Music Therapy Effectively Alleviates Public Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Disorders Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic: an online survey and evaluation across China Running title：Psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic across China

Music Therapy Effectively Alleviates Public Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Disorders Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic: an online survey and evaluation across China Running title：Psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic across China | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Music Therapy Effectively Alleviates Public Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Disorders Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic: an online survey and evaluation across China Running title：Psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic across China Jing Jiang, Xiaomei Zhou, Tianfeng Zhao, Zishu Yuan, Zhaohui Shi This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-6548684/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Under Review Version 1 posted 7 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract IMPORTANCE The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about widespread health and even mortality anxiety, exacerbating negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, insomnia. OBJECTIVE To determine whether online emotional assessment supported by musicians, psychological experts, and psychiatrists, as well as music therapy applications, can reduce negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective study collected user data from the “Y-muse” WeChat mini-program across 34 provinces in China from January 31 to February 29, 2020. Eligible respondentss were between 12 and 70 years old, regular access to a smartphone and WeChat, able to understand the contents of the survey and complete the psychological assessment. Data analysis was conducted between March and June 2024. INTERVENTIONS This study included a total of 61753 eligible respondents. Y-muse delivered music to respondents at scheduled times based on their daily scale scores. Respondents who had baseline and subsequent,7 ± 2 days scale scores. The SDS group enrolled 462 respondents (Music therapy: 292 Respondents, Non-music therapy: 170 Respondents). The SAS group enrolled 669 respondents (Music therapy: 501 Respondents, Non-music therapy: 168 Respondents). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was the change in scores on the Zung’s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Zung’s self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) before and after music therapy use. RESULTS The SAS, SDS, and PSQI were completed by 39 529, 54 061 and 2151 respondents, respectively, from 34 provinces, municipalities, or autonomous regions in China. A total of 28.43%, 40.59% and 88.70% of respondents reached the score for anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality, respectively. Anxiety and depression levels significantly correlated with changes in the COVID-19 situation in China, showing decreased SAS and SDS scores as proactive measures were implemented by the government. Music therapy (vs. non-music therapy, p < 0.001 in the SDS and SAS groups) was significantly associated with a reduction in the global score. In the SDS group, there was a significant association between the time period and a reduction in the global score. In the SAS group, time period and age were significantly associated with a reduction in the global score. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Severe psychological stress has emerged in the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking proactive measures to control the pandemic has protective psychological effects on the general population. Group music therapy is beneficial to relieve the extensive psychological stress. COVID-19 pandemic anxiety depression sleep quality music therapy Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Introduction In December 2019, a novel coronavirus was discovered in Wuhan, China, and shortly thereafter, multiple cases of coronavirus infection were reported nationwide 1 and globally 2 . The overall case-fatality rate is 2.3% 3 , and the total mortality rate of COVID-19 outbreak has exceeded that of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) combined 4 . On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern." To prevent disease transmission, the Chinese government has taken drastic measures, including the lock-down of cites, closures of schools and business, and the suspension of public transportation 3 , 5 . Faced with this unexpected crisis, the public has experienced enormous pressure 5 . The challenges the public faces during the COVID-19 outbreak may trigger various mental disorders, including anxiety, depression, insomnia and other stress-related symptoms 6 – 8 . Psychiatric morbidities may be long lasting. The COVID-19 pandemic has become an enormous global health threat, and a thorough understanding of the psychological status of the public and timely intervention are urgently needed 7 . Few online mental health surveys have been conducted 6 , 9 – 11 because human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 hinders traditional face-to-face psychological counseling. The few existing studies have focused mainly on medical staff 6 , 9 , and the sample sizes are quite small 6 , 10 . Previous studies have primarily focused on investigating the psychological status of the population 12 , 13 , without providing proactive intervention measures to the public 14 . Moreover, a simple and feasible means of psychological intervention is warranted, which should be experimentally validated. The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University is a designated treatment hospital for COVID-19 in China. In the early stages of the epidemic, dozens of medical staff were dispatched to Wuhan to participate in relief efforts. The frontline experience quickly made us aware of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on public emotions and psychology. Accordingly, we independently developed a novel mobile-based psychological evaluation and music therapy software on the popular WeChat platform. Launched on January 29, 2019, the software was made available to the general public free of charge through promotion by the Chinese government and media. It effectively captured the negative emotions of people across China during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. In accordance with recommendations from psychological and medical experts, the platform accurately delivered therapeutic music based on users' emotional assessment scores, receiving unanimous praise from users and the media. In this study, we aimed to define the current stress response among the general population in China and explore the effect of music therapy during the pandemic crisis. It also provides a novel, simple, and feasible solution for monitoring, guiding, and treating public emotions during future public health emergencies. Methods Online survey setting Based on the WeChat platform, the most popular social platform in China, we developed software called “Y-muse”, which acts as a mobile psychological hospital. “Epidemic Psychology” and ‘Music Therapy Unit’ are two major modules in this software and were used to conduct remote mobile-based psychological evaluations and music interventions. After the respondents completed the psychological evaluations, online counseling and music therapy were conducted. During the software development process, to prevent unintentional or intentional mistakes such as malicious repeat completion of the questionnaire in a short time, we used unique user credentials supplemented by a questionnaire submission timestamp, selection of the same proportion, questionnaire integrity after deduplication, and comparison of the questionnaire algorithm results. We established a screening data model, judged the intention of submissions, limited the frequency of questionnaire submissions, and automatically identified invalid data to ensure the scientific nature and reliability of the results in the self-report scales. Enrolled subjects A cross-sectional online survey was implemented across China during the middle phase of the COVID-19 pandemic from January 31 to February 29, 2020. This survey was open to all residents living in China. The eligibility criteria for the respondents were as follows: (1) age between 12 and 70 years; (2) able to understand the contents of the survey; (3) regular access to a smartphone and WeChat; and (4) completion of the psychological assessment. We adopted a snowball-sampling strategy to recruit respondents. The survey was disseminated to a large group of people by (1) face-to-face recommendations from psychologists in the hospital; (2) recommendations in the context of psychological hotline consultations; and (3) telephone follow-up and text messaging for active notifications. Electronic informed consent was recorded once the respondents clicked the “Begin survey” button. Expedited ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Our research was in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. Bseides, The subjects under the age of 16 participated in this test after obtaining permission from their parents. Measurements Before recruiting the respondents, we conducted a pilot investigation to ensure that all questions in the survey were clear and meaningful. Respondents were invited to complete a personal information questionnaire (PIQ), which included gender, date of birth, marital status, contact number, geographic region, educational background, occupation, personnel category, health condition and living circumstance. Zung’s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Zung’s self-rating depression scale (SDS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), which have been widely used and validated in the Chinese population, were applied 15 – 17 . The SAS global score was divided into normal ( 70). A global score ≥ 50 indicates psychological anxiety. The SDS global score was divided into normal ( 73). A global score ≥ 53 indicates psychological depression. Sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI, and the global score ranged from 0–21. A score ≥ 5 indicates poor sleep quality. Effect of music therapy All respondents who completed the online survey were encouraged to participate in the subsequent music therapy. The music therapy was conducted through listening and free choice. The respondents were required to select their favorite music independently and to listen to a total of 20 songs every day, or a total of more than 60 minutes throughout the day, for 7 consecutive days. Before and after the music therapy, the respondents completed the SAS, SDS, and PSQI evaluations online. Only the general population was included for statistical analysis, and respondents with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who may have received other psychological interventions were excluded. We randomly selected respondents in the same period as the control group. Statistical analysis Demographic characteristics are described by frequency. All self-rating scale scores are described as the mean ± standard deviation. Comparisons between subgroups were performed using an independent-sample t test or one-way ANOVA. To explore whether the public's psychological scores changed with the progress of the COVID-19 epidemic, we divided the time periods according to the first evaluation time of the respondents and used a one-way ANOVA to compare the differences in scores between different time periods. The remaining demographic characteristics were adjusted for covariates in multiple linear regression analysis by analyzing whether the time period remained a meaningful impact factor. Respondents who had scale scores for the baseline and subsequent 7 ± 2 days were included in the analysis and divided into groups according to whether they received music therapy. We used an independent-sample t test or one-way ANOVA to evaluate the impact of music therapy and demographic characteristics on the improvement of scale scores. Variables with p < 0.05 in the univariate analysis were incorporated into the multiple linear regression analysis. All tests were two sided, and p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data were analyzed using R 3.6.2 ( http://www.r-project.org ). Results Demographic characteristics Figure 1 shows the screening process for eligible respondents. The average age of the final respondents was 30.16 years old (standard deviation [SD]: 9.43, range: 12–70). Among the respondents, the majority were aged 20 to 30 years (41.74%), female (54.34%), single (48.45%), public (Non-patients and Non-Medical staff) (89.92%), had an education level of undergraduate (42.68%), company employees (30.16%), and lived with family or a partner (82.07%) (Table 1 ). The geographic distribution of the respondents is shown in online Supplemental Fig. S1 . Table 1 ༎ Demographic characteristics of respondents Variables Total (n = 61 753) SDS (n = 39 529) SAS (n = 54 061) PSQI(n = 2151) Age, years < 20 6461(10.46%) 4498(11.38%) 5121(9.47%) 568(26.41%) 20–30 25 773(41.74%) 16 996(43.00%) 22 064(40.81%) 759(35.29%) 30–40 19 944(32.30%) 12 283(31.07%) 18 079(33.44%) 525(24.41%) 40–50 7350(11.90%) 4447(11.25%) 6723(12.44%) 187(8.69%) 50–60 1761(2.85%) 1046(2.65%) 1641(3.04%) 90(4.18%) ≥ 60 464(0.75%) 259(0.66%) 433(0.80%) 22(1.02%) Gender Male 28 198(45.66%) 17 821(45.08%) 24 350(45.04%) 1017(47.28%) Female 33 555(54.34%) 21 708(54.92%) 29 711(54.96%) 1134(52.72%) Marital status Divorced or widowed 2118(3.43%) 1337(3.38%) 1823(3.37%) 88(4.09%) Single 29 918(48.45%) 20 033(50.68%) 25 250(46.71%) 1052(48.91%) Married 29 717(48.12%) 18 159(45.94%) 26 988(49.92%) 1011(47.00%) Personnel category Patients 552(0.89%) 388(0.98%) 416(0.77%) 30(1.39%) Public (Non-patients/Medical staff) 55 528(89.92%) 35 264(89.21%) 48 702(90.09%) 1938(90.10%) Medical staff 5673(9.19%) 3877(9.81%) 4943(9.14%) 183(8.51%) Education level Junior high school graduate and below 9993(16.18%) 6394(16.18%) 8541(15.8%) 474(22.04%) Senior high school graduate 4591(7.43%) 2971(7.52%) 3945(7.30%) 223(10.37%) College graduate 14 215(23.02%) 8979(22.71%) 12 490(23.10%) 439(20.41%) Undergraduate 26 359(42.68%) 17029(43.08%) 23 157(42.83%) 788(36.63%) Graduate and above 6595(10.68%) 4156(10.51%) 5928(10.97%) 227(10.55%) Occupation Self-employed 4748(7.69%) 2864(7.25%) 4438(8.21%) 107(4.97%) Company employees 18 624(30.16%) 11 509(29.12%) 16 953(31.36%) 524(24.36%) Teachers 3690(5.98%) 2293(5.80%) 3350(6.20%) 91(4.23%) Others 15 154(24.54%) 9545(24.15%) 13 342(24.68%) 567(26.36%) Students 12 437(20.14%) 8641(21.86%) 10 043(18.58%) 715(33.24%) Medical staff 1311(2.12%) 839(2.12%) 1182(2.19%) 33(1.53%) Government personnel 5789(9.37%) 3838(9.71%) 4753(8.79%) 114(5.3%) Living circumstance Alone 5913(9.58%) 3834(9.70%) 5087(9.41%) 229(10.65%) With family or a partner 50 679(82.07%) 32 093(81.19%) 44 832(82.93%) 1878(87.31%) Shared room 5161(8.36%) 3602(9.11%) 4142(7.66%) 44(2.05%) Geographic region Hubei 2280(3.69%) 1320(3.34%) 1968(3.64%) 101(4.7%) Non-Hubei 59 473(96.31%) 38 209(96.66%) 52 093(96.36%) 2050(95.3%) Time period February 3 and before 24 476(39.64%) 15 202(38.46%) 22 128(40.93%) 353(16.41%) February 4–9 8896(14.41%) 6059(15.33%) 7984(14.77%) 101(4.70%) February 10–15 11 655(18.87%) 6329(16.01%) 9728(17.99%) 21(0.98%) February 16 and after 16 726(27.09%) 11 939(30.20%) 14 221(26.31%) 1676(77.92%) Comparison of stress response between different subgroups The mean global scores of the SAS, SDS and PSQI were 43.37 ± 11.70, 48.91 ± 14.70, and 8.21 ± 3.10, respectively. There were 15 367 (28.43%), 16 044 (40.59%) and 1908 (88.70%) respondents who were screened positive for anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality, respectively, in their first evaluation. Among these respondents, 5438 (10.06%) had experienced moderate to severe anxiety, and 7262 (18.37%) reported moderate to severe depression. As shown in Table 2 , when we compared the psychological distress between different subgroups, the results showed that depression differed across age, marital status, personnel category, education level, occupation, time period (all p < 0.001), living circumstance ( p = 0.015) and geographic region ( p = 0.002). For anxiety, differences were statistically significant in all subgroups except for occupation. As in the PSQI group, there were differences only between age ( p = 0.005), gender ( p < 0.001), geographic region ( p = 0.004) and time period ( p < 0.001). Table 2 Comparison of scale scores between different subgroups Variables SDS SAS PSQI mean ± SD p value effect size mean ± SD p value effect size mean ± SD p value effect size Age,years < 0.001 0.057 < 0.001 0.043 0.005 0.088 < 20 49.88 ± 14.97 43.52 ± 12.08 7.92 ± 3.01 20–30 49.49 ± 14.66 43.83 ± 11.73 8.38 ± 2.98 30–40 48.51 ± 14.61 43.24 ± 11.58 8.11 ± 3.26 40–50 47.27 ± 14.50 42.42 ± 11.50 8.22 ± 3.25 50–60 47.13 ± 14.99 42.3 ± 12.08 8.80 ± 2.98 ≥ 60 48.16 ± 15.33 42.05 ± 11.20 9.73 ± 3.43 Gender 0.309 0.005 < 0.001 0.015 < 0.001 0.086 Male 48.99 ± 14.8 43.17 ± 11.75 7.93 ± 3.03 Female 48.84 ± 14.61 43.53 ± 11.66 8.46 ± 3.13 Marital status < 0.001 0.043 < 0.001 0.031 0.131 0.044 Divorced or widowed 48.81 ± 14.73 42.69 ± 11.76 8.55 ± 2.82 Single 49.53 ± 14.74 43.75 ± 11.81 8.08 ± 3.01 Married 48.23 ± 14.61 43.06 ± 11.59 8.32 ± 3.20 Personnel category < 0.001 0.049 < 0.001 0.029 0.474 0.026 Patients 51.16 ± 15.93 44.6 ± 13.42 8.4 ± 3.16 Public (Non-patients/Medical staff) 49.11 ± 14.65 43.46 ± 11.69 8.23 ± 3.09 Medical staff 46.82 ± 14.85 42.36 ± 11.65 7.95 ± 3.11 Education level < 0.001 0.042 < 0.001 0.031 0.247 0.050 Junior high school graduate and below 49.98 ± 14.90 44.08 ± 11.92 8.18 ± 3.06 Senior high school graduate 49.48 ± 14.92 43.34 ± 11.62 8.25 ± 3.13 College graduate 49.08 ± 14.64 43.47 ± 11.62 8.13 ± 3.02 Undergraduate 48.58 ± 14.56 43.18 ± 11.64 8.37 ± 3.01 Graduate and above 47.85 ± 14.80 42.84 ± 11.82 7.85 ± 3.53 Occupation < 0.001 0.027 0.116 0.014 0.114 0.069 Self-employed 48.73 ± 14.70 43.45 ± 11.65 8.21 ± 3.17 Company employees 48.76 ± 14.55 43.44 ± 11.58 8.32 ± 3.20 Teachers 47.93 ± 14.80 42.99 ± 11.56 7.79 ± 3.37 Others 49.19 ± 14.77 43.4 ± 11.66 8.44 ± 2.99 Students 49.37 ± 14.78 43.49 ± 11.96 7.98 ± 3.03 Medical staff 48.40 ± 14.82 43.00 ± 11.63 8.73 ± 3.04 Government personnel 48.45 ± 14.63 43.05 ± 11.89 8.23 ± 3.19 Living circumstance 0.015 0.015 0.013 0.013 0.103 0.046 Alone 49.54 ± 14.90 43.67 ± 11.81 8.26 ± 3.14 With family or a partner 48.82 ± 14.67 43.37 ± 11.67 8.18 ± 3.09 Shared room 48.99 ± 14.71 42.95 ± 11.86 9.18 ± 2.97 Geographic region 0.002 0.016 0.001 0.014 0.004 0.063 Hubei 50.15 ± 14.58 44.2 ± 11.44 7.34 ± 2.83 Non-Hubei 48.87 ± 14.70 43.33 ± 11.71 8.25 ± 3.10 Time period < 0.001 0.178 < 0.001 0.130 < 0.001 0.259 February 3 and before 47.52 ± 14.36 42.45 ± 11.13 9.50 ± 2.93 February 4–9 45.97 ± 14.33 41.18 ± 11.03 9.98 ± 3.24 February 10–15 47.90 ± 14.77 43.08 ± 11.83 10.62 ± 2.75 February 16 and after 52.70 ± 14.53 46.21 ± 12.31 7.80 ± 3.00 Temporal evolution of public stress response during the pandemic Figure 2 shows temporal evolution of public stress response during the pandemic.As shown in Fig. 2 a, anxiety and depression levels among the public population closely correlated with changes in the COVID-19 situation in the country. Figure 2 b shows a similar phenomenon on February 9, 2020. Multivariate analysis showed that the time period remained an independent impact factor after adjusting for the impact of other demographic characteristics ( online Supplementary Table S1 ) . The global scores of SDS and SAS showed a downward trend and then an upward trend, while the PSQI scores exhibited an upward trend and then a downward trend. Comparison before and after music therapy The distribution of visits and play times of music therapy is shown in online Supplementary Fig. S2 . Based on the univariate analysis of SAS and SDS scores, there was a significant difference between the music therapy group and the non-music therapy group. The data showed that the global SAS and SDS scores of the respondents after 7 ± 2 days of music therapy were significantly lower than those of people without music therapy ( p < 0.001). A significant difference in the SAS and SDS global score was also observed in the time period subgroup ( p < 0.001). In addition, after respondents received music therapy in the SAS group, the improvement of the global score in the elder group was significantly better than that in the younger group ( p = 0.041), and males showed better improvement than females ( p = 0.004) ( Table 3 ) . Table 3 Univariate analysis of SDS and SAS scores Variables SDS SAS Baseline After 1 week p value Baseline After 1 week p value Group < 0.001 < 0.001 Music Group 62.28 ± 8.38 51.10 ± 10.91 60.44 ± 9.59 49.82 ± 11.07 Control 64.60 ± 8.41 59.73 ± 15.53 62.61 ± 9.20 57.94 ± 15.97 Age, years 0.178 0.041 < 20 65.00 ± 8.50 58.08 ± 16.47 60.39 ± 9.38 51.91 ± 16.41 20–30 62.31 ± 8.06 53.41 ± 12.99 61.34 ± 9.44 51.43 ± 12.47 30–40 63.53 ± 8.85 54.79 ± 12.91 60.74 ± 9.64 52.20 ± 12.75 40–50 64.69 ± 8.34 54.00 ± 11.73 60.54 ± 8.77 53.57 ± 13.01 50–60 62.88 ± 9.68 55.88 ± 16.03 61.89 ± 13.33 49.68 ± 13.28 ≥ 60 68.5 ± 11.50 47.75 ± 25.81 57.50 ± 2.12 36.00 ± 14.14 Gender 0.512 0.004 Male 63.24 ± 7.80 54.83 ± 14.00 60.77 ± 9.44 50.13 ± 12.78 Female 63.07 ± 8.80 53.97 ± 13.15 61.10 ± 9.59 52.76 ± 12.97 Marital status 0.252 0.841 Divorced or widowed 64.67 ± 7.32 56.87 ± 13.75 59.23 ± 8.30 49.00 ± 9.90 Single 63.17 ± 8.36 54.92 ± 13.69 61.25 ± 9.20 52.25 ± 13.41 Married 62.93 ± 8.73 52.98 ± 12.98 60.82 ± 9.99 51.63 ± 12.62 Education level Junior high school graduate and below 64.76 ± 8.95 55.80 ± 15.86 64.45 ± 12.01 54.2 ± 16.51 Senior high school graduate 66.73 ± 10.29 57.12 ± 11.22 59.46 ± 7.00 52.2 ± 10.63 College graduate 61.20 ± 8.31 51.51 ± 14.10 0.377 60.46 ± 8.51 51.07 ± 12.14 0.545 Undergraduate 63.05 ± 7.15 55.36 ± 12.41 60.77 ± 9.46 51.92 ± 12.97 Graduate and above 64.66 ± 10.64 54.00 ± 11.17 59.71 ± 9.05 50.19 ± 10.50 Occupation 0.533 0.281 Self-employed 63.54 ± 10.32 52.86 ± 10.64 60.77 ± 10.63 51.6 ± 12.76 Company employees 64.03 ± 9.20 56.11 ± 13.51 59.92 ± 8.43 51.79 ± 12.10 Teachers 63.68 ± 9.50 53.15 ± 12.15 63.18 ± 9.70 52.09 ± 12.01 Others 63.31 ± 7.79 54.32 ± 13.23 62.69 ± 11.05 52.51 ± 14.43 Students 62.52 ± 8.08 53.07 ± 14.00 61.17 ± 9.52 52.26 ± 13.44 Government personnel 61.27 ± 6.60 54.18 ± 14.82 59.39 ± 7.58 49.39 ± 12.16 Living circumstance 0.745 0.906 Alone 64.37 ± 8.31 56.53 ± 13.02 61.42 ± 9.58 51.83 ± 14.17 With family or a partner 63.12 ± 8.58 54.10 ± 13.59 60.97 ± 9.69 51.86 ± 12.91 Shared room 60.97 ± 6.81 52.03 ± 12.41 60.68 ± 6.72 52.00 ± 12.18 Geographic region 0.996 0.704 Hubei 67.75 ± 12.03 58.88 ± 15.45 61 ± 10.9 51.13 ± 10.59 Non-Hubei 63.05 ± 8.37 54.19 ± 13.42 60.99 ± 9.48 51.89 ± 13.04 Time period < 0.001 < 0.001 February 3 and before 62.73 ± 8.45 52.59 ± 12.06 60.73 ± 9.59 50.84 ± 11.82 February 4–9 62.32 ± 8.10 52.63 ± 14.44 61.59 ± 8.63 54.70 ± 14.86 February 10–15 65.10 ± 9.38 56.97 ± 19.79 61.10 ± 9.10 50.97 ± 15.92 February 16 and after 64.87 ± 8.09 63.08 ± 12.93 62.97 ± 9.70 60.12 ± 16.77 Multiple linear regression analysis A multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate independent factors associated with the reduction of the SAS and SDS global score ( Table 4 ) . The results indicated that music therapy (vs. non-music therapy, p < 0.001 in both the SDS group and the SAS group) was significantly associated with a reduction in the global score. Moreover, in the SDS group, there was a significant association between the time period [February 4–9 ( p = 0.007), February 10–15 ( p = 0.048)] and the reduction in the global score. As in the SAS group, time period [February 4–9 ( p < 0.001) and age [≥ 60 years ( p = 0.018)] were significantly associated with the reduction of the global score. Table 4 Multiple linear regression analysis of SDS and SAS scores Variables Estimated regression coefficients Standard error t p value SDS Music therapy No Ref Yes -7.830 1.644 -4.763 < 0.001 Time period February 3 and before Ref February 4–9 -5.822 2.147 -2.712 0.007 February 10–15 -4.850 2.449 -1.981 0.048 February 16 and after 1.498 2.019 0.742 0.459 SAS Music therapy No Ref Yes -8.912 1.376 -6.478 < 0.001 Time period February 3 and before Ref February 4–9 -0.904 0.159 -5.683 < 0.001 February 10–15 0.588 0.144 4.087 < 0.001 February 16 and after 3.708 0.124 29.863 < 0.001 Age, years < 20 Ref 20–30 -0.368 1.459 -0.252 0.801 30–40 1.151 1.499 0.768 0.443 40–50 2.843 1.735 1.638 0.102 50–60 -2.730 2.507 -1.089 0.277 ≥ 60 -15.843 6.656 -2.380 0.018 Gender Male Ref Female 3.359 0.764 4.397 < 0.001 Discussion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey and music therapy conducted in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. As of June 2019, there were 847 million mobile phone netizens, and 99.1% of netizens used mobile phones to access the Internet 18 . In addition, more than 98% of China’s areas are covered by 4G or 5G communication networks 19 . In contrast to online surveys by computers and by telephone, the popularization of 4G and 5G Internet services and smartphones in China makes it possible to conduct timely WeChat surveys. The lifetime prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in the Chinese population is 7.6% and 6.8%, respectively 20 . Our online survey revealed a relatively high proportion of respondents with anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality. In line with our results, several surveys on targeted groups, such as medical staff, also showed a higher level of anxiety and depression during the periods of the COVID-19 6,9,10 or SARS outbreak 15 , 21 , 22 . These findings indicate that attention to the psychological aftermath of severe infectious diseases is indispensable. Our study showed that there was a significant positive correlation between public stress status and related social events implemented by the government. We believed that the proportions of anxiety and depression in the public were lower on February 9 and 17, respectively, which might be attributed to the improvement of the situation that constrained the availability of medical resources (hospitals, beds, health carers, etc.). Since these concerted efforts enhanced Chinese people’s confidence in winning the battle, the psychological burden of public stress was relieved to a certain extent. Notably, our study also showed that there was an overall upward trend of psychological stress in late February. We speculated that this might be due to the persistence of stressors (COVID-19) or the emergence of new stressors such as financial conditions, jobs, education of children, and other factors. Previous studies have demonstrated that major public health-related emergencies impose a great impact on the mental health of the public, and delayed responsive actions persist for a long period 21 – 24 . Our study also found that music therapy was beneficial to relieve public psychological stress. Rapid psychological assessment and tailored music therapy as principal approaches based on the “Y-muse” intelligent platform are expected to provide prompt and closed-loop services for psychological crisis evaluation and intervention. Due to the insufficiency of mental health professionals, even online psychological consultation has difficulty meeting the needs of the general public. Previous studies have shown that music therapy has been successfully used to treat psychological disorders in different populations 25 – 27 . Music’s potential for successful use in therapeutic and clinical settings makes it a viable, low-cost, side-effect-free option to help the public endure difficult times. Since the psychological status of the public is directly impacted by COVID-19, we propose some recommendations. First, the government should establish and improve the mental health crisis intervention system based on both online and offline resources. Second, active and powerful precautionary measures should be adopted to control public health emergencies. Third, music therapy can be utilized as an efficient tool for mental health intervention, and a better understanding of the frequency and duration of music therapy required for an optimal response is needed. Strengths and Limitations We acknowledge that this study, which was based on an online survey, has several limitations. First, the snowball-sampling strategy was not based on random selection, and some residents, especially the older population, might have limited access to smartphones or WeChat. Thus, the study population may not fully represent the entire general population. Second, it is difficult to prevent potential self-report bias in self-report scales, and the results may not always be aligned with assessments by mental health professionals. Lastly, this study began at the middle stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and therefore missed some important time nodes, such as the closure of Wuhan city; therefore, the psychological impact in this period is unknown. Conclusions In conclusion, severe psychological stress has emerged in the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking proactive measures to control the pandemic has protective psychological effects on the general population. Group music therapy is beneficial to relieve the extensive psychological stress. Declarations Acknowledgements. The authors would like to thank Prof. Limin Rong, Qintai Yang and Wei Qiu for their valuable support in the study design and manuscript writing. Conflicts of interest. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Financial support. This work was supported by the Dengfeng Plan Fund 2019TGL017002DF03T and Dengfeng Plan Fund 2019TGL017002DF04T. Data availability . The data of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. the questionnaire used in our study has previously been published and uesd. Please refer to the detailed content in reference 15-17. Author contributions. J.J contributed to study concept and design. Z.T.F and Z.X.M drafted the manuscript and contributed equally as first authors to the manuscript. Z.S.Y contributed to data acquisition and analysis. and Z.H.S contributed to interpreting results. All authors approved the final version of this manuscript. Consent for publication. There are no images or other personal or clinical details of participants are presented that compromise anonymity. Clinical trial number: not applicable. Ethics declaration Expedited ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Our research was in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. References Wang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet Feb. 2020;15(10223):470–3. 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30185-9 . Lancet T. Emerging understandings of 2019-nCoV. Lancet (London, England) . Feb 1. 2020;395(10221):311. 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30186-0 Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama Feb. 2020;24. 10.1001/jama.2020.2648 . Mahase E. Coronavirus covid-19 has killed more people than SARS and MERS combined, despite lower case fatality rate. BMJ (Clinical Res ed). Feb 2020;18:368:m641. 10.1136/bmj.m641 . Horton R, Offline. 2019-nCoV-A desperate plea. Lancet (London, England) . Feb. 2020;8(10222):400. 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30299-3 . Liu S, Yang L, Zhang C, et al. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. lancet Psychiatry Apr. 2020;7(4):e17–8. 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30077-8 . Xiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. lancet Psychiatry Mar. 2020;7(3):228–9. 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30046-8 . Kang L, Li Y, Hu S, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. lancet Psychiatry Mar. 2020;7(3):e14. 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30047-x . Guo J, Liao LM, Wang BG et al. Psychological Effects of COVID-19 on Hospital Staff: A National Cross-Sectional Survey of China Mainland. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3550050 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3550050 . 2020. Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res public health Mar. 2020;6(5). 10.3390/ijerph17051729 . Dragioti E, Li H, Tsitsas G et al. A large-scale meta-analytic atlas of mental health problems prevalence during the COVID-19 early pandemic. J Med Virol May 2022-心理;94(5):1935–49. 10.1002/jmv.27549 Xu Y, Su S, Jiang Z et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mental Health Symptoms and Suicidal Behavior Among University Students in Wuhan, China During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Psychiatry . 2021-wuhan大学生;12:695017. 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.695017 Sarigiannis KA, Tringali JJ, Vu J, et al. Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among Families of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Longitudinal Clinical Trial. Ann Am Thorac Soc. May 2023;20(5):705–12. 