Local and Remote Forcing Effects of Oceanic Eddies in the Subtropical Front Zone on the Mid-latitude Atmosphere in Winter

Local and Remote Forcing Effects of Oceanic Eddies in the Subtropical Front Zone on the Mid-latitude Atmosphere in Winter | Research Square window.SnipcartSettings = { analytics: { enabled: false } }; (function() { var accessVector = localStorage.getItem('access_vector') || ''; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; if (accessVector) { window.dataLayer.push({ user: { profile: { profileInfo: { snid: accessVector } } } }); } })(); (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-K279D39R'); Browse Preprints In Review Journals COVID-19 Preprints AJE Video Bytes Research Tools Research Promotion AJE Professional Editing AJE Rubriq About Preprint Platform In Review Editorial Policies Our Team Advisory Board Help Center Sign In Submit a Preprint Cite Share Download PDF Research Article Local and Remote Forcing Effects of Oceanic Eddies in the Subtropical Front Zone on the Mid-latitude Atmosphere in Winter Haibo Hu, Zhao Yihang, Ning Zhang, Haokun Bai, Feifei Chen This is a preprint; it has not been peer reviewed by a journal. https://doi.org/ 10.21203/rs.3.rs-354498/v1 This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Jul, 2021 Read the published version in Climate Dynamics → Version 1 posted 3 You are reading this latest preprint version Abstract Multiple oceanic eddies coexist in the North Pacific subtropical front zone (STFZ) in winter, which can be classified into the isolated single eddies (ISO), the combined double isotropic eddies (DBL) and pairs of anisotropic eddies (PAIR). The forcings of these eddies on the mid-latitude atmosphere are investigated using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data from year 1979 to 2009, which are divided into the remote and local effects in this research. In the stronger STFZ years,there are more ISO and DBL cyclonic eddies to the north but more ISO and DBL anticyclonic eddies to the south of the STFZ, meanwhile more PAIR eddies with cold to the north and warm to the south concentrated around the main axis of the STFZ. These eddy distributions enhance the strength of STFZ, intensify the propagation of upwards baroclinic waves in the lower atmosphere, and finally enhance the zonal wind at upper atmosphere, which is defined as the remote effects of the eddies. However, distinct from this basin-scale remote forcings, three types of oceanic eddies also have different local forcings on the maritime atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) over these eddies. The local effects of the ISO and DBL eddies on MABL entirely depend on the numbers and polarity of the eddy center, while the MABL response to the PAIR eddies appears at the boundary of the two eddies. Furthermore, the local effects of the three types of eddies can be traced to the middle atmosphere accompanied by local precipitation differences. Climatology Climate Analysis and Modeling STFZ oceanic eddies remote forcing of eddies atmospheric baroclinic waves local forcing of eddies MABL Figures Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 Figure 10 Figure 11 Figure 12 Figure 13 Figure 14 Full Text Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF. Supplementary Files SupplementarymeterialstoCD.docx Cite Share Download PDF Status: Published Journal Publication published 08 Jul, 2021 Read the published version in Climate Dynamics → Version 1 posted Reviews received at journal 29 Mar, 2021 First submitted to journal 21 Mar, 2021 Editorial decision: Minor Revision 12 Jul, 2020 You are reading this latest preprint version Research Square lets you share your work early, gain feedback from the community, and start making changes to your manuscript prior to peer review in a journal. As a division of Research Square Company, we’re committed to making research communication faster, fairer, and more useful. We do this by developing innovative software and high quality services for the global research community. Our growing team is made up of researchers and industry professionals working together to solve the most critical problems facing scientific publishing. Also discoverable on Platform About Our Team In Review Editorial Policies Advisory Board Help Center Resources Author Services Accessibility API Access RSS feed Manage Cookie Preferences © Research Square 