Substance use research with gender minority populations: A systematic review of PubMed.

Abstract Gender minority populations including transgender, genderqueer, gender non-binary, and other gender non-conforming groups, have increasingly become of special interest in healthcare and health-based research settings as populations that experience unique health disparities, strengths, and resiliencies. Though data supports high rates of substance use among both sexual and gender minority groups, there has been little work to summarize or report this data on a more global level. This review sought to examine literature and summarize non-alcohol or nicotine-related substance use research practices with a focus on characterizing methodologies for assessing gender identity, expression, and/or presentation and various substance use outcomes. Further, this review sought to highlight critical knowledge gaps in evaluating substance use among gender minority populations and propose improvements to current works.