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202209-797OC . Simonsson O, Bazin O, Fisher SD, Goldberg SB. Effects of an eight-week, online mindfulness program on anxiety and depression in university students during COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res Nov. 2021;305:114222. 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114222 . Chen R, Chou KR, Huang YJ, Wang TS, Liu SY, Ho LY. Effects of a SARS prevention programme in Taiwan on nursing staff's anxiety, depression and sleep quality: a longitudinal survey. Int J Nurs Stud Feb. 2006;43(2):215–25. 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.03.006 . Zhang G, Yang X, Tu X, Ding N, Lau JTF. Prospective relationships between mobile phone dependence and mental health status among Chinese undergraduate students with college adjustment as a mediator. J Affect disorders Jan 1. 2020;260:498–505. 10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.047 . Xu Y, Yao J, Zhang Z, Wang W. Oct. Association between sleep quality and psychiatric disorders in patients with subjective tinnitus in China. European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology: official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery . 2016;273(10):3063-72. 10.1007/s00405-016-3906-8 Anon. The 44th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China. Retrieved from http://www.cac.gov.cn/2019zt/44/index.htm (accessed Mar 30, 2020; in Chinese). 2019, August 30. Ma S. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: China's administrative village fiber, 4G coverage exceeds 98%. Retrieved from http://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201908/01/WS5d42a295a31099ab995d6b8b.html (accessed Mar 30, 2020; in Chinese). 2019, August 1. Huang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. lancet Psychiatry Mar. 2019;6(3):211–24. 10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30511-x . Cheng SK, Wong CW, Tsang J, Wong KC. Oct. Psychological distress and negative appraisals in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). Psychological medicine . 2004;34(7):1187-95. 10.1017/s0033291704002272 Hong X, Currier GW, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Zhou W, Wei J. Posttraumatic stress disorder in convalescent severe acute respiratory syndrome patients: a 4-year follow-up study. General hospital psychiatry . Nov-Dec. 2009;31(6):546–54. 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.06.008 . Wu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, et al. The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Can J psychiatry Revue canadienne de psychiatrie May. 2009;54(5):302–11. 10.1177/070674370905400504 . Fan F, Long K, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Liu X. Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. Psychol Med Oct. 2015;45(13):2885–96. 10.1017/s0033291715000884 . Umbrello M, Sorrenti T, Mistraletti G, Formenti P, Chiumello D, Terzoni S. Music therapy reduces stress and anxiety in critically ill patients: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Minerva anestesiologica Aug. 2019;85(8):886–98. 10.23736/s0375-9393.19.13526-2 . Trahan T, Durrant SJ, Müllensiefen D, Williamson VJ. The music that helps people sleep and the reasons they believe it works: A mixed methods analysis of online survey reports. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(11):e0206531. 10.1371/journal.pone.0206531 . Carr C, d'Ardenne P, Sloboda A, Scott C, Wang D, Priebe S. Group music therapy for patients with persistent post-traumatic stress disorder–an exploratory randomized controlled trial with mixed methods evaluation. Psychol Psychother Jun. 2012;85(2):179–202. 10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02026.x . Zou S. accessed Mar 30,. WHO public health emergency: What to know. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/31/WS5e33c377a310128217273de5.html (2020). 2020, January 31. Anon. accessed Mar 30,. Huoshenshan Hospital now treating novel coronavirus patients. Retrieved from http://en.nhc.gov.cn/2020-02/05/c_76268.htm (2020). 2020, February 5. Anon. accessed Mar 30,. Just the facts on mobile cabin hospitals. Retrieved from http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202002/05/WS5e3a8309a3101282172752f5_1.html (2020). 2020, February 5. Anon Y. 41 chartered planes and nearly 6 000 medical staff rushed to back up. Retrieved from https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1658130045408647171픴=spider&for=pc (accessed Mar 30, 2020; in Chinese). 2020, February 10. Anon. accessed Mar 30,. China sends over 30,000 medics to aid in battle against COVID-19 in Wuhan. Retrieved from http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/17/c_138791841.htm (2020). 2020, February 17. Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Supplementary Files Fig.S1.tif Supplementary Fig. 1. WeChat interface of the “Gamma on Cloud” platform. In the module of “Epidemic Psychology”, we provided three internationally recognized self-report scales with vivid animation to illustrate each item. Once the respondents finished the psychological evaluations, the results and suggestions were given. For the “Music Therapy Unit”, with the support of the People's Music Publishing House, the platform provided various types of music with different therapeutic functions. Fig.S2.tif Supplementary Fig. 2. Geographic distribution map of respondents in China. Residents in Guangdong and Hubei provinces accounted for the largest proportion. TableS1.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Under Review Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 03 Jun, 2025 Reviewers agreed at journal 03 Jun, 2025 Reviewers invited by journal 28 May, 2025 Editor invited by journal 05 May, 2025 Editor assigned by journal 01 May, 2025 Submission checks completed at journal 01 May, 2025 First submitted to journal 28 Apr, 2025 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-6548684","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":463246074,"identity":"fb35836b-6009-4bd8-bf29-54bc0f107f3e","order_by":0,"name":"Jing Jiang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Sun Yat-sen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Jing","middleName":"","lastName":"Jiang","suffix":""},{"id":463246077,"identity":"132756bc-fd78-4848-9f66-039cf0a41ba9","order_by":1,"name":"Xiaomei Zhou","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Xiaomei","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhou","suffix":""},{"id":463246078,"identity":"76e280b2-85c2-4b6a-8bae-d57799202f17","order_by":2,"name":"Tianfeng Zhao","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Tianfeng","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhao","suffix":""},{"id":463246081,"identity":"aec94f23-0747-47eb-b489-cb09d263ff35","order_by":3,"name":"Zishu Yuan","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Guangzhou Medical University","correspondingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zishu","middleName":"","lastName":"Yuan","suffix":""},{"id":463246084,"identity":"99bdaabe-05af-48a7-9cd5-bec27dea8dd5","order_by":4,"name":"Zhaohui Shi","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAABEUlEQVRIiWNgGAWjYDACCcYGZsaGmnp+IPvAA5goD2EtxxIkG4BaEojTwsAA1MKcYHAAyCFKi/zs5ubPhTvY8oyvHX4ItKUucf6MBMYHb9sY5M1xaDG4c7DBeOYZmWKz22kGQC2HEzfcSGA2nNvGYLizAYcWicSGZN42NsZttxNAWg4kbpBIYJPmbWOAOBWbw2YkNhzmbWNm3Dw7/QPMYey/8WlhuJHY2AzUkrhBOgdkC3Niw40ENmZ8WgxuJDYDFRwzlridU3AgweCw8YYzD5sl55yTMNyA02Hpjz/zttXI8c9O3/zhQ0Wd7Pz25IMf3pTZyON0GJqlDI4NDIwNDOD4IhbYE690FIyCUTAKRgoAAKxyYjnMErGLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"","institution":"The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhaohui","middleName":"","lastName":"Shi","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-04-28 14:08:30","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6548684/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6548684/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":83677925,"identity":"8c0bb17c-861d-42d2-b15c-4e881e33a13b","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-30 15:11:30","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":336859,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003eFlowchart of the screening process of eligible respondents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThere were 39 529, 54 061 and 2151 respondents who completed the psychological evaluations of the SAS, SDS, and PSQI, respectively.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Fig1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6548684/v1/2bf5138ebb52256d3312e785.jpg"},{"id":83678457,"identity":"dda997be-78d4-49ba-a6f2-4e7fb46a75bc","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-30 15:19:30","extension":"png","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":57417,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003etemporal evolution of public stress response during the pandemic\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 2 a.\u003c/strong\u003e The temporal evolution of public psychological stress, expressed as the mean SAS, SDS and PSQI scores, and the daily incidence of cases and deaths due to COVID-19 were determined according to reports from the government. The case-fatality ratio was determined by dividing the cumulative number of deaths by the cumulative number of cases of COVID-19. After the WHO’s declaration of a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020 \u003csup\u003e28\u003c/sup\u003e, the mean global score of SAS and SDS drastically increased over time. While Huoshenshan Hospital (February 4, 2020) \u003csup\u003e29\u003c/sup\u003e and a mobile cabin hospital were put into operational service (February 5, 2020) \u003csup\u003e30\u003c/sup\u003e, the government dispatched medical staff around China to back up Wuhan (February 9, 2020) \u003csup\u003e31\u003c/sup\u003e, and more than 30 000 medical staff arrived at Wuhan to assist in the fight against the COVID-19 outbreak (February 17, 2020) \u003csup\u003e32\u003c/sup\u003e. A decreased mean global score of SAS and SDS was subsequently observed. However, there was an overall increasing trend in the mean global scores of SAS and SDS over time.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFig. 2b \u003c/strong\u003eTemporal evolution of the public stress response, expressed as the distribution of screening positive for anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality. There was a drastically decreased proportion of positive screening for anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality on February 9, 2020, but there was an overall increasing trend of positive screening for anxiety and depression in late February.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"2.png","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6548684/v1/8595b0da7c54e8ffb1433340.png"},{"id":83678996,"identity":"01c63508-3e19-4d80-a722-e3d58cd63147","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-30 15:27:31","extension":"pdf","order_by":0,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":2382369,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"manuscript.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6548684/v1/fc8e27d8-ea43-44c8-a425-8ab686f66a26.pdf"},{"id":83677926,"identity":"06407de5-b407-4755-a225-b511d63feaf1","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-30 15:11:30","extension":"tif","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1084136,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Fig. 1. \u003c/strong\u003eWeChat interface of the “Gamma on Cloud” platform.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn the module of “Epidemic Psychology”, we provided three internationally recognized self-report scales with vivid animation to illustrate each item. Once the respondents finished the psychological evaluations, the results and suggestions were given. For the “Music Therapy Unit”, with the support of the People's Music Publishing House, the platform provided various types of music with different therapeutic functions.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Fig.S1.tif","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6548684/v1/661af7c1640495ff9fcf5aa9.tif"},{"id":83677928,"identity":"1f8bbb86-c314-4a27-b7f6-f5af736dd288","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-30 15:11:30","extension":"tif","order_by":2,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":259418,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSupplementary Fig. 2. \u003c/strong\u003eGeographic distribution map of respondents in China.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResidents in Guangdong and Hubei provinces accounted for the largest proportion.\u003c/p\u003e","description":"","filename":"Fig.S2.tif","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6548684/v1/2e3e4be2e65f1cccf2ac4c6b.tif"},{"id":83677924,"identity":"432e014f-5c29-4b45-94fb-cde69690a09f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-05-30 15:11:30","extension":"docx","order_by":3,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":27144,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TableS1.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-6548684/v1/401371949c70cf3c09591f3d.docx"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"Music Therapy Effectively Alleviates Public Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Disorders Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic: an online survey and evaluation across China Running title：Psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic across China","fulltext":[{"header":"Introduction","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn December 2019, a novel coronavirus was discovered in Wuhan, China, and shortly thereafter, multiple cases of coronavirus infection were reported nationwide \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR1\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e and globally \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR2\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe overall case-fatality rate is 2.3% \u003csup\u003e3\u003c/sup\u003e, and the total mortality rate of COVID-19 outbreak has exceeded that of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) combined \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR4\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a \"Public Health Emergency of International Concern.\"\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo prevent disease transmission, the Chinese government has taken drastic measures, including the lock-down of cites, closures of schools and business, and the suspension of public transportation \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR3\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Faced with this unexpected crisis, the public has experienced enormous pressure \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR5\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e5\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The challenges the public faces during the COVID-19 outbreak may trigger various mental disorders, including anxiety, depression, insomnia and other stress-related symptoms \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR7\" citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR8\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e8\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Psychiatric morbidities may be long lasting. The COVID-19 pandemic has become an enormous global health threat, and a thorough understanding of the psychological status of the public and timely intervention are urgently needed \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR7\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e7\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eFew online mental health surveys have been conducted \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR10\" citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR11\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e11\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e because human-to-human transmission of COVID-19 hinders traditional face-to-face psychological counseling. The few existing studies have focused mainly on medical staff \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR9\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e9\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, and the sample sizes are quite small \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR6\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e6\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR10\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e10\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Previous studies have primarily focused on investigating the psychological status of the population\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR12\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e12\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR13\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e13\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e, without providing proactive intervention measures to the public\u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR14\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e14\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Moreover, a simple and feasible means of psychological intervention is warranted, which should be experimentally validated.