Contrast Agent Reflux in Transvaginal 4-D Hysterosalpingo-Contrast Sonography: Influencing Factors and Coping Strategies

Ping Yang, Yue Zhong, Chao Zhang, Yaping Zhang, Fan Xu, Xu Fan, Hong Shi
Ultrasound quarterly · 2023 · vol. 40(1) , pp. 61–65 · doi:10.1097/ruq.0000000000000661 · PMID:37771069 · W4387157777
article OA: hybrid CC0 ⤵ 3 in-corpus citations
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⚙ AI-generated summary by claude@2026-06, 2026-06-11 ⓘ

This study analyzed 416 patients and found that uterine surgery history, adenomyosis, early post-menstrual examination, thin endometrium, and polyps influence contrast agent reflux during transvaginal 4-D hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography.

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Abstract

Transvaginal 4-D hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (TV 4-D HyCoSy) plays an important role in the detection and diagnosis of clinical female infertility. The purposes of this study were to analyze the influencing factors of TV 4murD HyCoSy complicated with contrast agent reflux and to provide evidence for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Female patients diagnosed as infertility by transvaginal hysterosalpingography from January 2021 to December 2022 were included. The characteristics of patients with and without contrast agent reflux were evaluated. Pearson correlation and logistic regression were conducted to analyze the related factors affecting the occurrence of contrast reflux. A total of 416 patients undergoing TV 4-D HyCoSy were included, and the incidence of contrast agent reflux in patients undergoing TV 4-D HyCoSy was 38.94%. Pearson correlation analysis results indicated that history of uterine cavity operation ( r = 0.556), adenomyosis of uterus ( r = 0.584), examination on less than 5 days after menstruation ( r = 0.602), endometrial thickness ( r = 0.566), and endometrial polyps ( r = 0.575) are all correlated with contrast agent reflux in patients undergoing 4-D HyCoSy (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that history of uterine cavity operation (odds ratio [OR], 1.109; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.012-1.872), adenomyosis of uterus (OR, 2.026; 95% CI, 1.864-2.425), examination on less than 5 days after menstruation (OR, 2.465; 95% CI, 2.118-2.851), endometrial thickness less than 6 mm (OR, 2.866; 95% CI, 2.095-2.957), and endometrial polyps (OR, 1.587; 95% CI, 1.137-1.744) were the influencing factors of contrast agent reflux in patients undergoing (all P < 0.05). The incidence of contrast agent reflux in TV 4-D HyCoSy is high, and there are many influencing factors. Clinical medical workers should take early measures based on these influencing factors to reduce the contrast agent reflux.

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Condition tags

adenomyosisinfertility

MeSH descriptors

Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Adenomyosis Infertility, Female Infertility, Female Infertility, Female

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