Joint Application of Multiple Inflammatory Cytokines in Development of Heart Failure

Background: Heart failure is a serious heart ailment that affects millions of people globally in terms of their quality of life and general health. In the development and pathophysiology of heart failure, cytokines play a pivotal role. In-depth comprehension of the role cytokines assume in heart failure holds the potential to offer more precise grounds for early diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and prognostic assessments of this cardiac ailment. Purpose This article aimed to explore the correlation between inflammation-related cytokines and heart failure. Methods The study recruited a total of 116 participants who were subsequently divided into a heart failure group (n = 59) and a non-heart failure group (n = 57). Laboratory tests were conducted for various inflammatory markers, and the level of each marker was compared between the heart failure group and the healthy control group (n = 57) matched for age and gender to determine the correlation with heart failure. Compared with patients in the non-heart failure group, significantly higher levels of inflammatory response markers (hs-CRP, ESR) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-17, TNF-α), and decreased levels of albumin, complement C3, and phospholipase A2 were noted in heart failure patients. Results Through logistic regression analysis, it has been elucidated that the cytokines IL-6(OR = 1.269,95% CI:1.049–1.472,P = 0.002), IL-8(OR = 1.071,95% CI:1.012–1.134,P = 0.018), and IL-17(OR = 1.180,95% CI:1.010–1.378,P = 0.037) act as autonomous risk factors in the development of heart failure, while Lp-PLA2(OR = 0.986,95% CI:0.972–0.999,P = 0.036) and albumin(OR = 0.476,95% CI:0.267–0.848,P = 0.012) exhibit a protective role against this condition.According to the analysis of ROC curves: the combined use of multiple cytokines(AUC = 0.9277,95% CI:0.8788–0.9767, P < 0.0001,YI = 0.7779) demonstrates higher efficacy in diagnosing heart failure, yet NTpro-BNP(AUC = 0.9914,95% CI:0.9805-1.000, P < 0.0001,YI = 0.9914) remains the clinical preference. In the context of systemic inflammation, the combined diagnostic approach of multiple cytokines with hsCRP(AUC = 0.9358,95% CI:0.8919–0.9797, P < 0.0001,YI = 0.7942) exhibits greater sensitivity and specificity.