Elucidation of the mechanisms of human cathelicidin-derived antimicrobial peptides (LL-37 and its truncated LL-31) against Burkholderia pseudomallei

Melioidosis is an endemic disease caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei found in tropical areas. The bacterium is intrinsically resistant to conventional antibiotics, making treatment difficult. Cathelicidin-derived peptides LL-37, and its truncated LL-31 played a crucial role in innate immune defense against infected microorganisms. LL-31 showed superior killing activity than LL-37 in reducing bacteria viability, combination with antibiotic ceftazidime (CAZ), outer and inner membrane permeabilization, membrane depolarization, and affinity binding to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of B. pseudomallei. Both peptides had similar content of alpha-helical structure. This study provided insights into the molecular mechanisms of LL-37 and its truncated form, LL-31. By utilizing the knowledge gained from this study, researchers may be able to improve treatment options and help combat the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.