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University is a designated treatment hospital for COVID-19 in China. In the early stages of the epidemic, dozens of medical staff were dispatched to Wuhan to participate in relief efforts. The frontline experience quickly made us aware of the impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on public emotions and psychology. Accordingly, we independently developed a novel mobile-based psychological evaluation and music therapy software on the popular WeChat platform. Launched on January 29, 2019, the software was made available to the general public free of charge through promotion by the Chinese government and media. It effectively captured the negative emotions of people across China during the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak. In accordance with recommendations from psychological and medical experts, the platform accurately delivered therapeutic music based on users' emotional assessment scores, receiving unanimous praise from users and the media. In this study, we aimed to define the current stress response among the general population in China and explore the effect of music therapy during the pandemic crisis. It also provides a novel, simple, and feasible solution for monitoring, guiding, and treating public emotions during future public health emergencies.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Methods","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec3\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eOnline survey setting\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eBased on the WeChat platform, the most popular social platform in China, we developed software called \u0026ldquo;Y-muse\u0026rdquo;, which acts as a mobile psychological hospital. \u0026ldquo;Epidemic Psychology\u0026rdquo; and \u0026lsquo;Music Therapy Unit\u0026rsquo; are two major modules in this software and were used to conduct remote mobile-based psychological evaluations and music interventions. After the respondents completed the psychological evaluations, online counseling and music therapy were conducted.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eDuring the software development process, to prevent unintentional or intentional mistakes such as malicious repeat completion of the questionnaire in a short time, we used unique user credentials supplemented by a questionnaire submission timestamp, selection of the same proportion, questionnaire integrity after deduplication, and comparison of the questionnaire algorithm results. We established a screening data model, judged the intention of submissions, limited the frequency of questionnaire submissions, and automatically identified invalid data to ensure the scientific nature and reliability of the results in the self-report scales.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEnrolled subjects\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA cross-sectional online survey was implemented across China during the middle phase of the COVID-19 pandemic from January 31 to February 29, 2020. This survey was open to all residents living in China. The eligibility criteria for the respondents were as follows: (1) age between 12 and 70 years; (2) able to understand the contents of the survey; (3) regular access to a smartphone and WeChat; and (4) completion of the psychological assessment.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe adopted a snowball-sampling strategy to recruit respondents. The survey was disseminated to a large group of people by (1) face-to-face recommendations from psychologists in the hospital; (2) recommendations in the context of psychological hotline consultations; and (3) telephone follow-up and text messaging for active notifications.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e Electronic informed consent was recorded once the respondents clicked the \u0026ldquo;Begin survey\u0026rdquo; button. Expedited ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Our research was in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration. Bseides, The subjects under the age of 16 participated in this test after obtaining permission from their parents.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eMeasurements\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBefore recruiting the respondents, we conducted a pilot investigation to ensure that all questions in the survey were clear and meaningful. Respondents were invited to complete a personal information questionnaire (PIQ), which included gender, date of birth, marital status, contact number, geographic region, educational background, occupation, personnel category, health condition and living circumstance.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eZung\u0026rsquo;s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Zung\u0026rsquo;s self-rating depression scale (SDS) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), which have been widely used and validated in the Chinese population, were applied \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR16\" citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR17\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e17\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. The SAS global score was divided into normal (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;50), mild anxiety (50\u0026ndash;59), moderate anxiety (60\u0026ndash;69), and severe anxiety (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;70). A global score\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;50 indicates psychological anxiety. The SDS global score was divided into normal (\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;53), mild depression (53\u0026ndash;62), moderate depression (63\u0026ndash;72), and severe depression (\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;73). A global score\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;53 indicates psychological depression. Sleep quality was assessed using the PSQI, and the global score ranged from 0\u0026ndash;21. A score\u0026thinsp;\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;5 indicates poor sleep quality.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eEffect of music therapy\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAll respondents who completed the online survey were encouraged to participate in the subsequent music therapy. The music therapy was conducted through listening and free choice. The respondents were required to select their favorite music independently and to listen to a total of 20 songs every day, or a total of more than 60 minutes throughout the day, for 7 consecutive days. Before and after the music therapy, the respondents completed the SAS, SDS, and PSQI evaluations online. Only the general population was included for statistical analysis, and respondents with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 who may have received other psychological interventions were excluded. We randomly selected respondents in the same period as the control group.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec7\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStatistical analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eDemographic characteristics are described by frequency. All self-rating scale scores are described as the mean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;standard deviation. Comparisons between subgroups were performed using an independent-sample t test or one-way ANOVA. To explore whether the public's psychological scores changed with the progress of the COVID-19 epidemic, we divided the time periods according to the first evaluation time of the respondents and used a one-way ANOVA to compare the differences in scores between different time periods. The remaining demographic characteristics were adjusted for covariates in multiple linear regression analysis by analyzing whether the time period remained a meaningful impact factor. Respondents who had scale scores for the baseline and subsequent 7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2 days were included in the analysis and divided into groups according to whether they received music therapy. We used an independent-sample t test or one-way ANOVA to evaluate the impact of music therapy and demographic characteristics on the improvement of scale scores. Variables with \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 in the univariate analysis were incorporated into the multiple linear regression analysis. All tests were two sided, and \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data were analyzed using R 3.6.2 (\u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.r-project.org\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.r-project.org\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Results","content":"\u003cdiv id=\"Sec9\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eDemographic characteristics\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e shows the screening process for eligible respondents. The average age of the final respondents was 30.16 years old (standard deviation [SD]: 9.43, range: 12\u0026ndash;70). Among the respondents, the majority were aged 20 to 30 years (41.74%), female (54.34%), single (48.45%), public (Non-patients and Non-Medical staff) (89.92%), had an education level of undergraduate (42.68%), company employees (30.16%), and lived with family or a partner (82.07%) (Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e1\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e).\u003c/b\u003e The geographic distribution of the respondents is shown in \u003cb\u003eonline Supplemental Fig. \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab1\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 1\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003e༎\u003c/b\u003eDemographic characteristics of respondents\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTotal (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;61 753)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSDS (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;39 529)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSAS (n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;54 061)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePSQI(n\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;2151)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAge, years\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6461(10.46%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4498(11.38%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5121(9.47%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e568(26.41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 773(41.74%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 996(43.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 064(40.81%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e759(35.29%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e19 944(32.30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 283(31.07%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 079(33.44%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e525(24.41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7350(11.90%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4447(11.25%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6723(12.44%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e187(8.69%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1761(2.85%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1046(2.65%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1641(3.04%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e90(4.18%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e464(0.75%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e259(0.66%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e433(0.80%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22(1.02%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e28 198(45.66%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17 821(45.08%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 350(45.04%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1017(47.28%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33 555(54.34%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21 708(54.92%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 711(54.96%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1134(52.72%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced or widowed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2118(3.43%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1337(3.38%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1823(3.37%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e88(4.09%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 918(48.45%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20 033(50.68%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e25 250(46.71%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1052(48.91%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29 717(48.12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 159(45.94%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 988(49.92%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1011(47.00%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePersonnel category\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e552(0.89%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e388(0.98%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e416(0.77%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30(1.39%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic (Non-patients/Medical staff)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55 528(89.92%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e35 264(89.21%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48 702(90.09%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1938(90.10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical staff\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5673(9.19%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3877(9.81%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4943(9.14%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e183(8.51%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducation level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJunior high school graduate and below\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9993(16.18%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6394(16.18%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8541(15.8%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e474(22.04%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSenior high school graduate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4591(7.43%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2971(7.52%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3945(7.30%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e223(10.37%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollege graduate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 215(23.02%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8979(22.71%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 490(23.10%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e439(20.41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUndergraduate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e26 359(42.68%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e17029(43.08%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e23 157(42.83%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e788(36.63%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraduate and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6595(10.68%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4156(10.51%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5928(10.97%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e227(10.55%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-employed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4748(7.69%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2864(7.25%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4438(8.21%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e107(4.97%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompany employees\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e18 624(30.16%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 509(29.12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 953(31.36%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e524(24.36%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeachers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3690(5.98%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2293(5.80%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3350(6.20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e91(4.23%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 154(24.54%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9545(24.15%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e13 342(24.68%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e567(26.36%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudents\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e12 437(20.14%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8641(21.86%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10 043(18.58%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e715(33.24%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical staff\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1311(2.12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e839(2.12%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1182(2.19%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e33(1.53%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGovernment personnel\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5789(9.37%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3838(9.71%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4753(8.79%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e114(5.