Heavy Metals and Radionuclides in Islamabad's Industrial Area: A Comprehensive Analysis of Soil and Water Pollution, Source Apportionment and Health Effects Using Statistical and Geospatial Tools

Heavy Metals and Radionuclides in Islamabad's Industrial Area: A Comprehensive Analysis of Soil and Water Pollution, Source Apportionment and Health Effects Using Statistical and Geospatial Tools | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Heavy Metals and Radionuclides in Islamabad's Industrial Area: A Comprehensive Analysis of Soil and Water Pollution, Source Apportionment and Health Effects Using Statistical and Geospatial Tools Mavia Anjum, Naila Siddique, Hannan Younis, Yasir Faiz, Munib Ahmed Shafique, and 3 more This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3846575/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Apr, 2024 Read the published version in Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Pollution in industrial areas around the world is a significant problem that is worsening day by day. Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan with a dedicated industrial zone. This study evaluated the heavy metal pollution levels in the soil and water of Islamabad’s industrial area using statistical, geospatial tools as well as their subsequent health and ecological hazards The results show that the soil of Islamabad’s industrial area is highly polluted with heavy and toxic metals. The risk posed by heavy metals to the eco-system was calculated using Ecological risk factor and was found to be above recommended level. Principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson’s correlation and inverse distance weighting interpolation (IDW) revealed that the soil near the steel mills, landfill and marble processing plants is extremely polluted with heavy metals. Health hazards from heavy metal exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact were also calculated. The average daily dose for both adults and children follows the trend, ADD ING >ADD DER > ADD INH for soil. The hazard quotient and index follow the trend; HI > HQ ING > HQ DER > HQ INH except for Co and Ba. Cr posed a moderate carcinogenic risk to children via the three exposure pathways with the value being 4×10 − 4 . Natural radioactivity levels for Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 were found to be 25.96 ± 12.50, 15.84 ± 2.59, 469.48 ± 52.38 Bq/kg respectively. The risk to human health from gamma exposure was also evaluated using various radiation hazard indices. Elemental analysis of water samples coupled with geospatial analysis showed that water samples collected near the industrial complexes have elevated levels of metals. The water quality for irrigation was assessed and the water from Islamabad’s industrial area was found to be suitable for irrigation. This study also quantified the health hazards of heavy metals in water through ingestion and dermal contact. The non-carcinogenic health hazards were highest for cadmium, with children having 10 times higher exposure than adults. This study found that the soil of Islamabad’s industrial area is highly polluted with lower levels of natural radioactivity and the water near the industries also has elevated levels of heavy metals. Environmental Chemistry Nuclear Physics Elemental analysis Pollution level assessment Health risks Interpolation Principal component analysis Natural radioactivity water quality industrial pollution Full Text Additional Declarations The authors declare no competing interests. Supplementary Files SupplementarydatacheckedDec2023.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 01 Apr, 2024 Read the published version in Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals → Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. 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Islamabad is the capital city of Pakistan with a dedicated industrial zone. This study evaluated the heavy metal pollution levels in the soil and water of Islamabad\u0026rsquo;s industrial area using statistical, geospatial tools as well as their subsequent health and ecological hazards The results show that the soil of Islamabad\u0026rsquo;s industrial area is highly polluted with heavy and toxic metals. The risk posed by heavy metals to the eco-system was calculated using Ecological risk factor and was found to be above recommended level. Principal component analysis (PCA), Pearson\u0026rsquo;s correlation and inverse distance weighting interpolation (IDW) revealed that the soil near the steel mills, landfill and marble processing plants is extremely polluted with heavy metals. Health hazards from heavy metal exposure through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact were also calculated. The average daily dose for both adults and children follows the trend, ADD\u003csub\u003eING\u003c/sub\u003e\u0026gt;ADD\u003csub\u003eDER\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026gt; ADD\u003csub\u003eINH\u003c/sub\u003e for soil. The hazard quotient and index follow the trend; HI\u0026thinsp;\u0026gt;\u0026thinsp;HQ\u003csub\u003eING\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026gt; HQ\u003csub\u003eDER\u003c/sub\u003e \u0026gt; HQ\u003csub\u003eINH\u003c/sub\u003e except for Co and Ba. Cr posed a moderate carcinogenic risk to children via the three exposure pathways with the value being 4\u0026times;10\u003csup\u003e\u0026minus;\u0026thinsp;4\u003c/sup\u003e. Natural radioactivity levels for Ra-226, Th-232 and K-40 were found to be 25.96\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;12.50, 15.84\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;2.59, 469.48\u0026thinsp;\u0026plusmn;\u0026thinsp;52.38 Bq/kg respectively. The risk to human health from gamma exposure was also evaluated using various radiation hazard indices. Elemental analysis of water samples coupled with geospatial analysis showed that water samples collected near the industrial complexes have elevated levels of metals. The water quality for irrigation was assessed and the water from Islamabad\u0026rsquo;s industrial area was found to be suitable for irrigation. This study also quantified the health hazards of heavy metals in water through ingestion and dermal contact. The non-carcinogenic health hazards were highest for cadmium, with children having 10 times higher exposure than adults. This study found that the soil of Islamabad\u0026rsquo;s industrial area is highly polluted with lower levels of natural radioactivity and the water near the industries also has elevated levels of heavy metals.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Heavy Metals and Radionuclides in Islamabad's Industrial Area: A Comprehensive Analysis of Soil and Water Pollution, Source Apportionment and Health Effects Using Statistical and Geospatial Tools","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2024-01-10 08:36:53","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-3846575/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"6e4bbdad-0c21-418e-b305-e94b749a98f4","owner":[],"postedDate":"January 10th, 2024","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":28023567,"name":"Environmental Chemistry"},{"id":28023568,"name":"Nuclear Physics"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2024-04-21T17:55:53+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-3846575","link":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100127","journal":{"identity":"journal-of-trace-elements-and-minerals","isVorOnly":true,"title":"Journal of Trace Elements and Minerals"},"publishedOn":"2024-04-01 17:55:53","publishedOnDateReadable":"April 1st, 2024"},"versionCreatedAt":"2024-01-10 08:36:53","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100127","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtemin.2024.100127","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-3846575","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-3846575","identity":"rs-3846575","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"qtupq5eGEP_6zYnWcrvyt","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}