Clinical and histopathological evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age group

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding is a common gynaecological problem in women of reproductive age and may result from functional, structural, endocrine, or endometrial causes. Accurate clinical, radiological, and histopathological evaluation is essential for appropriate diagnosis and management. Aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical presentation and histopathological patterns of abnormal uterine bleeding in women of reproductive age group and to correlate clinical and ultrasonographic findings with histopathological diagnosis. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology among 100 women of reproductive age presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding. Detailed history, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, pelvic ultrasonography, and endometrial sampling were performed. Histopathological findings were analysed and correlated with age and ultrasonographic diagnosis. Results: The maximum number of patients belonged to the 36–40 years age group. Heavy menstrual bleeding was the most common presentation, seen in 42% of cases. Anaemia was present in 52% of patients. Ultrasonography showed fibroid uterus in 24%, thickened endometrium in 14%, and adenomyosis in 12% of cases. Histopathology revealed proliferative endometrium in 37%, secretory endometrium in 22%, disordered proliferative endometrium in 14%, and endometrial hyperplasia in 10% of cases. Significant association was observed between age and histopathology, and between ultrasonography and histopathology. Conclusion: Histopathological evaluation remains essential for accurate diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding, especially in women with persistent bleeding, thickened endometrium, or higher reproductive age.