2026 | ISSN 2693-5015 (online) Privacy Policy Terms of Service Do Not Sell My Personal Information {"props":{"pageProps":{"initialData":{"identity":"rs-354498","acceptedTermsAndConditions":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"archivedVersions":[],"articleType":"Research Article","associatedPublications":[],"authors":[{"id":19348302,"identity":"f27ef143-9ced-4069-8b23-c31865793371","order_by":0,"name":"Haibo Hu","email":"data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAZAAAAAyAQMAAABI0h/eAAAABlBMVEX///8AAABVwtN+AAAACXBIWXMAAA7EAAAOxAGVKw4bAAAAzElEQVRIiWNgGAWjYBACAwYeBobEBgY5BoYDQC4bCVqMSdTC2ADSxUCkFnOJ3IMfHu6wSd/OeMaA4UPZYQb+2Q34tVjOyEuWSDyTlruz4YwB44xzhxkk7hwg4LAbOQYSiW2HczccOGPAzNt2mMFAIoGgFuMfQC3pBiAtf4nUYgayJQGshZEoLWfemFkA/WK44cCxgoM959J5JG4Q0nI8x/jmzx028gY3Dm988KPMWo5/BgEtCCBxAByZPMSqBwL+BhIUj4JRMApGwYgCAO/HSimaPxaqAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1457-9538","institution":"Nanjing University","correspondingAuthor":true,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haibo","middleName":"","lastName":"Hu","suffix":""},{"id":19348303,"identity":"07d97aa2-84d3-4742-8b59-fb223b0f5b3c","order_by":1,"name":"Zhao Yihang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nanjing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Zhao","middleName":"","lastName":"Yihang","suffix":""},{"id":19348304,"identity":"cb72644e-778f-4938-afc7-ce7f513faa81","order_by":2,"name":"Ning Zhang","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nanjing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Ning","middleName":"","lastName":"Zhang","suffix":""},{"id":19348305,"identity":"56f7a587-0db1-44db-a44b-321690b7cc92","order_by":3,"name":"Haokun Bai","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nanjing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Haokun","middleName":"","lastName":"Bai","suffix":""},{"id":19348306,"identity":"b3d30582-30f5-496a-b05b-251471095beb","order_by":4,"name":"Feifei Chen","email":"","orcid":"","institution":"Nanjing University","correspondingAuthor":false,"submittingAuthor":false,"prefix":"","firstName":"Feifei","middleName":"","lastName":"Chen","suffix":""}],"badges":[],"createdAt":"2021-03-23 08:01:44","currentVersionCode":1,"declarations":"","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-354498/v1","doiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-354498/v1","draftVersion":[],"editorialEvents":[{"content":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05877-8","type":"published","date":"2021-07-08T15:01:13+00:00"}],"editorialNote":"","failedWorkflow":false,"files":[{"id":7585160,"identity":"0793f663-1dac-4899-b96e-12d778fcb05e","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:41:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":1,"title":"Figure 1","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":128523,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Filtered sea surface EKE (shadings, units: m2s-2, a: 300-day high-pass; b: 3-7 day bandpass) with averaged meridional sea temperature gradient (contours, -∂T/ ∂y, units: ℃/°, a: surface; b: 105m depth) and current velocity (vectors, a: surface; b: 105m depth) in DJF from 1979 to 2009. The STFZ region is outlined by the black box. Attached solid lines are zonal mean of corresponding filtered EKE (X bottom axis, units: 10-4·m2s-2, color: orange) and zonal mean of corresponding meridional temperature gradient from 140°E to 140°W (X top axis, units: ℃/°; color: black).","description":"","filename":"1.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/dbcf8ed61d35a30767dca5a7.jpg"},{"id":7585168,"identity":"f3bc0900-02fd-46a9-afad-4b50df2ad7ac","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:41:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":2,"title":"Figure 2","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":87358,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Standardized time series of the ITS (black), EKE (orange) index and U-component of STCC index (blue). The ITS, EKE index, and U-component of STCC index are the spatial average of the SST gradient in 24°N-32 °N \u0026 140° E-140 °W, 3-7 days bandpass filtered sea surface EKE in the eddy locations within STFZ, and u-component of current at sea surface in 18°N-24 °N \u0026 140°E-157°W, respectively. The reference lines are ±σ. X-axis presents the years; Y-axis presents the standardized indexes. ","description":"","filename":"2.