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLiving circumstance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5913(9.58%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3834(9.70%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5087(9.41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e229(10.65%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith family or a partner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50 679(82.07%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e32 093(81.19%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44 832(82.93%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1878(87.31%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShared room\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e5161(8.36%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3602(9.11%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4142(7.66%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44(2.05%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGeographic region\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHubei\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2280(3.69%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1320(3.34%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1968(3.64%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101(4.7%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Hubei\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59 473(96.31%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e38 209(96.66%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52 093(96.36%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2050(95.3%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTime period\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 3 and before\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e24 476(39.64%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e15 202(38.46%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e22 128(40.93%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e353(16.41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 4\u0026ndash;9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8896(14.41%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6059(15.33%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7984(14.77%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e101(4.70%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 10\u0026ndash;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 655(18.87%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6329(16.01%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9728(17.99%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e21(0.98%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 16 and after\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e16 726(27.09%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e11 939(30.20%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e14 221(26.31%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1676(77.92%)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eComparison of stress response between different subgroups\u003c/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe mean global scores of the SAS, SDS and PSQI were 43.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.70, 48.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.70, and 8.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.10, respectively. There were 15 367 (28.43%), 16 044 (40.59%) and 1908 (88.70%) respondents who were screened positive for anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality, respectively, in their first evaluation. Among these respondents, 5438 (10.06%) had experienced moderate to severe anxiety, and 7262 (18.37%) reported moderate to severe depression. As shown in Table\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e, when we compared the psychological distress between different subgroups, the results showed that depression differed across age, marital status, personnel category, education level, occupation, time period (all \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), living circumstance (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.015) and geographic region (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.002). For anxiety, differences were statistically significant in all subgroups except for occupation. As in the PSQI group, there were differences only between age (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.005), gender (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001), geographic region (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004) and time period (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001).\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab2\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 2\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eComparison of scale scores between different subgroups\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"10\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c8\" colnum=\"8\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c9\" colnum=\"9\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c10\" colnum=\"10\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSDS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSAS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c10\" namest=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePSQI\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eeffect size\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eeffect size\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003emean\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;SD\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eeffect size\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge,years\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.057\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.088\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.38\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.26\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.22\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.25\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.3\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.309\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.005\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.086\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.8\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.043\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.131\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.044\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced or widowed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.81\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.55\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.74\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.61\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.06\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003ePersonnel category\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.049\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.029\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.474\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.026\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePatients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.16\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003ePublic (Non-patients/Medical staff)\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical staff\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.11\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducation level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.042\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.031\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.247\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.050\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJunior high school graduate and below\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSenior high school graduate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollege graduate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.47\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUndergraduate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.58\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraduate and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.85\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.027\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.116\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.114\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.069\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-employed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.65\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompany employees\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.55\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeachers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.56\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.4\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.66\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudents\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.49\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.96\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMedical staff\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.40\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGovernment personnel\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.89\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.19\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLiving circumstance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.015\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.013\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.103\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.046\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith family or a partner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.67\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShared room\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.95\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGeographic region\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.002\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.016\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.014\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.063\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHubei\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e44.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Hubei\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e48.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.33\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.71\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e8.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTime period\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.178\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.130\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.259\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 3 and before\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e42.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.13\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 4\u0026ndash;9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e45.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e41.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e9.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.24\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 10\u0026ndash;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.90\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e43.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.83\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e10.62\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 16 and after\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e46.21\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c8\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e7.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;3.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c9\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c10\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec11\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eTemporal evolution of public stress response during the pandemic\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eFigure \u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003e shows temporal evolution of public stress response during the pandemic.As shown in Fig.\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003ea, anxiety and depression levels among the public population closely correlated with changes in the COVID-19 situation in the country. Figure\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Fig4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e2\u003c/span\u003eb shows a similar phenomenon on February 9, 2020. Multivariate analysis showed that the time period remained an independent impact factor after adjusting for the impact of other demographic characteristics (\u003cb\u003eonline Supplementary Table \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM1\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS1\u003c/span\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e. The global scores of SDS and SAS showed a downward trend and then an upward trend, while the PSQI scores exhibited an upward trend and then a downward trend.