBeck AT. An inventory for measuring depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1961;4(6):561\u0026ndash;71. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1001/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUlusoy M, Sahin N, Erkman H. Turkish Version of the Beck anxiety inventory: psychometric properties. J Cognit Psychother: Int Quat. 1998;12:28\u0026ndash;35.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWare JE, Sherbourne CD. The MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) Conceptual Framework and Item Selection. Med. 1992;30:473\u0026ndash;83.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKocyigit H, Aydemir O, Fisek G, Olmez N, Memis A. The validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the short form-36. Drug Ther J. 1999;12:102\u0026ndash;6.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. 2nd ed. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates; 1988.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCampos RR, Dias JM, Pereira LM, Obara K, Barreto SM, Silva FM, et al. Effect of the Pilates method on physical conditioning of healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2016;56(7\u0026ndash;8):864\u0026ndash;73.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCruz-Ferreira A, Fernandes J, Laranjo L, Bernardo LM, Silva A. A systematic review of the effects of pilates method of exercise in healthy people. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2011;92(12):2071\u0026ndash;81. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.apmr.2011.06.018\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.apmr.2011.06.018\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBehm DG, Drinkwater EJ, Willardson JM, Cowley PM. The use of instability to train the core musculature. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2010;35(1):91\u0026ndash;108. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1139/H09-127\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1139/H09-127\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMoreno MA, Catai AM, Teodori RM, Borges BL, Cesar Mde C, Silva Ed, et al. Effect of a muscle stretching program using the Global Postural Reeducation method on respiratory muscle strength and thoracoabdominal mobility of sedentary young males. J Bras Pneumol. 2007;33(6):679\u0026ndash;86. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1590/s1806-37132007000600011\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1590/s1806-37132007000600011\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCastagnoli C, Cecchi F, Del Canto A, Paperini A, Boni R, Pasquini G, et al. Effects in Short and Long Term of Global Postural Reeducation (GPR) on Chronic Low Back Pain: A Controlled Study with One-Year Follow-Up. Sci. 2015;2015:271436. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1155/2015/271436\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1155/2015/271436\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCritchley DJ, Pierson Z, Battersby G. Effect of pilates mat exercises and conventional exercise programmes on transversus abdominis and obliquus internus abdominis activity: pilot randomised trial. Man Ther. 2011;16(2):183\u0026ndash;9. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.math.2010.10.007\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.math.2010.10.007\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFleming KM, Herring MP. The effects of pilates on mental health outcomes: A meta-analysis of controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 2018;37:80\u0026ndash;95. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.ctim.2018.02.003\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.ctim.2018.02.003\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHassan EAH, Amin MA. Pilates exercises influence on the serotonin hormone, some physical variables and the depression degree in battered women. WJSS. 2011;5(2):9\u0026ndash;100.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSoori S, Heirani A, Rafie F. Effects of the aerobic and Pilates exercises on mental health in inactive older women. J Women Aging. 2021;1\u0026ndash;9. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2021.1924576\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1080/08952841.2021.1924576\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCampos de Oliveira L, Gon\u0026ccedil;alves de Oliveira R, Pires-Oliveira DA de. A. Effects of Pilates on muscle strength, postural balance and quality of life of older adults: a randomized, controlled, clinical trial. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27:871\u0026ndash;6. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1589/jpts.27.871\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1589/jpts.27.871\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKaraman A, Yuksel I, Kinikli GI, Caglar O. Do Pilates-based exercises following total knee arthroplasty improve postural control and quality of life? Physiother Theory Pract. 2017;33:289\u0026ndash;95. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1080/09593985.2017.1289578\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1080/09593985.2017.1289578\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKucukcakir N, Altan L, Korkmaz N. Effects of Pilates exercises on pain, functional status and quality of life in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2013;17:204\u0026ndash;11. doi:\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.07.003\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.jbmt.2012.07.003\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDenham-Jones L, Gaskell L, Spence N, Pigott T. A systematic review of the effectiveness of Pilates on pain, disability, physical function, and quality of life in older adults with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. Musculoskelet Care. 2022;20(1):10\u0026ndash;30. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://doi.org/10.1002/msc.1563\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1002/msc.1563\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-sports-science-medicine-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ssmr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation](http://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ssmr/default.aspx","title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"COVID-19, Core muscle endurance, Depression, Online exercise, Pilates","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2051474/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2051474/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBackground:\u003c/strong\u003e Along with the covid-19 process, people started to turn to online exercise methods. One of these methods is the pilates method, which increases the endurance of the core muscles. This study aims to analyze and compare the effects of online and face-to-face pilates methods.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMethods:\u003c/strong\u003e Fifty-eight healthy individuals aged 25-40 years were included in the study. Individuals were randomly divided into three groups; online pilates group (OPG), face-to-face pilates group (FPG), and control group (CG). Pilates groups were given pilates exercises in groups of three or four for eight weeks, three days a week, for 1 hour a day, by the physiotherapist. The control group did breathing and relaxation exercises at home. Core muscular endurance, depression, and quality of life were assessed before and after eight weeks of training.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eResults:\u003c/strong\u003e Core muscle endurance, depression, and quality of life improved after pilates in online and face-to-face pilates groups (p\u0026lt;0.05). No change was found in the control group (p \u0026gt; 0.05). When the gains obtained in the pilates groups were compared, it was observed that the improvement in trunk extensor muscle strength was higher in the face-to-face pilates group (p\u0026lt;0.05), and the gains in other parameters were similar (p\u0026gt;0.05).\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConclusions:\u003c/strong\u003e As a result, healthy individuals have seen similar benefits in online and face-to-face pilates. Both methods are significant for gaining healthy habits and increasing physical activity in healthy individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eTrial registration:\u003c/em\u003e Retrospectively registered. NCT05309486, Registration date: 04/04/2022.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eURL:\u003ca href=\"https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05309486?term=BULGUROGLU\u0026amp;draw=2\u0026amp;rank=1\"\u003ehttps://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05309486?term=BULGUROGLU\u0026amp;draw=2\u0026amp;rank=1\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"The Effects of Online Pilates and Face-To-Face Pilates in Healthy Individuals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Randomized Controlled Study","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2022-09-30 22:32:23","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-2051474/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"decision","content":"Major revision","date":"2022-12-20T12:32:49+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2022-12-19T14:42:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"4ea2e680-0a14-42be-9615-e925ea22eb9b","date":"2022-12-07T14:28:23+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2022-12-01T09:57:44+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"22ae8f1a-51d7-46fd-9d8a-80f59c7eb0eb","date":"2022-11-28T10:38:18+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"2600b5a9-000e-4a0d-b529-50d199502ced","date":"2022-11-28T07:52:05+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2022-11-27T19:43:40+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2022-11-25T19:35:54+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2022-09-28T20:57:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2022-09-28T20:55:07+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","date":"2022-09-10T11:22:27+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-sports-science-medicine-and-rehabilitation","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"ssmr","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation](http://bmcsportsscimedrehabil.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/ssmr/default.aspx","title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation","twitterHandle":"BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"1d81313c-ca5d-4a25-9ed8-da6a4d543c43","owner":[],"postedDate":"September 30th, 2022","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2023-10-16T18:46:12+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-2051474","link":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00625-3","journal":{"identity":"bmc-sports-science-medicine-and-rehabilitation","isVorOnly":false,"title":"BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation"},"publishedOn":"2023-02-02 18:41:38","publishedOnDateReadable":"February 2nd, 2023"},"versionCreatedAt":"2022-09-30 22:32:23","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1186/s13102-023-00625-3","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-023-00625-3","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-2051474","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-2051474","identity":"rs-2051474","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}