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/304b803456c73c51243194a4.jpg"},{"id":7585480,"identity":"454a7778-0001-42b4-9313-de72453f5287","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:44:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":3,"title":"Figure 3","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":217105,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Difference of averaged (a) SHF (units: W·m-2), (b) LHF (units: W·m-2), (c) Eady growth rate (units: 10-5m·s-2), (d) storm track at 300hPa (units: m2s-2), (e) u-component of wind at 300hPa (units: m·s-1) between stronger and weaker years of the STFZ. The STFZ region is outlined by the black box. Dotted areas have passed 95% t-test significant level. ","description":"","filename":"3.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/6dbc489ca90333d0cabe27f4.jpg"},{"id":7585159,"identity":"9da82df2-25df-4204-a3ac-6352f254cfc0","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:41:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":4,"title":"Figure 4","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":116474,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Comparison of eddy occurrences in stronger (a-e) and weaker (f-j) of STFZ intensity years. Blue (Red) marker represents cyclone (anticyclone) eddies. Meridional SST gradient anomaly (shadings, units: ℃/°) and averaged current velocity (vectors, units: m·s-1) from surface to 205m of the year are also given in pictures. (a1-j1) present zonal means of meridional SST gradient, black solid line is average from all 31 years, red or blue line is average of the stronger or weaker STFZ year; (a2-j2) present zonal means of current u-component from 140°E to 157°W, black solid line is the average value of all 31 years, green line is the value of the respective year. ","description":"","filename":"4.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/e81e0edebfc001baafa7ff0e.jpg"},{"id":7585161,"identity":"7a2dbc30-3a8f-4623-b25a-731051338904","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:41:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":5,"title":"Figure 5","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":72209,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Comparison of eddy occurrence in stronger (a-e) and weaker (f-j) years. Meridional SST gradient anomaly (shadings, units: ℃/°) are masked out in eddy positions. (a1-j1) present zonal means of meridional SST gradient from 140°E to 140°W, black solid line is average from all 31 years, red and blue lines are average of the stronger or weaker STFZ year. (a2-j2) present zonal means of meridional SST gradient anomaly caused by the ISO eddies (black), the DBL (green) and the PAIR (purple) eddies. The cell-shading ones are the positions of DBL (green) and PAIR (purple) eddies. The ones with normal shadings are ISO eddies.","description":"","filename":"5.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/ed48de2b71281d5f2616a830.jpg"},{"id":7585023,"identity":"56aff56c-c81a-4cb5-a056-2f457fba14f2","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:38:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":6,"title":"Figure 6","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":47785,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Spatial distribution and ratio of eddies in (a) stronger, (b) normal, and (c) weaker years of the STFZ. For all eddies in 31 years, 16.1% eddies occur in stronger STFZ years; 60.9% and 23.0% for normal and weaker years, respectively. Obviously, most cyclone eddies occur north (south) to 28°N with 70.2% (68.2%) of total cyclones in the stronger (weaker) STFZ intensity years, while anticyclone eddies occur north (south) to 28°N with 60.0% (54.3%) in the weaker (stronger) years. ","description":"","filename":"6.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/11144b9dbbdc2537395f0981.jpg"},{"id":7585158,"identity":"8a4c8819-2d26-4891-a087-cf17a2d16e59","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:41:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":7,"title":"Figure 7","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":92729,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Spatial distribution and ratio of eddies in (a, d, g) stronger, (b, e, h) normal, and (c, f, i) weaker years of the STFZ. (a-c) for ISO, (d-f) for DBL and (g-i) for PAIR eddies. ISO eddies perform almost the same as that in Fig. 6, and more significant percentage characteristics appear for DBL eddies. For the PAIR eddies, longitudinal cyclone-anticyclone pairs (cold to the north and warm to the south) are presented with orange markers of (g-i) and longitudinal anticyclone-cyclone pairs (warm to the north and cold to the south) are presented with green markers of (g-i). ","description":"","filename":"7.