Analysis of Photon Statistics and Quadrature Variances in a Three-level Cascade Configuration With Squeezed Vacuum Radiation in Bad Cavity

Analysis of Photon Statistics and Quadrature Variances in a Three-level Cascade Configuration With Squeezed Vacuum Radiation in Bad Cavity | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Article Analysis of Photon Statistics and Quadrature Variances in a Three-level Cascade Configuration With Squeezed Vacuum Radiation in Bad Cavity Adagn Addisu Dabulo This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-7411173/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract This study investigates a three-level laser system featuring a cascade-configured atom interacting with squeezed vacuum radiation within a lossy cavity, where the cavity modes are linked to a vacuum reservoir. By employing steady-state solutions derived from the expectation values of atomic operators and quantum Langevin equations for the cavity mode operators, we have calculated key quantum optical properties, including the mean photon number, normalized second-order correlation functions, and quadrature variances for cavity modes a 1 , a 2 , and their combined two-mode light. The findings reveal that the mean photon number of the two-mode light equals the sum of the individual mode photon numbers. Additionally, the influence of spontaneous and stimulated emissions, along with the squeeze parameter, is shown to enhance the mean photon numbers of the cavity modes. The results further suggest that the cavity modes exhibit thermal light characteristics, with the mean photon number of mode a 1 exceeding that of mode a 2 , as depicted in the analyzed graphs and equations. Physical sciences/Optics and photonics Physical sciences/Physics Quadrature variance Entanglement Ξ-atom Photon number Full Text Additional Declarations No competing interests reported. Cite Share Download PDF Status: Posted Version 1 posted You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-7411173","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":503990519,"identity":"d4cd7cd9-e4da-461a-ad75-24bc5d83a7b6","order_by":0,"name":"Adagn Addisu Dabulo","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAA7klEQVRIiWNgGAWjYFCCBBDBzNjGwMD4AMji4SNFC7MBSAsb0VoaGBjYJEBMglr425Mfvy6osZbt4z9jVvk1x06GjYH54aMbeLRInHlmZj3jWLpxm0SO2W3ZbclAh7EZG+fgs+ZGgpkxD9vhxDYJHrPbktuYgVp42KTxaZG/kf7NmOcfUAvQYcWS2+oJazG4kWP8mLcNqIUhx4zx47bDhLUYnnlTxszbB/JLWrE047bjPGzMBPwidzx982eeb9ay8/sPb/z4c1u1PT9788PHeL0Piw4QYOYBk/iVg5V8gLEYfxBWPQpGwSgYBSMQAAD/k0UUNDsXLAAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==","orcid":"","institution":"Hawassa University","correspondingAuthor":true,"prefix":"","firstName":"Adagn","middleName":"Addisu","lastName":"Dabulo","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2025-08-19 18:38:06","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7411173/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7411173/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":90510806,"identity":"640c9949-4ef2-47fe-94a1-b545cf69b346","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2025-09-03 13:32:36","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":444363,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"TemplateforJournalofComputationalDesignandEngineeringLast.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-7411173/v1_covered_0f72889b-3739-4fcf-a119-f68a9e1db514.pdf"}],"financialInterests":"No competing interests reported.","formattedTitle":"\u003cp\u003eAnalysis of Photon Statistics and Quadrature Variances in a Three-level Cascade Configuration With Squeezed Vacuum Radiation in Bad Cavity\u003c/p\u003e","fulltext":[],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":true,"hideJournal":true,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":false,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":true,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"researchsquare","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":true,"externalIdentity":"","sideBox":"","snPcode":"","submissionUrl":"/submission","title":"Research Square","twitterHandle":"researchsquare","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":false,"editorialSystem":"","reportingPortfolio":"","inReviewEnabled":false,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":true},"keywords":"Quadrature variance, Entanglement, Ξ-atom, Photon number","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-7411173/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7411173/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"This study investigates a three-level laser system featuring a cascade-configured atom interacting with squeezed vacuum radiation within a lossy cavity, where the cavity modes are linked to a vacuum reservoir. 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