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec12\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eComparison before and after music therapy\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe distribution of visits and play times of music therapy is shown in \u003cb\u003eonline Supplementary Fig. \u003cspan refid=\"MOESM2\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003eS2\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/b\u003e. Based on the univariate analysis of SAS and SDS scores, there was a significant difference between the music therapy group and the non-music therapy group. The data showed that the global SAS and SDS scores of the respondents after 7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2 days of music therapy were significantly lower than those of people without music therapy (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). A significant difference in the SAS and SDS global score was also observed in the time period subgroup (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001). In addition, after respondents received music therapy in the SAS group, the improvement of the global score in the elder group was significantly better than that in the younger group (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.041), and males showed better improvement than females (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.004) \u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab3\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab3\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 3\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUnivariate analysis of SDS and SAS scores\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"7\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c6\" colnum=\"6\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c7\" colnum=\"7\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\" morerows=\"1\" rowspan=\"2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c4\" namest=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSDS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colspan=\"3\" nameend=\"c7\" namest=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSAS\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter 1 week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eBaseline\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAfter 1 week\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep value\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGroup\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMusic Group\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.28\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.44\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.07\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eControl\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.60\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.53\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.94\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge, years\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.178\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.041\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.91\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.41\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.34\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.43\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.47\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.85\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.74\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.34\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.57\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.68\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.33\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.28\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e68.5\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e47.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;25.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.50\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.12\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e36.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.512\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.004\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.24\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.78\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.80\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMarital status\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.252\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.841\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eDivorced or widowed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.67\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.75\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.23\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.90\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSingle\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.36\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.25\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMarried\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.93\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.73\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.98\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.98\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.82\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.99\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.62\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eEducation level\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eJunior high school graduate and below\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.76\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.95\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.80\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.45\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSenior high school graduate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e66.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.29\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e57.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.22\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.2\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCollege graduate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.20\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.377\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.46\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.14\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.545\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eUndergraduate\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e55.36\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.46\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.97\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGraduate and above\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.66\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.71\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colspan=\"2\" nameend=\"c2\" namest=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eOccupation\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.533\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.281\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eSelf-employed\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.54\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.32\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.64\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.77\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.6\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.76\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eCompany employees\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.11\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.51\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.92\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.79\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eTeachers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.15\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.09\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.01\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eOthers\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.31\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.23\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.69\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.05\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.51\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.43\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStudents\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.52\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.08\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e53.07\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.00\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.17\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.52\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.26\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eGovernment personnel\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.27\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.18\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e59.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;7.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e49.39\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.16\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eLiving circumstance\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.745\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.906\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eAlone\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.37\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.31\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.53\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.02\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.42\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.83\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.17\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eWith family or a partner\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.58\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.69\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.86\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.91\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eShared room\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.81\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.03\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.41\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.68\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;6.72\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.00\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.18\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGeographic region\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.996\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.704\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eHubei\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e67.75\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.03\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e58.88\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.13\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;10.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNon-Hubei\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.05\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.37\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.19\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.42\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.99\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.48\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e51.89\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;13.04\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTime period\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 3 and before\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.45\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.06\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.73\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.59\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;11.82\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 4\u0026ndash;9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.32\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e52.63\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.44\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.59\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.63\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e54.70\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;14.86\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 10\u0026ndash;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e65.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.38\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e56.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;19.79\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e61.10\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.10\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;15.92\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 16 and after\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e64.87\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;8.09\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e63.08\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.93\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\"\u0026plusmn;\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e62.97\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;9.70\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c6\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e60.12\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;16.77\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c7\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec13\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eMultiple linear regression analysis\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eA multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate independent factors associated with the reduction of the SAS and SDS global score \u003cb\u003e(\u003c/b\u003eTable\u0026nbsp;\u003cspan refid=\"Tab4\" class=\"InternalRef\"\u003e4\u003c/span\u003e\u003cb\u003e)\u003c/b\u003e. The results indicated that music therapy (vs. non-music therapy, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 in both the SDS group and the SAS group) was significantly associated with a reduction in the global score. Moreover, in the SDS group, there was a significant association between the time period [February 4\u0026ndash;9 (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.007), February 10\u0026ndash;15 (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.048)] and the reduction in the global score. As in the SAS group, time period [February 4\u0026ndash;9 (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001) and age [\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60 years (\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;=\u0026thinsp;0.018)] were significantly associated with the reduction of the global score.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"gridtable\"\u003e\u003ctable float=\"Yes\" id=\"Tab4\" border=\"1\"\u003e \u003ccaption language=\"En\"\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionNumber\"\u003eTable 4\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv class=\"CaptionContent\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMultiple linear regression analysis of SDS and SAS scores\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e \u003c/caption\u003e \u003ccolgroup cols=\"5\"\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c1\" colnum=\"1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"left\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c2\" colnum=\"2\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c3\" colnum=\"3\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c4\" colnum=\"4\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cdiv align=\"char\" char=\".