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/2458fff7a0479c21e0635575.jpg"},{"id":7585030,"identity":"c606145c-a6ee-4dbc-b10c-f76a0d39bcd5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:38:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":8,"title":"Figure 8","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":112367,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Composite analysis of ISO_CYC samples including SST anomaly (contours, units: ℃) and (a) 2-meter air temperature (shadings, units: ℃), (b) SHF (units: W·m-2), (c) LHF (units: W·m-2), (d) MABL height (units: m), (e) 10-meter wind speed (units: m·s-1), (f) surface frictional velocity (units: m·s-1), (h) 10-meter scalar wind (units: m·s-1) anomalies and (g) the gradient Richardson number at 950hPa. Dotted areas have passed 95% t-test significant level. ","description":"","filename":"8.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/2666c2fffe4250418c7202cf.jpg"},{"id":7585484,"identity":"6e8c00ae-fd79-4dca-92b3-46be2b616411","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:44:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":9,"title":"Figure 9","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":102196,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Composite analysis of ISO_ANT samples including SST anomaly (contour, units: ℃) and (a) 2-meter air temperature (shadings, units: ℃), (b) SHF (units: W·m-2), (c) LHF (units: W·m-2), (d) MABL height (units: m), (e) 10-meter wind speed (units: m·s-1), (f) surface frictional velocity (units: m·s-1), (h) 10-meter scalar wind (units: m·s-1) anomalies and (g) the gradient Richardson number at 950hPa. Dotted areas have passed 95% t-test significant level. ","description":"","filename":"9.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/046a5a8889a55edf51b56a78.jpg"},{"id":7585169,"identity":"78531e72-7433-4e26-983e-17859178b9d7","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:41:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":10,"title":"Figure 10","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":120212,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Composite analysis of PAIR_NC_SW samples including SST anomaly (contours, units: ℃) and (a) 2-meter air temperature (shadings, units: ℃), (b) SHF (units: W·m-2), (c) LHF (units: W·m-2), (d) MABL height (units: m), (e) 10-meter wind speed (units: m·s-1), (f) surface frictional velocity (units: m·s-1), (h) 10-meter scalar wind (units: m·s-1) anomalies and (g) the gradient Richardson number at 950hPa. Dotted areas have passed 95% t-test significant level. ","description":"","filename":"10.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/7278848536f727a042382283.jpg"},{"id":7585165,"identity":"0d378621-c28e-4525-8221-125c0b52c73f","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:41:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":11,"title":"Figure 11","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":115588,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Composite analysis of PAIR_NW_SC samples including SST anomaly (contours, units: ℃) and (a) 2-meter air temperature (shadings, units: ℃), (b) SHF (units: W·m-2), (c) LHF (units: W·m-2), (d) MABL height (units: m), (e) 10-meter wind speed (units: m·s-1), (f) surface frictional velocity (units: m·s-1), (h) 10-meter scalar wind (units: m·s-1) anomalies and (g) the gradient Richardson number at 950hPa. Dotted areas have passed 95% t-test significant level.","description":"","filename":"11.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/91095d0e4393c1b4133ee854.jpg"},{"id":7585985,"identity":"a069d1a5-1546-4385-a5b9-1abe32492d3a","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:47:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":12,"title":"Figure 12","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":217921,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"SST anomaly (contours, units: ℃) and upper atmosphere geopotential height anomalies (shadings, units: m, passed 95% t-test significant level) in composite analysis of (a-c) ISO_CYC (d-f) ISO_ANT (g-i) DBL_CYC (j-l) DBL_ANT (m-o) PAIR_NC_SW (p-r) PAIR_NW_SC at 700hPa, 600hPa and 500hPa. Vectors present wind field interpolated to MABL top.","description":"","filename":"12.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/98e25111365401eb379dfc3f.jpg"},{"id":7585483,"identity":"f8121411-a7fa-4a90-8d4d-d40a38ed0133","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:44:03","extension":"jpg","order_by":13,"title":"Figure 13","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":101682,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Composited SST anomalies (contours, units: ℃) of (a) ISO_CYC (b) DBL_ANT (c) PAIR_NW_SC (d) ISO_ANT (e) DBL_ANT (f) PAIR_NC_SW and composited anomalies (shadings, units: kg·m-2) of convective precipitation. Dotted areas have passed 95% t-test significant level.","description":"","filename":"13.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/8bfab0cf9d0b09bde005dcff.jpg"},{"id":7585166,"identity":"244e74dd-8d65-4ec3-bbfb-4fec4c307bb5","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:41:02","extension":"jpg","order_by":14,"title":"Figure 14","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"figure","size":55533,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"Schematic depiction of the (a) local and (b) remote forcing of oceanic eddies on atmosphere in the STFZ during winter. (a) surface layer presents SST anomaly and heat flux induced by eddies, responding geopotential heights are presented by the bulge of each face, and enhanced/decreased precipitation are given as icons; (b) a certain kind of eddy distribution overlays climatic SST, strengthening the STFZ intensity and affecting wind at 300hPa.","description":"","filename":"14.jpg","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/a9bcb09d802c7cd7b1b78fe1.jpg"},{"id":13615394,"identity":"4531f78c-c571-4147-bd66-2bfd32dcb7ea","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-09-17 06:45:21","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3682536,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rrevised.manuscriptfinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1_covered.pdf"},{"id":7586525,"identity":"6d6e09a8-901e-4ed4-a608-b9596c4102fe","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:50:07","extension":"pdf","order_by":1,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"manuscript-pdf","size":3415404,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"rrevised.manuscriptfinal.pdf","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1_stamped.pdf"},{"id":7585033,"identity":"3bfa8dca-22ab-4f64-9403-5ee6ca02d89c","added_by":"auto","created_at":"2021-04-01 20:38:03","extension":"docx","order_by":18,"title":"","display":"","copyAsset":false,"role":"supplement","size":1257395,"visible":true,"origin":"","legend":"","description":"","filename":"SupplementarymeterialstoCD.docx","url":"https://assets-eu.researchsquare.com/files/rs-354498/v1/81d36f20a3a3a97fb7677936.docx"}],"financialInterests":"","formattedTitle":"Local and Remote Forcing Effects of Oceanic Eddies in the Subtropical Front Zone on the Mid-latitude Atmosphere in Winter","fulltext":[{"header":"Full Text","content":"\u003cp\u003eDue to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF.\u003c/p\u003e"}],"fulltextSource":"","fullText":"","funders":[],"hasAdminPriorityOnWorkflow":false,"hasManuscriptDocX":false,"hasOptedInToPreprint":true,"hasPassedJournalQc":"","hasAnyPriority":false,"hideJournal":false,"highlight":"","institution":"","isAcceptedByJournal":true,"isAuthorSuppliedPdf":true,"isDeskRejected":"","isHiddenFromSearch":false,"isInQc":false,"isInWorkflow":false,"isPdf":false,"isPdfUpToDate":true,"isWithdrawnOrRetracted":false,"journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"climate-dynamics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cldy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Climate Dynamics](https://www.springer.com/journal/382)","snPcode":"382","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/382/3","title":"Climate Dynamics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false},"keywords":"STFZ, oceanic eddies, remote forcing of eddies, atmospheric