\" class=\"colspec\" colname=\"c5\" colnum=\"5\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003cthead\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eVariables\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eEstimated regression coefficients\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eStandard error\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003et\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003cth align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e value\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/th\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/thead\u003e \u003ctbody\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSDS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMusic therapy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-7.830\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.644\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.763\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTime period\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 3 and before\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 4\u0026ndash;9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.822\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.147\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.712\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.007\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 10\u0026ndash;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-4.850\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.449\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.981\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.048\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 16 and after\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.498\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.019\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.742\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.459\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eSAS\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eMusic therapy\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eNo\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eYes\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-8.912\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.376\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-6.478\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eTime period\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 3 and before\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 4\u0026ndash;9\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.904\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.159\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-5.683\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 10\u0026ndash;15\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.588\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.144\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.087\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFebruary 16 and after\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.708\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.124\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e29.863\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eAge, years\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;20\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e20\u0026ndash;30\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.368\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.459\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-0.252\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.801\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e30\u0026ndash;40\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.151\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.499\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.768\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.443\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e40\u0026ndash;50\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.843\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.735\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e1.638\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.102\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e50\u0026ndash;60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.730\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e2.507\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-1.089\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.277\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026ge;\u0026thinsp;60\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-15.843\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e6.656\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e-2.380\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.018\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u003cb\u003eGender\u003c/b\u003e\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eMale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eRef\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003ctr\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c1\"\u003e \u003cp\u003eFemale\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"left\" colname=\"c2\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e3.359\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c3\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e0.764\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c4\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e4.397\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003ctd align=\"char\" char=\".\" colname=\"c5\"\u003e \u003cp\u003e\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/td\u003e \u003c/tr\u003e \u003c/tbody\u003e \u003c/colgroup\u003e \u003c/table\u003e\u003c/div\u003e \u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Discussion","content":"\u003cp\u003eTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first survey and music therapy conducted in the general population during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. As of June 2019, there were 847\u0026nbsp;million mobile phone netizens, and 99.1% of netizens used mobile phones to access the Internet \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR18\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e18\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In addition, more than 98% of China\u0026rsquo;s areas are covered by 4G or 5G communication networks \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR19\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e19\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. In contrast to online surveys by computers and by telephone, the popularization of 4G and 5G Internet services and smartphones in China makes it possible to conduct timely WeChat surveys.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe lifetime prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders in the Chinese population is 7.6% and 6.8%, respectively \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR20\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e20\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Our online survey revealed a relatively high proportion of respondents with anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality. In line with our results, several surveys on targeted groups, such as medical staff, also showed a higher level of anxiety and depression during the periods of the COVID-19 \u003csup\u003e6,9,10\u003c/sup\u003e or SARS outbreak \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan citationid=\"CR15\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e15\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e,\u003cspan citationid=\"CR22\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e22\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. These findings indicate that attention to the psychological aftermath of severe infectious diseases is indispensable.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study showed that there was a significant positive correlation between public stress status and related social events implemented by the government. We believed that the proportions of anxiety and depression in the public were lower on February 9 and 17, respectively, which might be attributed to the improvement of the situation that constrained the availability of medical resources (hospitals, beds, health carers, etc.). Since these concerted efforts enhanced Chinese people\u0026rsquo;s confidence in winning the battle, the psychological burden of public stress was relieved to a certain extent. Notably, our study also showed that there was an overall upward trend of psychological stress in late February. We speculated that this might be due to the persistence of stressors (COVID-19) or the emergence of new stressors such as financial conditions, jobs, education of children, and other factors. Previous studies have demonstrated that major public health-related emergencies impose a great impact on the mental health of the public, and delayed responsive actions persist for a long period \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR22 CR23\" citationid=\"CR21\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e21\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR24\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e24\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eOur study also found that music therapy was beneficial to relieve public psychological stress. Rapid psychological assessment and tailored music therapy as principal approaches based on the \u0026ldquo;Y-muse\u0026rdquo; intelligent platform are expected to provide prompt and closed-loop services for psychological crisis evaluation and intervention. Due to the insufficiency of mental health professionals, even online psychological consultation has difficulty meeting the needs of the general public. Previous studies have shown that music therapy has been successfully used to treat psychological disorders in different populations \u003csup\u003e\u003cspan additionalcitationids=\"CR26\" citationid=\"CR25\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e25\u003c/span\u003e\u0026ndash;\u003cspan citationid=\"CR27\" class=\"CitationRef\"\u003e27\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/sup\u003e. Music\u0026rsquo;s potential for successful use in therapeutic and clinical settings makes it a viable, low-cost, side-effect-free option to help the public endure difficult times.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cp\u003eSince the psychological status of the public is directly impacted by COVID-19, we propose some recommendations. First, the government should establish and improve the mental health crisis intervention system based on both online and offline resources. Second, active and powerful precautionary measures should be adopted to control public health emergencies. Third, music therapy can be utilized as an efficient tool for mental health intervention, and a better understanding of the frequency and duration of music therapy required for an optimal response is needed.\u003c/p\u003e \u003cdiv id=\"Sec15\" class=\"Section2\"\u003e \u003ch2\u003eStrengths and Limitations\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eWe acknowledge that this study, which was based on an online survey, has several limitations. First, the snowball-sampling strategy was not based on random selection, and some residents, especially the older population, might have limited access to smartphones or WeChat. Thus, the study population may not fully represent the entire general population. Second, it is difficult to prevent potential self-report bias in self-report scales, and the results may not always be aligned with assessments by mental health professionals. Lastly, this study began at the middle stage of the COVID-19 pandemic and therefore missed some important time nodes, such as the closure of Wuhan city; therefore, the psychological impact in this period is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e \u003c/div\u003e"},{"header":"Conclusions","content":"\u003cp\u003eIn conclusion, severe psychological stress has emerged in the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking proactive measures to control the pandemic has protective psychological effects on the general population. Group music therapy is beneficial to relieve the extensive psychological stress.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"Declarations","content":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAcknowledgements.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors would like to thank Prof. Limin Rong, Qintai Yang and Wei Qiu for their valuable support in the study design and manuscript writing.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConflicts of interest.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eFinancial support.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eThis work was supported by the Dengfeng Plan Fund 2019TGL017002DF03T and Dengfeng Plan Fund 2019TGL017002DF04T.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eData availability\u003c/strong\u003e. The data of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. the questionnaire used in our study has previously been published and uesd. Please refer to the detailed content in reference 15-17.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAuthor contributions.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003eJ.J contributed to study concept and design. Z.T.F and Z.X.M drafted the manuscript and contributed equally as first authors to the manuscript. Z.S.Y contributed to data acquisition and analysis. and Z.H.S contributed to interpreting results. All authors approved the final version of this manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eConsent for publication.\u003c/strong\u003e There are no images or other personal or clinical details of participants are presented that compromise anonymity.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eClinical trial number:\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003enot applicable.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eEthics declaration\u0026nbsp;\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eExpedited ethics approval was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University. Our research was in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration.\u003c/p\u003e"},{"header":"References","content":"\u003col\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWang C, Horby PW, Hayden FG, Gao GF. A novel coronavirus outbreak of global health concern. Lancet Feb. 2020;15(10223):470\u0026ndash;3. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30185-9\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30185-9\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLancet T. Emerging understandings of 2019-nCoV. \u003cem\u003eLancet (London, England)\u003c/em\u003e. Feb 1. 2020;395(10221):311. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30186-0\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30186-0\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and Important Lessons From the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak in China: Summary of a Report of 72 314 Cases From the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Jama Feb. 2020;24. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1001/jama.2020.2648\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1001/jama.2020.2648\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMahase E. Coronavirus covid-19 has killed more people than SARS and MERS combined, despite lower case fatality rate. BMJ (Clinical Res ed). Feb 2020;18:368:m641. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1136/bmj.m641\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1136/bmj.m641\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHorton R, Offline. 2019-nCoV-A desperate plea. \u003cem\u003eLancet (London, England)\u003c/em\u003e. Feb. 2020;8(10222):400. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30299-3\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30299-3\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eLiu S, Yang L, Zhang C, et al. Online mental health services in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. lancet Psychiatry Apr. 2020;7(4):e17\u0026ndash;8. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30077-8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30077-8\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXiang YT, Yang Y, Li W, et al. Timely mental health care for the 2019 novel coronavirus outbreak is urgently needed. lancet Psychiatry Mar. 2020;7(3):228\u0026ndash;9. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30046-8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30046-8\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eKang L, Li Y, Hu S, et al. The mental health of medical workers in Wuhan, China dealing with the 2019 novel coronavirus. lancet Psychiatry Mar. 2020;7(3):e14. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30047-x\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30047-x\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eGuo J, Liao LM, Wang BG et al. Psychological Effects of COVID-19 on Hospital Staff: A National Cross-Sectional Survey of China Mainland. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3550050 or \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3550050\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.2139/ssrn.3550050\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e. 2020.