baroclinic waves, local forcing of eddies, MABL","lastPublishedDoi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-354498/v1","lastPublishedDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-354498/v1","license":{"name":"CC BY 4.0","url":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"},"manuscriptAbstract":"\u003cp\u003eMultiple oceanic eddies coexist in the North Pacific subtropical front zone (STFZ) in winter, which can be classified into the isolated single eddies (ISO), the combined double isotropic eddies (DBL) and pairs of anisotropic eddies (PAIR). The forcings of these eddies on the mid-latitude atmosphere are investigated using Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data from year 1979 to 2009, which are divided into the remote and local effects in this research. In the stronger STFZ years,there are more ISO and DBL cyclonic eddies to the north but more ISO and DBL anticyclonic eddies to the south of the STFZ, meanwhile more PAIR eddies with cold to the north and warm to the south concentrated around the main axis of the STFZ. These eddy distributions enhance the strength of STFZ, intensify the propagation of upwards baroclinic waves in the lower atmosphere, and finally enhance the zonal wind at upper atmosphere, which is defined as the remote effects of the eddies. However, distinct from this basin-scale remote forcings, three types of oceanic eddies also have different local forcings on the maritime atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) over these eddies. The local effects of the ISO and DBL eddies on MABL entirely depend on the numbers and polarity of the eddy center, while the MABL response to the PAIR eddies appears at the boundary of the two eddies. Furthermore, the local effects of the three types of eddies can be traced to the middle atmosphere accompanied by local precipitation differences.\u003c/p\u003e","manuscriptTitle":"Local and Remote Forcing Effects of Oceanic Eddies in the Subtropical Front Zone on the Mid-latitude Atmosphere in Winter","msid":"","msnumber":"","nonDraftVersions":[{"code":1,"date":"2021-04-01 20:37:59","doi":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-354498/v1","editorialEvents":[{"type":"communityComments","content":0},{"type":"editorInvitedReview","content":"","date":"2021-03-30T00:00:00+00:00","index":0,"fulltext":""},{"type":"submitted","content":"Climate Dynamics","date":"2021-03-22T01:47:15+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""},{"type":"decision","content":"Minor Revision","date":"2020-07-12T19:38:37+00:00","index":"","fulltext":""}],"status":"published","journal":{"display":true,"email":"[email protected]","identity":"climate-dynamics","isNatureJournal":false,"hasQc":true,"allowDirectSubmit":false,"externalIdentity":"cldy","sideBox":"Learn more about [Climate Dynamics](https://www.springer.com/journal/382)","snPcode":"382","submissionUrl":"https://submission.nature.com/new-submission/382/3","title":"Climate Dynamics","twitterHandle":"","acdcEnabled":true,"dfaEnabled":true,"editorialSystem":"em","reportingPortfolio":"Springer Hybrid","inReviewEnabled":true,"inReviewRevisionsEnabled":false}}],"origin":"","ownerIdentity":"3c9a6a43-94af-4212-aa09-2a2a0d5076d3","owner":[],"postedDate":"April 1st, 2021","published":true,"recentEditorialEvents":[],"rejectedJournal":[],"revision":"","amendment":"","status":"published-in-journal","subjectAreas":[{"id":3371414,"name":"Climatology"},{"id":3371415,"name":"Climate Analysis and Modeling"}],"tags":[],"updatedAt":"2021-08-17T16:13:49+00:00","versionOfRecord":{"articleIdentity":"rs-354498","link":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05877-8","journal":{"identity":"climate-dynamics","isVorOnly":false,"title":"Climate Dynamics"},"publishedOn":"2021-07-08 15:01:13","publishedOnDateReadable":"July 8th, 2021"},"versionCreatedAt":"2021-04-01 20:37:59","video":"","vorDoi":"10.1007/s00382-021-05877-8","vorDoiUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-021-05877-8","workflowStages":[]},"version":"v1","identity":"rs-354498","journalConfig":"researchsquare"},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/article/[identity]/[[...version]]","query":{"redirect":"/article/rs-354498","identity":"rs-354498","version":["v1"]},"buildId":"7rjqhiLT3MXkJMwkYKINL","isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[84888],"gssp":true,"scriptLoader":[]}