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWang C, Pan R, Wan X, et al. Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China. Int J Environ Res public health Mar. 2020;6(5). \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.3390/ijerph17051729\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3390/ijerph17051729\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eDragioti E, Li H, Tsitsas G et al. A large-scale meta-analytic atlas of mental health problems prevalence during the COVID-19 early pandemic. J Med Virol May 2022-心理;94(5):1935\u0026ndash;49. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1002/jmv.27549\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1002/jmv.27549\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXu Y, Su S, Jiang Z et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Mental Health Symptoms and Suicidal Behavior Among University Students in Wuhan, China During the COVID-19 Pandemic. \u003cem\u003eFront Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e. 2021-wuhan大学生;12:695017. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.3389/fpsyt.2021.695017\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.3389/fpsyt.2021.695017\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSarigiannis KA, Tringali JJ, Vu J, et al. Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress among Families of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19: A Longitudinal Clinical Trial. Ann Am Thorac Soc. May 2023;20(5):705\u0026ndash;12. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1513/AnnalsATS.202209-797OC\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1513/AnnalsATS.202209-797OC\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eSimonsson O, Bazin O, Fisher SD, Goldberg SB. Effects of an eight-week, online mindfulness program on anxiety and depression in university students during COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial. Psychiatry Res Nov. 2021;305:114222. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114222\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114222\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eChen R, Chou KR, Huang YJ, Wang TS, Liu SY, Ho LY. Effects of a SARS prevention programme in Taiwan on nursing staff's anxiety, depression and sleep quality: a longitudinal survey. Int J Nurs Stud Feb. 2006;43(2):215\u0026ndash;25. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.03.006\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2005.03.006\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZhang G, Yang X, Tu X, Ding N, Lau JTF. Prospective relationships between mobile phone dependence and mental health status among Chinese undergraduate students with college adjustment as a mediator. J Affect disorders Jan 1. 2020;260:498\u0026ndash;505. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.047\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.jad.2019.09.047\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eXu Y, Yao J, Zhang Z, Wang W. Oct. Association between sleep quality and psychiatric disorders in patients with subjective tinnitus in China. \u003cem\u003eEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology: official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery\u003c/em\u003e. 2016;273(10):3063-72. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1007/s00405-016-3906-8\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1007/s00405-016-3906-8\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAnon. The 44th Statistical Report on Internet Development in China. Retrieved from \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.cac.gov.cn/2019zt/44/index.htm\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.cac.gov.cn/2019zt/44/index.htm\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (accessed Mar 30, 2020; in Chinese). 2019, August 30.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMa S. Ministry of Industry and Information Technology: China's administrative village fiber, 4G coverage exceeds 98%. Retrieved from \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201908/01/WS5d42a295a31099ab995d6b8b.html\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://cn.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201908/01/WS5d42a295a31099ab995d6b8b.html\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (accessed Mar 30, 2020; in Chinese). 2019, August 1.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHuang Y, Wang Y, Wang H, et al. Prevalence of mental disorders in China: a cross-sectional epidemiological study. lancet Psychiatry Mar. 2019;6(3):211\u0026ndash;24. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30511-x\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30511-x\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCheng SK, Wong CW, Tsang J, Wong KC. Oct. Psychological distress and negative appraisals in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). \u003cem\u003ePsychological medicine\u003c/em\u003e. 2004;34(7):1187-95. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1017/s0033291704002272\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1017/s0033291704002272\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eHong X, Currier GW, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Zhou W, Wei J. Posttraumatic stress disorder in convalescent severe acute respiratory syndrome patients: a 4-year follow-up study. \u003cem\u003eGeneral hospital psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e. Nov-Dec. 2009;31(6):546\u0026ndash;54. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.06.008\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.06.008\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eWu P, Fang Y, Guan Z, et al. The psychological impact of the SARS epidemic on hospital employees in China: exposure, risk perception, and altruistic acceptance of risk. Can J psychiatry Revue canadienne de psychiatrie May. 2009;54(5):302\u0026ndash;11. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1177/070674370905400504\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1177/070674370905400504\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eFan F, Long K, Zhou Y, Zheng Y, Liu X. Longitudinal trajectories of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among adolescents after the Wenchuan earthquake in China. Psychol Med Oct. 2015;45(13):2885\u0026ndash;96. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1017/s0033291715000884\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1017/s0033291715000884\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eUmbrello M, Sorrenti T, Mistraletti G, Formenti P, Chiumello D, Terzoni S. Music therapy reduces stress and anxiety in critically ill patients: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials. Minerva anestesiologica Aug. 2019;85(8):886\u0026ndash;98. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.23736/s0375-9393.19.13526-2\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.23736/s0375-9393.19.13526-2\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eTrahan T, Durrant SJ, M\u0026uuml;llensiefen D, Williamson VJ. The music that helps people sleep and the reasons they believe it works: A mixed methods analysis of online survey reports. PLoS ONE. 2018;13(11):e0206531. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1371/journal.pone.0206531\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1371/journal.pone.0206531\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCarr C, d'Ardenne P, Sloboda A, Scott C, Wang D, Priebe S. Group music therapy for patients with persistent post-traumatic stress disorder\u0026ndash;an exploratory randomized controlled trial with mixed methods evaluation. Psychol Psychother Jun. 2012;85(2):179\u0026ndash;202. \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003e10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02026.x\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"10.1111/j.2044-8341.2011.02026.x\" targettype=\"DOI\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eZou S. accessed Mar 30,. WHO public health emergency: What to know. Retrieved from \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/31/WS5e33c377a310128217273de5.html\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202001/31/WS5e33c377a310128217273de5.html\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2020). 2020, January 31.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAnon. accessed Mar 30,. Huoshenshan Hospital now treating novel coronavirus patients. Retrieved from \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://en.nhc.gov.cn/2020-02/05/c_76268.htm\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://en.nhc.gov.cn/2020-02/05/c_76268.htm\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2020). 2020, February 5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAnon. accessed Mar 30,. Just the facts on mobile cabin hospitals. Retrieved from \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202002/05/WS5e3a8309a3101282172752f5_1.html\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202002/05/WS5e3a8309a3101282172752f5_1.html\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2020). 2020, February 5.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAnon Y. 41 chartered planes and nearly 6 000 medical staff rushed to back up. Retrieved from \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttps://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1658130045408647171픴=spider\u0026amp;for=pc\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1658130045408647171픴=spider\u0026amp;for=pc\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (accessed Mar 30, 2020; in Chinese). 2020, February 10.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAnon. accessed Mar 30,. China sends over 30,000 medics to aid in battle against COVID-19 in Wuhan. Retrieved from \u003cspan class=\"ExternalRef\"\u003e\u003cspan class=\"RefSource\"\u003ehttp://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/17/c_138791841.htm\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan address=\"http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2020-02/17/c_138791841.htm\" targettype=\"URL\" class=\"RefTarget\"\u003e\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/span\u003e (2020). 2020, February 17.\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ol\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":true,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":false,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"COVID-19 pandemic, anxiety, depression, sleep quality, music therapy","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6548684/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6548684/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003ch2\u003eIMPORTANCE\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe COVID-19 pandemic has brought about widespread health and even mortality anxiety, exacerbating negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, insomnia.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eOBJECTIVE\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eTo determine whether online emotional assessment supported by musicians, psychological experts, and psychiatrists, as well as music therapy applications, can reduce negative emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eDESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis retrospective study collected user data from the \u0026ldquo;Y-muse\u0026rdquo; WeChat mini-program across 34 provinces in China from January 31 to February 29, 2020. Eligible respondentss were between 12 and 70 years old, regular access to a smartphone and WeChat, able to understand the contents of the survey and complete the psychological assessment. Data analysis was conducted between March and June 2024.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eINTERVENTIONS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThis study included a total of 61753 eligible respondents. Y-muse delivered music to respondents at scheduled times based on their daily scale scores. Respondents who had baseline and subsequent,7\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2 days scale scores. The SDS group enrolled 462 respondents (Music therapy: 292 Respondents, Non-music therapy: 170 Respondents). The SAS group enrolled 669 respondents (Music therapy: 501 Respondents, Non-music therapy: 168 Respondents).\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe primary outcome was the change in scores on the Zung\u0026rsquo;s self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), Zung\u0026rsquo;s self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) before and after music therapy use.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eRESULTS\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eThe SAS, SDS, and PSQI were completed by 39 529, 54 061 and 2151 respondents, respectively, from 34 provinces, municipalities, or autonomous regions in China. A total of 28.43%, 40.59% and 88.70% of respondents reached the score for anxiety, depression and poor sleep quality, respectively. Anxiety and depression levels significantly correlated with changes in the COVID-19 situation in China, showing decreased SAS and SDS scores as proactive measures were implemented by the government. Music therapy (vs. non-music therapy, \u003cem\u003ep\u003c/em\u003e\u0026thinsp;\u0026lt;\u0026thinsp;0.001 in the SDS and SAS groups) was significantly associated with a reduction in the global score. In the SDS group, there was a significant association between the time period and a reduction in the global score. In the SAS group, time period and age were significantly associated with a reduction in the global score.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eCONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE\u003c/h2\u003e \u003cp\u003eSevere psychological stress has emerged in the public during the COVID-19 pandemic. Taking proactive measures to control the pandemic has protective psychological effects on the general population. Group music therapy is beneficial to relieve the extensive psychological stress.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Music Therapy Effectively Alleviates Public Anxiety, Depression, and Sleep Disorders Caused by the COVID-19 Pandemic: an online survey and evaluation across China Running title：Psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic across China","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2025-05-30 15:11:25","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-6548684/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2025-06-03T18:09:42+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewerAgreed","content":"272437341729882580303860084465295928345","date":"2025-06-03T17:02:53+00:00","index":"hide","fulltext":""},{"type":"reviewersInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-28T14:47:43+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorInvited","content":"","date":"2025-05-05T08:46:42+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"editorAssigned","content":"","date":"2025-05-02T03:49:53+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"checksComplete","content":"","date":"2025-05-02T03:46:38+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"BMC Public Health","date":"2025-04-28T13:55:35+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"bmc-public-health","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"pubh","sideBox":"Learn more about [BMC Public Health](http://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/)","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"https://www.editorialmanager.com/pubh/default.aspx","title":"BMC Public Health","twitterHandle":"@BMC_series","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"BMC Series","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3373bda2-a123-49e1-b6a4-76eded3df241","owner":[],"postedDate":"May 30th, 2025","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"under-review","subjectAreas":[],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2025-05-30T15:11:25+00:00","versionOfRecord":[],"versionCreatedAt":"2025-05-30 15:11:25","video":"","vorDoi":"","vorDoiUrl":"","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-6548684","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-6548684","identity":"rs-6548684","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"8U1c8b4HqxoKbykW_rLl7","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}